Structural Interfaces and Attachments in Biology PDF
Preview Structural Interfaces and Attachments in Biology
Structural Interfaces and Attachments in Biology Stavros Thomopoulos (cid:129) Victor Birman Guy M. Genin Editors Structural Interfaces and Attachments in Biology Editors StavrosThomopoulos VictorBirman DepartmentofOrthopedicSurgery EngineeringEducationCenter WashingtonUniversity MissouriUniversityofScienceandTechnology St.Louis,MO,USA St.Louis,MO,USA GuyM.Genin MechanicalEngineering andMaterialsScience WashingtonUniversity St.Louis,MO,USA ISBN978-1-4614-3316-3 ISBN978-1-4614-3317-0(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-3317-0 SpringerNewYorkHeidelbergDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012946721 #SpringerScience+BusinessMediaNewYork2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerpts inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeing enteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplication ofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthe Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter. ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Attachment of dissimilar materials in engineering and surgical practice is a perennial challenge. Bimaterial attachment sites are common locations for initial andrepeatedinjuryandmechanicalfailure.Naturepresentsseveralhighlyeffective solutionstothechallengeofbimaterialattachmentthatdifferfromthosecurrently adoptedinengineeringpractice.Thegoalofthistextistosimultaneouslyelucidate natural bimaterial attachments and outline engineering principles underlying successfulattachmentsasaguidetothecommunitiesoftissueengineers,structural engineers,andsurgeons. We assembled this book with the hope of generating a cross-disciplinary dia- logue among our biomedical and engineering communities. The intended reader- ship includes orthopaedic surgeons, researchers in the areas of orthopaedic biomechanicsandtissueengineering,seniorundergraduateandbeginninggraduate students in mechanical and biomedical engineering, and structural engineers. We expect that the book will be of value to orthopaedic surgeons, who are regularly presentedwiththechallengeofattachingdissimilarmaterials(e.g.,tendon-to-bone repair for rotator cuff tears or anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction). The lessons learned from the study of biological attachments may be useful for developingnewsurgicalstrategiesforimprovedpatientoutcomes.Wealsoantici- pate that this book will be of interest to structural engineers. Understanding the mechanismsbywhichthebodysolvestheproblemofattachingdissimilarmaterials may enable engineers to design better structural attachments (e.g., for connecting anairplanewingtothefuselage).Attachmentschemesinnatureprovideestablished andtime-provenstrategiesforbimaterialattachment,andourgoalisforthistextto provideengineerswithanentrypointintothestudyofthese. Akeyobjectiveofthetextistomakethecurrentbodyofworkonattachments accessible in a concise format and across disciplines. The book can be used as a textbook for a graduate level course cross-listed among orthopaedics, mechanical engineering, biomedical engineering, and materials programs. The background readingsforsuchacoursehavenotyetbeenassembledelsewhere.Acomprehensive treatmentispresentedofphysiologicattachmentsfromtheengineeringperspective andengineeringattachmentsinthecontextofschemesobservedinnature. In such a v vi Preface course, we expect that students of different educational backgrounds will emerge with both a broad comprehensive picture and in-depth knowledge of topics that build upon their individual foundations. The editors thank their families for their support during the preparation of the book.TheeditorsalsoacknowledgeWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,Missouri University of Science and Technology, and the National Science Foundation (CAREER844607)fortheirsupportofthiseffort. St.Louis,MO,USA StavrosThomopoulos VictorBirman GuyM.Genin Contents PartI AttachmentofDissimilarMaterials: ChallengesandSolutions 1 TheChallengeofAttachingDissimilarMaterials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 StavrosThomopoulos,VictorBirman,andGuyM.Genin 2 FunctionallyGradedMaterialsinEngineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 VictorBirman,TylerKeil,andSerhatHosder 3 ModelsfortheMechanicsofJoiningDissimilarMaterials. . . . . . . 43 GuyM.GeninandYanxinLiu PartII NaturalExamplesofTransitionsfromStiff toCompliantMaterials 4 LigamentandTendonEnthesis:AnatomyandMechanics. . . . . . . 69 MatteoM.Tei,KathrynF.Farraro,andSavioL.-Y.Woo 5 TheBone–CartilageInterface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 VirginiaL.FergusonandRachelC.Paietta 6 Muscle–TendonInteractionsintheAbsenceofBones: LessonsfromtheFruitFly,Drosophila. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 TalilaVolk 7 Dentin/AdhesiveInterfaceinTeeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 PauletteSpencer,QiangYe,JongguPark, RanganathanParthasarathy,OrestesMarangos,AnilMisra, BrendaS.Bohaty,VirajSingh,andJenniferS.Laurence 8 SpecificAdhesionofSoftElasticMaterials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 JizengWang vii viii Contents 9 DiversifiedMaterialDesignsinBiological UnderwaterAdhesives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 KeiKamino 10 MechanicsofSelf-SimilarHierarchicalAdhesiveStructures InspiredbyGeckoFeet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 HaiminYaoandHuajianGao PartIII RegenerationofInterfaces:Development, Healing,andTissueEngineering 11 TheRoleofMechanobiologyintheAttachment ofTendontoBone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 AndreaSchwartzandStavrosThomopoulos 12 SoftTissuetoBoneHealinginRotatorCuffRepair. . . . . . . . . . . . 259 LeesaM.Galatz 13 SoftTissue-to-BoneHealinginAnteriorCruciateLigament Reconstruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 JohnM.SolicandScottA.Rodeo 14 EngineeringGradedTissueInterfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 NeethuMohanandMichaelDetamore 15 EngineeringFibrousTissuesandTheirInterfaceswithBone. . . . . 323 JenniferLeiandJohnnaS.Temenoff 16 SynthesisofLayered,GradedBioscaffolds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 DanielW.Weisgerber,StevenR.Caliari, andBrendanA.C.Harley Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Contributors Victor Birman Engineering Education Center, Missouri University of Science andTechnology,St.Louis,MO,USA Brenda S. Bohaty Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Missouri- KansasCity,KansasCity,MO,USA Steven R. Caliari Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign,Urbana,IL,USA MichaelDetamore DepartmentofChemicalandPetroleumEngineering, UniversityofKansas,Lawrence,KS,USA Kathryn F. Farraro Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,PA,USA Virginia L. Ferguson Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado,Boulder,CO,USA LeesaM.Galatz DepartmentofOrthopaedicSurgery,WashingtonUniversityin St.Louis,St.Louis,MO,USA HuajianGao SchoolofEngineering,BrownUniversity,Providence,RI,USA Guy M. Genin Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, WashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,St.Louis,MO,USA HaiminYao SchoolofEngineering,SunYat-senUniversity,Guangzhou,China Brendan A.C. Harley Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UniversityofIllinois-UrbanaChampagne,Urbana,IL,USA SerhatHosder DepartmentofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineering, MissouriUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Rolla,MO,USA KeiKamino BiotechnologyCenter,NationalInstituteofTechnology andEvaluation,Kisarazu,Chiba,Japan ix x Contributors TylerKeil SandiaNationalLaboratories,Albuquerque,NM,USA Jennifer S. Laurence Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas,Lawrence,KS,USA Jennifer Lei George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia InstituteofTechnology,Atlanta,GA,USA Yanxin Liu Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, WashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,St.Louis,MO,USA Orestes Marangos Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence,KS,USA Anil Misra Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, BioengineeringResearchCenter,UniversityofKansas,Lawrence,KS,USA Neethu Mohan Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University ofKansas,Lawrence,KS,USA Rachel C. Paietta Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado,Boulder,CO,USA Jonggu Park Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS,USA Ranganathan Parthasarathy Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas,Lawrence,KS,USA Scott A. Rodeo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery/Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork,NY,USA Andrea Schwartz Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St.Louis,MO,USA Viraj Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence,KS,USA John M. Solic Sports Medicine and Shoulder Center, Triangle Orthopaedic Associates,Durham,NC,USA Paulette Spencer Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering ResearchCenter,UniversityofKansas,Lawrence,KS,USA Matteo M. Tei Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,PA,USA Johnna S. Temenoff Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute ofTechnology,Atlanta,GA,USA StavrosThomopoulos DepartmentofOrthopaedicSurgery,WashingtonUniversity inSt.Louis,St.Louis,MO,USA
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