Status reports of the fisheries and aquatic resources of Western Australia 2011/12

376 Pages·2013·8.99 MB·English

Status reports of the fisheries and aquatic
resources of Western Australia 2011/12
State of the fisheries

Status reports of the fisheries and aquatic
resources of Western Australia 2011/12
State of the fisheries
Edited by W.J. Fletcher and K. Santoro
Produced by the Fisheries Research Division based at the WA Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories
Published by the Department of Fisheries
3rd Floor, The Atrium
168 St Georges Terrace
Perth WA 6000
Website: www.fish.wa.gov.au
ABN: 55 689 794 771

ISSN 2200-7849 (Print)
ISSN 2200-7857 (Online)

Suggested citation format:

Entire report:
Fletcher, W.J. and Santoro, K. (eds). 2012. Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of Western Australia 2011/12: The
State of the Fisheries. Department of Fisheries, Western Australia.
Individual status report:
Hart, A., Brown, J., Fabris, F. and Warnbrunn, A. 2012. Roe’s Abalone Fishery Status Report. In: Status Reports of the Fisheries
and Aquatic Resources of Western Australia 2011/12: The State of the Fisheries eds. W.J. Fletcher and K. Santoro, Department of
Fisheries, Western Australia, pp. 49-61.
CONTENTS
OVERVIEW FROM THE DIRECTOR Exmouth Gulf Prawn Managed Fishery
GENERAL ........................................................... 1 Status Report ............................................ 140
EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION ............................. 2 Gascoyne Demersal Scalefish Fishery
HOW TO USE THIS VOLUME ......................... 3 Status Report ............................................ 146
OVERVIEW OF THE STATUS OF KEY Inner Shark Bay Scalefish Fishery Status
ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES (ASSETS) .......... 9 Report ...................................................... 154
ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE AND Gascoyne Coast Blue Swimmer Crab
BIODIVERSITY .............................................. 9 Fishery Status Report ............................... 161
GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AQUACULTURE ........................................ 167
IMPACTS....................................................... 10 COMPLIANCE AND COMMUNITY
WEST COAST BIOREGION ............................ 25 EDUCATION .............................................. 167
ABOUT THE BIOREGION ........................... 25 NORTH COAST BIOREGION ...................... 171
SUMMARY OF FISHING AND ABOUT THE BIOREGION ........................ 171
AQUACULTURE ACTIVITIES ................... 25 SUMMARY OF FISHING AND
ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT ................... 25 AQUACULTURE ACTIVITIES ................. 171
ECOSYSTEM BASED FISHERIES ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT ................ 172
MANAGEMENT ........................................... 26 ECOSYSTEM BASED FISHERIES
INTRODUCED PESTS STATUS REPORT .. 36 MANAGEMENT ......................................... 172
FISHERIES .................................................... 37 INTRODUCED PESTS STATUS REPORT 178
West Coast Rock Lobster Fishery Status FISHERIES .................................................. 179
Report ......................................................... 37 North Coast Prawn Managed Fisheries
Roe’s Abalone Fishery Status Report ........ 49 Status Report ............................................ 179
Abrolhos Islands and Mid West, South North Coast Nearshore and Estuarine
West Trawl Managed Fisheries and Fishery Status Report ............................... 191
South Coast Trawl Fishery Status Report .. 62 North Coast Demersal Fisheries Status
West Coast Blue Swimmer Crab Fishery Report ...................................................... 198
Status Report .............................................. 68 Mackerel Managed Fishery Report:
West Coast Deep Sea Crab (Interim) Statistics Only .......................................... 218
Managed Fishery Status Report ................. 76 Northern Shark Fisheries Status Report .. 222
West Coast Nearshore and Estuarine Pearl Oyster Managed Fishery Status
Finfish Resources Status Report ................ 80 Report ...................................................... 229
West Coast Purse Seine Fishery Report: Beche-de-mer Fishery Status Report ....... 235
Statistics Only ............................................ 98 North Coast Crab Fishery Status Report . 239
West Coast Demersal Scalefish Resource AQUACULTURE ........................................ 246
Status Report ............................................ 100 COMPLIANCE AND COMMUNITY
Octopus Fishery Status Report ................. 111 EDUCATION .............................................. 247
AQUACULTURE ........................................ 116 SOUTH COAST BIOREGION ....................... 250
COMPLIANCE AND COMMUNITY ABOUT THE BIOREGION ........................ 250
EDUCATION ............................................... 117 SUMMARY OF FISHING AND
GASCOYNE COAST BIOREGION ............... 121 AQUACULTURE ACTIVITIES ................. 250
ABOUT THE BIOREGION ......................... 121 ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT ................ 250
SUMMARY OF FISHING AND ECOSYSTEM BASED FISHERIES
AQUACULTURE ACTIVITIES ................. 121 MANAGEMENT ......................................... 251
ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT ................. 122 FISHERIES .................................................. 255
ECOSYSTEM BASED FISHERIES South Coast Crustacean Fisheries
MANAGEMENT ......................................... 122 Report: Statistics Only ............................. 255
FISHERIES .................................................. 130 Greenlip/Brownlip Abalone Fishery
Shark Bay Prawn and Scallop Managed Status Report ............................................ 258
Fisheries Status Report............................. 130 South Coast Nearshore and Estuarine
Finfish Resources Status Report .............. 266
STATUS REPORTS OF THE FISHERIES AND AQUATIC RESOURCES OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA 2011/12 i
South Coast Purse Seine Fishery Report: COMPLIANCE AND COMMUNITY
Statistics Only .......................................... 279 EDUCATION .............................................. 321
Temperate Demersal Gillnet and STATEWIDE .................................................. 324
Demersal Longline Fisheries Status ECOSYSTEM BASED FISHERIES
Report ....................................................... 282 MANAGEMENT ......................................... 324
South Coast Demersal Scalefish FISHERIES .................................................. 326
Resource Report: Statistics Only ............. 295 Marine Aquarium Fish Managed Fishery
AQUACULTURE ........................................ 298 Report: Statistics Only ............................. 326
COMPLIANCE AND COMMUNITY Specimen Shell Managed Fishery Status
EDUCATION ............................................... 298 Report ...................................................... 328
NORTHERN INLAND BIOREGION............. 301 APPENDICES ................................................. 331
ABOUT THE BIOREGION ......................... 301 APPENDIX 1 ............................................... 331
SUMMARY OF FISHING AND Fisheries Research Division staff
AQUACULTURE ACTIVITIES ................. 301 publications 2010/11 ................................ 331
ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT ................. 301 APPENDIX 2 ............................................... 335
ECOSYSTEM BASED FISHERIES Table of catches from fishers’ statutory
MANAGEMENT ......................................... 301 monthly returns for 2010/11 .................... 335
FISHERIES .................................................. 303 APPENDIX 3 ............................................... 342
Lake Argyle Silver Cobbler Fishery Research Division - Other Activities ....... 342
Report: Statistics Only ............................. 303 Activities of the Pemberton Freshwater
AQUACULTURE ........................................ 305 Research Centre 2011/12 ......................... 342
COMPLIANCE AND COMMUNITY Activities of the Fish Health Unit during
EDUCATION ............................................... 306 2011/12 .................................................... 345
SOUTHERN INLAND BIOREGION ............. 309 Activities of the Biosecurity Group
ABOUT THE BIOREGION ......................... 309 during 2011/12 ......................................... 346
SUMMARY OF FISHING AND Indian Ocean Territories Fishery Status
AQUACULTURE ACTIVITIES ................. 309 Report ...................................................... 348
ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT ................. 309 Finfish Ageing Laboratory ...................... 354
ECOSYSTEM BASED FISHERIES APPENDIX 4 ............................................... 357
MANAGEMENT ......................................... 309 Annual performance for commercial
FISHERIES .................................................. 313 fisheries subject to export approval under
Licensed South-West Recreational the Commonwealth Government’s
Freshwater Angling Fishery Report: Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Statistics only ........................................... 313 Conservation Act 1999 ............................ 357
Licensed Recreational Marron Fishery APPENDIX 5 ............................................... 366
Report ....................................................... 315 Fisheries Research Division staff adjunct
AQUACULTURE ........................................ 321 positions and supervision of students ...... 366
GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS ................... 368

ii DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES
OVERVIEW FROM THE DIRECTOR
GENERAL
The Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of assessed as posing only negligible or minor risks to bycatch
Western Australia provide the public with an annual update species, protected species, habitats or the broader ecosystem.
on the state of the fish and other aquatic resources of Western The small number of fisheries which have generated risks to
Australia managed by the Department. These reports outline these non-‘capture species’, and therefore require direct
the cumulative risk status for each of the ecological resources management, continue to meet their annual performance
(assets) within WA’s six Bioregions using an Ecosystem- targets or have targeted research programs to reduce their
Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) approach. This world interactions. The only ecosystems and component species in
leading approach details all the fisheries and fishing-related WA considered to be at unacceptable levels continue to be
activities within each of the Bioregions but also includes the estuarine and river systems of the south west region.
analyses and reports on the activities and processes These risks are not the result of fishing related activities.
undertaken by the Department to manage the broader aquatic
The report also documents that the vast majority of Western
environment, such as habitats and ecosystems.
Australia’s significant fisheries continue to be in a healthy
The Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of condition. For the first time all (100%) of managed fisheries
Western Australia essentially summarise the outcomes of had catches that are considered to be appropriate based on the
Departmental activities undertaken during 2011/12 and status of the stocks involved and the current environmental
preceding years. It documents recent changes to and market conditions. Moreover, approximately 94% of
management or policy settings, compliance and education commercial fisheries are now targeting stocks where no
operations, the assessment and monitoring of stock levels and additional management is required to either maintain or
ecosystem condition. This document should, therefore, achieve an acceptable breeding stock level. The research
provide a valuable reference point for the current status of program to examine the status of the herring stocks in south
Western Australian aquatic resources including those of west WA will be soon available to determine whether this
major importance to the commercial and recreational fishing stock is at acceptable levels.
sectors, the aquaculture industry, the tourism industry, and
A summary report from this document is included in the
for those in the community interested in the overall health of
Department’s Annual Report to Parliament, which includes
the aquatic environment.
the Department’s non-financial (fishery) performance
Western Australia is one of the first fisheries jurisdictions in indicators. The Annual Report is available through the
the world to fully implement a comprehensive and practical Department’s website (www.fish.wa.gov.au).
EBFM framework. EBFM provides a thorough, risk based
I would like to take this opportunity to express my
framework for the overall management of aquatic resources
appreciation to all Departmental staff who contributed to this
because it explicitly considers all ecological resources and
important, annual performance review of WA’s aquatic
community values within a Bioregion to determine which
resources. In addition, many commercial and recreational
may require direct management intervention. This approach
fishers, science collaborators and other stakeholders
is expected to provide the Department with a good basis for
throughout the State are to be commended for their positive
progressing the third party certification initiative that has
support for the Department’s monitoring and research
recently been announced by the WA Government.
programs and management initiatives, without which such a
It is pleasing that a key finding from these reports is that the high level of sustainability would not be achieved.
risk to most aquatic ecological resources in Western Australia

are currently at acceptable levels. Given the comprehensive
systems of management that are in place, fishing in WA does
not present an unacceptable risk to the marine, estuarine and
freshwater ecosystems underpinning them. The fishing
methods that may affect the habitat (e.g. trawling) are highly Stuart Smith
regulated with over 90% of WA coastline effectively Director General
protected from these types of activities. The overwhelming
October 2012
majority of Western Australian fisheries have also been

STATUS REPORTS OF THE FISHERIES AND AQUATIC RESOURCES OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA 2011/12 1
EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION
The Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of access to vessels and information which are essential to the
Western Australia 2011/12 uses the Ecosystem Based generation of many of the status reports presented in this
Fisheries Management (EBFM) framework which is now the document. The input from other science groups from WA,
basis for management of Western Australia’s aquatic other parts of Australia and internationally is also
resources (Fletcher, et al., 2010, 20121). Consequently, the acknowledged. There has been an increasing trend over the
format for this document is fully consistent with the past decade for collaborative research projects to be
implementation of a risk-based approach to resource undertaken to assist in the development of new monitoring
management (Fletcher 20122). and assessment techniques or to help further our
understanding of issues that affect management (e.g.
The introductory section for each Bioregion outlines each of
determining the causes of the recent low rock lobster
the key ecological resources (assets) within the region and
puerulus settlement levels).
summarises their current overall (cumulative) risk status.
The assets that are examined in each bioregion include each While the Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic
of the IMCRA3 meso-scale ecosystems plus the key habitats, Resources of Western Australia 2011/12 provides the general
captured species and protected species categories. There is public, interested fishers and other stakeholders with a ready
also a section for the external drivers, such as climate change, reference source, it also meets the reporting requirements of
coastal development and introduced pests/diseases, which the Department, including the need to annually report on the
may affect the Department’s ability to effectively manage ‘state of fisheries managed under’ the FRMA4 to the Western
WA’s aquatic resources. Australian Parliament and to the Commonwealth
Government, on the performance of fisheries that are relevant
For each Bioregion the set of individual fishery reports are
under their EPBC Act.
now resource-based rather than activity (sector) based. Each
of the different fisheries accessing the same category of The report is directly accessible on the Department’s website
ecological assets is now covered in a single report (e.g. West (www.fish.wa.gov.au/docs/sof), where users are encouraged
Coast Nearshore and Estuarine Finfish) with each report to download relevant sections for personal use. If quoting
containing descriptions of all the commercial and recreational from the document, please give appropriate acknowledgment
activities.Taking a Bioregional approach to the management using the citation provided at the front of the report.
of ecological assets ensures that the aggregate catch
Finally, I would like to thank all of my Departmental
harvested from each stock is identified to enable their
colleagues across all Divisions who have assisted in the
cumulative effect to be assessed. This approach is also
production of this volume and its many status reports. Thanks
consistent with the Department’s IFM initiative and the
are once again due to Ms Karen Santoro who has managed
dtructure of the reports should enable readers to more easily
both the coordination and publication processes to enable the
assess the interrelationships between fisheries and how the
production of this important report.
catch is shared among sectors.
The long-standing involvement by our commercial,
recreational and aquaculture stakeholders in specific research
projects and monitoring programs is recognised. This
includes the provision of logbook data, biological samples,

Dr Rick Fletcher

Executive Director Research
1 W.J. Fletcher, J. Shaw, S.J. Metcalf & D.J. Gaughan
October 2012.
(2010) An Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management
framework: the efficient, regional-level planning tool for
management agencies. Marine Policy 34 (2010) 1226–
1238
Fletcher, W.J., Gaughan, D.J., Shaw, J. and Metcalf, S.J.
(2012) Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management: Case
Study Report West Coast Bioregion. Fisheries Research
Report No. 212, Department of Fisheries, Western
Australia 104p.
2 Fletcher, W.J., (2012) National Application of Sustainability
Indicators for Australian Fisheries- Part 2: Ecosystem
based frameworks for aquaculture, multi-fishery and
international applications. FRDC Report – Project
2000/145 Part 2. Fisheries Research Report No 235
Department of Fisheries, Western Australia.
3 Commonwealth of Australia (2006) A guide to the Integrated
Marine and Coastal Regionalisation of Australia - version

4.0 June 2006 (IMCRA v4.0).
http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/mbp/publications/im
cra/pubs/imcra4.pdf 4
Section 263 of the FRMA.
2 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES
HOW TO USE THIS VOLUME
To obtain full benefit from the information provided in this It now also has a section that outlines the current risk status
edition of the Status Reports of Fisheries and Aquatic of each of the high level, ecological resources/assets located
Resources of Western Australia, readers need to understand within each Bioregion (see below).
various terms and headings used in the text and summarised

in the fishery status overview table (which also appeared in
the Department of Fisheries Annual Report 2011/12 to Assessment of Regional Level
Parliament) and especially those associated with the
Ecological Resources (Assets) in
ecological resource level reports.
each Bioregion
The terms and headings are a combination of the reporting
structures first outlined in the national Ecologically
Consistent with the adoption of the EBFM framework for
Sustainable Development (ESD) reporting structure (Fletcher
each bioregion we have identified the high level set of
et al. 2002)1, plus the more recent Ecosystem Based Fisheries
ecological resources/assets that are to be managed under the
Management (EBFM) framework (Fletcher et al. 2010)2 and
FRMA (see Introduction Figure 2). The ecological
Resource Assessment Framework (DoF, 2011)3. In addition
resources/assets in each Bioregion include the ecosystems
to the explanations provided below, acronyms are expanded
and their constituent habitats, captured species and protected
at their first occurrence in a section of the text and are also
species. The potential complexity of EBFM is dealt with by
listed in a glossary at the end of the volume.
using a step-wise, risk-based approach to integrate the
individual issues identified and information gathered into a
form that can be used by the Department. Similarly, the
Bioregions
levels of knowledge needed for each of the issues only need
As noted above, with the adoption of the EBFM approach, to be appropriate to the risk and the level of precaution
readers need to note the fully bioregional structure of this adopted by management. Implementing EBFM does not,
report. A ‘Bioregion’ refers to a region defined by common therefore, automatically generate the need to collect more
oceanographic characteristics in its marine environment or by ecological, social or economic data or require the
climate/rainfall characteristics in its inland river systems. development of complex ‘ecosystem’ models, it only requires
the consideration of each of these elements to determine
The marine bioregional boundaries used here are broadly
which (if any) required direct management to achieve
consistent with “A guide to The Integrated Marine and
acceptable performance. Full details of how the EBFM
Coastal Regionalisation of Australia” - version 4.0 June 2006 process is undertaken are presented in Fletcher et al. (2012)5
(IMCRA v4.0)4 except for the inclusion of the Gascoyne
with a summary description outlined below.
Coast as a separate Bioregion, reflecting its nature as the
transition zone between tropical and temperate waters. Ecosystems: Within each Bioregion, one or more
ecosystems, as defined by the IMCRA process, were
The precise boundaries of the Bioregions reflect functional
identified with some of these further divided into estuarine
geographic separations and data recording systems. Each
and marine ecosystems where relevant.
individual Bioregion has been provided with a general
introduction outlining the main features of its aquatic Habitats: The habitat assets in each Bioregion were divided
environment, plus the major commercial and recreational into estuarine and marine categories and again where
fisheries and aquaculture industries that operate in the area. necessary the latter category was further divided into
nearshore and offshore components.
Captured Fish: The captured fish were subdivided into
finfish, crustaceans and molluscs with each of these further

divided into estuarine/embayments, nearshore, inshore and

offshore demersal and pelagic (finfish only) suites (see also
1 Fletcher, W.J., Chesson, J., Fisher, M., Sainsbury, K.J., DoF, 2011).
Hundloe, T., Smith, A.D.M. and Whitworth, B. 2002.
Protected Species: This category was subdivided into
National ESD reporting framework for Australian fisheries:
protected ‘fish’ (e.g. White Sharks) and protected ‘non-fish’
The ‘how to’ guide for wild capture fisheries. Fisheries
Research and Development Corporation (FRDC) project as defined in the FRMA (e.g. mammals).
2000/145, ESD Reporting and Assessment Subprogram,
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation,

Canberra.
2 Fletcher, W.J., Shaw, J., Metcalf, S.J. & D.J. Gaughan (2010)
An Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management framework:
the efficient, regional-level planning tool for management

agencies. Marine Policy 34 (2010) 1226–1238
5 Fletcher, W.J., (2012) National Application of Sustainability
3 Department of Fisheries (2011) Resource Assessment Indicators for Australian Fisheries- Part 2: Ecosystem
Framework for Finfish Resources in Western Australia. based frameworks for aquaculture, multi-fishery and
Fisheries Occasional Publication. No. 85 24pp. international applications. FRDC Report – Project
4http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/mbp/publications/imcra 2000/145 Part 2. Fisheries Research Report No 235
/pubs/imcra4.pdf Department of Fisheries, Western Australia.
STATUS REPORTS OF THE FISHERIES AND AQUATIC RESOURCES OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA 2011/12 3
HOW TO USE THIS VOLUME
Risk Assessment Status environmental effects or recruit survival, not the level of the
breeding stock.
The risks associated with each individual ecological asset are
Recovering: reflects situations where the parental biomass
examined separately using formal qualitative risk assessment
has previously been depleted to unacceptable levels by
(consequence x likelihood) or more-simple problem
assessment processes, as detailed in Fletcher (2005, 2010)1. fishing or some other event (e.g. the virus attacks on
pilchards in the 1990s) but is now considered to be
This enables the analysis of risk (using a five year time
recovering at an acceptable rate due to management action
horizon) for objectives related to captured species, habitat
and/or natural processes.
and community structure/ecosystem sustainability, plus
social and economic outcomes to be completed in a practical Inadequate: reflects situations where excessive fishing
and consistent manner (Introduction Table 1). pressure (catch) or some external event has caused parental
biomass to fall to levels where the breeding stock is depleted
The accepted international definition of risk is “the
to levels that may affect recruitment and management of the
uncertainty associated with achieving objectives” (ISO,
2009)2, therefore any uncertainties from a lack of specific stock is not currently in an acceptable recovery phase (often
called recruitment overfished if caused by fishing).
data are explicitly incorporated into the assessment enabling
the calculation of risk to be completed with whatever data are
available. All risk scoring considers both current level of
Retained Species (Stock
activities and management controls already in place or
planned. Assessment Methods)
Within each Bioregion, the EBFM process initially identified
In only some cases is the breeding stock directly measured.
hundreds of separate ecological assets, social, economic and
In most cases a variety of indirect measures are used. Each of
governance issues and risks3. This complexity has been
the status reports now clearly identifies what type of stock
addressed by first assessing each of the individual risks and
assessment method(s) have been used to determine the status
then consolidating these into bioregional or category level
of stocks. The specific methods used for monitoring and
risks. The Department’s primary objective is to manage the
assessment vary among stocks and indicator species which is
sustainability of the community’s ecological assets from
affected by many factors including the level of ecological
which economic or social outcomes are generated. Therefore
risk, the biology and the population dynamics of the relevant
the various ecological, social and economic risks and values
species; the type, size and value of the fishery exploiting the
associated with each of these ecological assets are integrated
species; data availability and historical level of monitoring.
using a multi-criteria analysis into approximately 80
The methods therefore vary from the relatively simple
Departmental-level priorities distributed across the six
analysis of catch levels and catch rates, through to more
Bioregions.
sophisticated analyses that involve sampling of the catch
(fishing mortality), direct surveys up to highly complex and
expensive age structured simulation models. The range of
Breeding stock status
methods have been categorised into five broad levels:
The assessments of breeding stock for captured species are Level 1 Catch data only
undertaken using a number of techniques to determine if the
Level 2 Level 1 plus fishery-dependent effort or
stock is considered to be at an adequate level or not (see
other relative abundance data
below).
Level 3 Levels 1 and/or 2 plus fishery-dependent
Adequate: reflects levels of parental biomass of a stock
biological sampling of landed catch (e.g.
where annual variability in recruitment of new individuals
average size; fishing mortality, etc.
(recruits) to the stock is considered to be mostly a function of
estimated from representative samples)

Level 4 Levels 1, 2 or 3 plus fishery-independent

surveys of relative abundance,
1 Fletcher W.J. (2005) Application of Qualitative Risk exploitation rate, recruitment etc.
Assessment Methodology to Prioritise Issues for Fisheries
Level 5 Levels 1 to 3 and/or 4 integrated within a
Management. ICES Journal of Marine Research 2005;
simulation, stock assessment model.
62:1576-1587
Fletcher W.J. (2010) Planning processes for the management Multi species assessments: For each marine bioregion,
of the tuna fisheries of the Western and Central Pacific each species of finfish and invertebrate is now allocated to
Region using an Ecosystem Approach. Forum Fisheries one of five ‘suites’ estuarine, nearshore, inshore demersal,
Agency, Honiara. Facilitators version 6.1 January 2010, offshore demersal or pelagic (DoF, 20114). For each of these
61pp http://www.fisheries- suites one or more ‘indicator species’ (which in general
esd.com/a/pdf/EAFM%20BASED%20GUIDE%20FOR%20 usually includes the most vulnerable species in the suite)
TMP%20DEVELOPMENT%20v6%201.pdf have been selected to reflect the status of the entire suite. If
2 AS/NZS ISO 31000 (2009) Risk management – Principles one or more indicator species is considered to be at risk, the
and guidelines. Sydney, Australia: Standards Australia. entire suite is considered to be at risk.

3 Fletcher, W.J., Shaw, J., Gaughan, D.J. and Metcalf, S.J.
2011 Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management case study
report – West Coast Bioregion. Fisheries Research Report 4 Department of Fisheries (2011) Resource Assessment
No. 225. Department of Fisheries, Western Australia. Framework for Finfish Resources in Western Australia.
116pp. Fisheries Occasional Publication. No. 85 24pp.
4 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES