Stormwater management: emerging planning approaches and control technologies.

122 Pages·1996·7.2 MB·English

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
Emerging Planning Approaches
and
Control Technologies
April 1996
©Ontario
Ministry of Ministire de
EnTiroiiment I'EnTironnement
and Energy et de I'Energie
Environment Ontario
Laboratory Library
125 Resources Rd.
Etobicoke, Ontario M9P 3V6
Canada
/
Preface
The intent of the manual is to keep individuals who are involved with urban drainage and
stormwater management in provincial agencies, municipalities, conservation authorities and
private industries informed of the most up-to-date strategies and practices for stormwater
management. The practice of stormwater management has been rapidly evolving over the past
decade. This manual peeks into the experience of the past and is putting together current
planning approaches and management practices which are found acceptable to the various
reviewing agencies. As this manual is prepared months ahead of the actual day of the training
session, it is important to realize that some of the "current" practices discussed in the manual
could have become out dated on the day when the training is held.
Although some practical, specific guidance have been cited, it should be stressed that there must
be flexibility to account for site specific conditions. Site specific conditions/characteristics will
govern over the guidance provided in the manual.
As new innovative control or preventive technologies emerge, it is encouraged that suchdesigns
be considered for approval ifthe designers can show thatthese alternate approaches canproduce
the desure results. There is a need for innovative designers to develop better designs and for
reviewing agencies to encourage innovation by showing flexibility in applying agency criteria.
Lastly, the list ofcomputermodels discussed inthe training session is, by no means, exhaustive.
The list may reflect the more popularly applied models currently available. There are many
other computer models which are equally practical and more are expected to be developed.
Selection of models should be done with care and this can be achieved by going through a list
of model selection criteria, for example, continuous or single event, evaluation of control
options, water quality routing, sewer shapes, etc. Finally, the ability ofthe modeller to interpret
correctly the results of the modelling exercise is of vital importance.
Comments and queries regarding this document may be sent to:
Ministry of Environment and Energy
Program Development Branch
Urban and Rural Programs Section
40 St. Clair Avenue West, 14th Floor
Toronto, Ontario
M4V 1M2
Atm. Jonathan P'ng
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
Environment Ontario
Laboratory Library
125 Resources Rd.
Etobicoke, Ontario ^49P 3V6
Canada
TO /S7hl^oii
/i^lS
/
Acknowledgement
Most of the materials included in this document was reproduced from a report prepared for the
Metropolitan Toronto and Region Conservation Authority and Ministry of Environment and
Energy by Gore and Storrie Limited. Modification was made to cater specifically to the theme
and objectives of the seminar.
Digitized by the Internet Archive
2015
in
https://archive.org/details/stormwatermanage24899
Mmmmr
contents
Imt^ sw
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.1.1 Training Objectives 1-1
1.1.2 Urban Stormwater Management 1-1
THE IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION ON THE WATER RESOURCES
1.2
SYSTEM 1-2
1.2.1 General 1-2
1.2.2 Flooding 1-6
1.2.3 Impacts on Base Flow 1-7
1.2.4 Water Quality 1-8
1.2.5 Impacts on Stream Morphology 1-10
1.2.6 Impacts on Stream Habitat 1-11
1.2.7 WeUands 1-12
1.3 SOLUTIONS TO SWM DRAINAGE ISSUES 1-13
2.1 INTRODUCTION 2-1
2.1.1 Training Objectives 2-1
2.1.2 Background 2-1
^
2.1.3 Overview 2-2
2.2 WATERSHED PLANS 2-4
2.3 LAND USE PLANNING OVERVIEW 2-10
2.4 WATERSHED PLAN DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION 2-12
2.4.1 Planning Framework 2-12
2.4.2 Information Gathering 2-15
2.4.3 Development of Plan 2-17
2.4.4 Roles and Responsibilities 2-18
2.4.5 Funding for the Task 2-20
2.4.6 Monitoring/Auditing the Success of Watershed Management 2-20
2.4.7 Currency: Keepmg the Watershed Management Plan Up-to-Date 2-21
2.4.8 Public Participation 2-21
SUMMARY
2.5 2-22
^
3.1 DEFINITION AND RELATIONSHIP TO WATERSHED PLANNING 3-1
i
3.2 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SUB-WATERSHED PLAN 3-4
3.3 THE UNK WITH OTHER PLANNING PROCESSES 3-5
3.4 THE TECHNICAL ELEMENTS OF SUB-WATERSHED PLANNING 3-7
3.4.1 An Overview of the Process 3-7
3.4.2 Defining the Sub-Watershed Boundaries 3-8
3.4.3 Information Gathering 3-9
3.4.4 EstabHshing Constraints and Opportunities 3-10
3.4.5 Analyses 3-11
3.4.6 Identification and Selection of Management Options 3-11
THE PROCEDURAL ELEMENTS OF SUBWATERSHED PLAN
3.5
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION 3-12
3.5.1 Setting the Stage 3-12
3.5.2 Aligning the Interests 3-14
3.5.3 Preparing the Plan 3-17
3.5.4 Adopting the Plan 3-17
3.6 THE STEERING COMMITTEE 3-18
MONITORING PROGRAMS
3.7 3-19
3.8 PUBUC PARTICIPATION 3-19
FUNDING
3.9 3-21
INTRODUCTION
4.1 4-1
4.1.1 Training Objectives 4-1
4.1.2 Background 4-1
— 4.1.3 Provincial directions in Water Resource Management 4-2
T ^4.1.4 Overview 4-4
lyl' MlK,lvcifAL
4.2 HISTORY OF WATERSHED PLANNING 4-5
4.3 MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 4-9
4.3.1 Flooding 4-9
4.3.2 Baseflow 4-9
4.3.3 Water Quality 4-10
4.3.4 Erosion 4-10
ii
4.4 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MUNICIPAL LAND USE PLANNING
AND WATER RESOURCE PLANNING PROCESSES 4-13
4.5 POLICIES ADDRESSING WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN
THE MUNICIPAL LAND USE PLANNING PROCESS 4-14
4.5.1 Specific Policies 4-14
4.6 IMPLEMENTATION 4-16
SUMMARY
4.7 4-18
^
5.1 INTRODUCTION 5-1
5.1.1 Training Objectives 5-1
5.1.2 Background 5-1
5.2 BASIC HYDROLOGY 5-2
5.2.1 The Hydrologic Cycle 5-2
5.2.2 The Rainfall-Runoff Process 5-2
5.3 RAINFALL-RUNOFF ANALYSIS 5-4
5.3.1 Basic Concepts in Analysis 5-5
5.3.2 Precipitation Analysis 5-6
5.3.3 Methods for Determining Runoff 5-10
5.4 HYDROLOGIC ROUTING ANALYSIS 5-13
5.4.1 Surface Routing Models 5-13
5.4.2 Channel Routing 5-16
5.5 SINGLE EVENT AND CONTINUOUS SIMULATION METHODS 5-20
iii