Structural Adhesive Joints: Design, Analysis, and Testing

345 Pages·2020·15.483 MB·English

by  K. L. Mittal

Structural Adhesive Joints
Scrivener Publishing
100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J
Beverly, MA 01915-6106
Adhesion and Adhesives: Fundamental and Applied Aspects
The topics to be covered include, but not limited to, basic and theoretical aspects
of adhesion; modeling of adhesion phenomena; mechanisms of adhesion; surface
and interfacial analysis and characterization; unraveling of events at interfaces;
characterization of interphases; adhesion of thin films and coatings; adhesion
aspects in reinforced composites; formation, characterization and durability of
adhesive joints; surface preparation methods; polymer surface m odification;
biological adhesion; particle adhesion; adhesion of metallized plastics; a dhesion of
diamond-like films; adhesion promoters; contact angle, wettability and adhesion;
superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity. With regards to adhesives, the Series
will include, but not limited to, green adhesives; novel and high-p erformance
adhesives; and medical adhesive applications.
Series Editor: Dr. K.L. Mittal
P.O. Box 1280, Hopewell Junction, NY 12533, USA
Email: [email protected]
Publishers at Scrivener
Martin Scrivener ([email protected])
Phillip Carmical ([email protected])
Scrivener Publishing
100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J
Beverly, MA 01915-6106
Adhesion and Adhesives: Fundamental and Applied Aspects
Structural Adhesive Joints
The topics to be covered include, but not limited to, basic and theoretical aspects
of adhesion; modeling of adhesion phenomena; mechanisms of adhesion; surface
and interfacial analysis and characterization; unraveling of events at interfaces;
characterization of interphases; adhesion of thin films and coatings; adhesion
aspects in reinforced composites; formation, characterization and durability of Design, Analysis and Testing
adhesive joints; surface preparation methods; polymer surface m odification;
biological adhesion; particle adhesion; adhesion of metallized plastics; a dhesion of
diamond-like films; adhesion promoters; contact angle, wettability and adhesion;
superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity. With regards to adhesives, the Series
will include, but not limited to, green adhesives; novel and high-p erformance
adhesives; and medical adhesive applications.
Series Editor: Dr. K.L. Mittal
P.O. Box 1280, Hopewell Junction, NY 12533, USA
Email: [email protected]
Publishers at Scrivener
Martin Scrivener ([email protected]) Edited by
Phillip Carmical ([email protected])
K.L. Mittal and S. K. Panigrahi
This edition first published 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
© 2020 Scrivener Publishing LLC
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 978-1-119-73643-1
Cover image: Pixabay.Com
Cover design by Russell Richardson
Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines
Printed in the USA
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface xiii
Part 1: General Topics 1
1 Surface Preparation for Structural Adhesive Joints 3
Anushka Purabgola, Shivani Rastogi, Gaurav Sharma
and Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Theories of Adhesion 6
1.2.1 Mechanical Interlocking 6
1.2.2 Electrostatic (Electronic) Theory 7
1.2.3 Diffusion Theory 7
1.2.4 Wetting Theory 8
1.2.5 Chemical Bonding Theory 10
1.2.6 Weak Boundary Layer Theory 10
1.3 Surface Preparation Methods 11
1.3.1 Degreasing 12
1.3.1.1 Vapor Degreasing 12
1.3.1.2 Ultrasonic Vapor Degreasing 13
1.3.1.3 Other Degreasing Methods 14
1.3.2 Mechanical Abrasion 15
1.3.3 Chemical Treatment 17
1.3.3.1 Acid Etching 17
1.3.3.2 Anodization 17
1.3.4 Physical Methods 20
1.3.4.1 Corona Treatment 20
1.3.4.2 Flame Treatment 22
1.3.4.3 Plasma Treatment 22
1.4 Surface Preparation Evaluation Methods 23
1.4.1 Dyne Solutions 24
1.4.2 Water-Break Test 24
v
vi Contents
1.4.3 Contact Angle Test 24
1.5 Applications of Structural Adhesives 25
1.5.1 Adhesives for Aerospace 25
1.5.2 Adhesives for Marine Applications 26
1.5.3 Adhesives for Medical and Dental Applications 26
1.5.4 Adhesives for Construction 27
1.5.5 Adhesives for Automotive Industry 28
1.5.6 Adhesives for Electronics 28
1.6 Summary 29
Acknowledgment 29
References 30
2 Improvement of the Performance of Structural Adhesive
Joints with Nanoparticles and Numerical Prediction of
Their Response 35
Farid Taheri
2.1 Introduction 36
2.1.1 Historical Perspective 36
2.1.2 Incorporation of Fillers in Adhesives 38
2.2 Use of Nanocarbon Nanoparticles for Improving
the Response of Resins and Adhesives 41
2.3 Assessment of Performance of Adhesively Bonded
Joints (ABJs) 54
2.3.1 Brief Introduction to the Procedures Used
for Assessing Stresses in ABJs 54
2.3.2 Computational Approaches for Assessing Response
of ABJs 56
2.4 Application of CZM for Simulating Crack Propagation
in Adhesively Bonded Joints 60
2.4.1 Basis of the CZM 60
2.4.2 Applications of CZM to Bonded Joints 62
2.5 Application of xFEM for Simulating Crack Propagation
in Adhesively Bonded Joints 66
2.6 Summary 69
Acknowledgement 70
References 70
3 Optimization of Structural Adhesive Joints 79
P. K. Mallick
3.1 Introduction 79
3.2 Joint Configurations 80
Contents vii
3.3 Joint Design Parameters 83
3.4 Substrate Stiffness and Strength 88
3.5 Adhesive Selection 89
3.6 Hybrid Joints 92
3.7 Summary 93
References 94
4 Durability Aspects of Structural Adhesive Joints 97
H. S. Panda, Rigved Samant, K. L. Mittal and S. K. Panigrahi
Abbreviations Used 98
4.1 Introduction 99
4.2 Factors Affecting Durability 100
4.2.1 Materials 101
4.2.1.1 Adhesives 101
4.2.1.2 Adherends 111
4.2.2 Environment 123
4.2.2.1 Moisture 123
4.2.2.2 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) 124
4.2.3 Stress 125
4.3 Methods to Improve Durability 127
4.4 Summary 128
References 129
5 Debonding of Structural Adhesive Joints 135
Mariana D. Banea
5.1 Introduction 135
5.2 Design of Structures with Debondable Adhesives
(Design for Disassembly) 138
5.3 Techniques for Debonding of Structural Adhesive Joints 140
5.3.1 Electrically Induced Debonding of Adhesive Joints 140
5.3.2 Debonding on Demand of Adhesively Bonded
Joints Using Reactive Fillers 141
5.3.2.1 Nanoparticles 141
5.3.2.2 Microparticles 145
5.4 Prospects 151
5.5 Summary 152
Acknowledgements 152
References 152
viii Contents
Part 2: Analysis and Testing 159
6 Fracture Mechanics-Based Design and Analysis
of Structural Adhesive Joints 161
Jinchen Ji and Quantian Luo
Abbreviations and Nomenclature 161
6.1 Introduction 163
6.1.1 Analysis Methods of Adhesive Joints 164
6.1.2 Design Philosophy of Adhesive Joints and
Fracture Mechanics Based Design 166
6.2 Stress Analysis and Fracture Modelling of Structural
Adhesive Joints 167
6.2.1 Stress Analysis and Static Strength of Structural
Adhesive Joints 168
6.2.1.1 Shear-Lag Model and Shear Stress 168
6.2.1.2 Beam-Adhesive Model, Shear and
Peel Stresses 171
6.2.1.3 Load Update of a Single Lap Joint in Tension 177
6.2.2 Analytical Approaches of Linear Elastic
Fracture Mechanics 180
6.2.2.1 An Approach Based on Adhesive Stresses
for the Joint Under General Loading 180
6.2.2.2 Methods Based on a Beam Theory and a
Singular Field 184
6.2.3 Fracture Prediction Using Cohesive Zone Model 185
6.2.3.1 Cohesive Zone Model 186
6.2.3.2 Cohesive Traction Law 186
6.2.3.3 Design Criteria Based on Cohesive Zone
Model 187
6.3 Finite Element Modelling and Simulation 187
6.3.1 Finite Element Modelling for Stress Analysis of
Adhesive Joints 188
6.3.2 Virtual Crack Closure Technique 188
6.3.3 Cohesive Zone Modelling and Progressive Failure 189
6.4 Experimental Approach and Material Characterization 190
6.4.1 Specimen and Test Standard 191
6.4.2 Data Reduction and Fracture Toughness, Mixed
Mode Fracture 192
6.4.3 Measurement of Fracture Parameters and
Progressive Failure Using DIC 192