Trends in Mathematics is a series devoted to the publication of volumes arising from conferences and lecture series focusing on a particular topic from any area of mathematics. Its aim is to make current developments available to the community as rapidly as possible without compromise to quality and to archive these for reference. Proposals for volumes can be sent to the Mathematics Editor at either Birkhauser Verlag P.O. Box 133 CH-4010 Basel Switzerland or Birkhauser Boston Inc. 675 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 USA Material submitted for publication must be screened and prepared as follows: All contributions should undergo a reviewing process similar to that carried out by journals and be checked for correct use of language which, as a rule, is English. Articles without proofs, or which do not contain any significantly new results, should be rejected. High quality survey papers, however, are welcome. 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Statistics in Genetics and in the Environmental Sciences Luisa Turrin Femholz Stephan Morgenthaler Wemer Stahel Editors Springer Base} AG Editors. addresses: Luisa Turrin Fernholz Stephan Morgenthaler Werner Stahel Department of Statistics Department of Mathematics Seminar for Statistics Temple University Swiss Federal Institute Swiss Federal Institute Speakman Hali 006-00 of Technology of Technology Philadelphia, PA 19122 EPFL-DMA ETH-SOL USA 1015 Lausanne 8092 lOrich Switzerland Switzerland [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification 62P10, 62P12, 62-06 A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress, Washington D.C., USA Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloging-in-Publication Data Statistics in genetics and in the environmental sciences: [proceedings of a workshop held in Monte Verita] / [Temple University ... ]. Luisa Turrin Fernholz ... ed. -Basel ; Boston; Berlin: Birkhăuser, 2001 (Trends in mathematics) ISBN 978-3-0348-9518-7 ISBN 978-3-0348-8326-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-0348-8326-9 This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is con cerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use permission of the copyright owner must be obtained. © 2001 Springer Basel AG Originally published by Birkhiiuser Verlag, Basel -Boston -Berlin in 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 2001 Cover picture taken from http://sn-callisto.jsc.nasa.gov, the website of the NASA - Johnson Space Center Printed on acid-Iree paper produced Irom chlorine-Iree pulp. TCF 00 ISBN 978-3-0348-9518-7 987654321 www.birkhauser-science.com Foreword Statistics is strongly tied to applications in different scientific disciplines, and the most challenging statistical problems arise from problems in the sciences. In fact, the most innovative statistical research flows from the needs of applications in diverse settings. This volume is a testimony to the crucial role that statistics plays in scientific disciplines such as genetics and environmental sciences, among others. The articles in this volume range from human and agricultural genetic DNA research to carcinogens and chemical concentrations in the environment and to space debris and atmospheric chemistry. Also included are some articles on statistical methods which are sufficiently general and flexible to be applied to many practical situations. The papers were refereed by a panel of experts and the editors of the volume. The contributions are based on the talks presented at the Workshop on Statistics and the Sciences, held at the Centro Stefano Franscini in Ascona, Switzerland, during the week of May 23 to 28, 1999. The meeting was jointly organized by the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology in Lausanne and Zurich, with the financial support of the Minerva Research Foundation. As the presentations at the workshop helped the participants recognize the po tential role that statistics can play in the sciences, we hope that this volume will help the reader to focus on the central role of statistics in the specific areas presented here and to extrapolate the results to further applications. We would like to thank the authors of the articles for making this volume possible and the referees for their conscientious reports. Our appreciation and gratitude is extended to all the speakers, session chairs, and participants of the Ascona 1999 workshop for making the conference a successful and productive event. A full list of participants and speakers is given below. We extend our thank'l to the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology of Lausanne and Zurich for helping organize this workshop, the Centro Stefano Franscini in Ascona for hosting the event, and the Minerva Research Foundation for the financial support. Last but not least the editors would like to thank Mrs. Anne Lise Choulat for her fine job in bringing these papers together in a unified format. November 2000 Luisa T. Fernholz Stephan Morgenthaler Werner Stahel List of Authors and Coauthors ADROVER Jorge, Universidad Nacional de C6rdoba, C6rdoba, Argentina AMARATUNGA Dhammika, The R.W. Johnson, Pharmaceutical Research In stitute, Route 202, P.O. Box 300, Raritan, NJ 08869-0602, USA BASFORD Kaye, School of Land and Food, The University of Queensland, Bris bane, Qld 4072, Australia BECKER Claudia, Fachbereich Statistik, Universitiit Dortmund, Vogelpothsweg 87,44221 Dortmund, Germany BIANCO Ana, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1426 Buenos Aires, Argentina BOENTE Graciela, Departamento de Matematicas - FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria - Pab 1, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina BRILLINGER David R., Department of Statistics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3860, USA CABRERA Javier, Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA FIELD Christopher, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie Uni versity, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3J5, Canada FYGENSON Mendel, Marshall School of Business, University of Southern Cal ifornia, Bridge Hall, 401 W, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1421, USA GATHER Ursula, Fachbereich Statistik, Universitiit Dortmund, Vogelpothsweg 87,44221 Dortmund, Germany HERRERO Pablo, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Bldg. 16-777, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA HILKER Torsten, Fachbereich Statistik, Universitiit Dortmund, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44221 Dortmund, Germany HUBERT Mia, Computer Services, Depart. of Educ. and Research, UFSIA, Prinsstraat 10, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium KORN Leo R., University of Medicine and Denistry - ECM N 124, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854-5635, USA MORGENTHALER Stephan, Departement de mathematiques, Ecole polyt ech nique federale de Lausanne, MA-Ecublens, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland List of Authors and Coauthors vii ORELLANA Liliana, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Ar gentina ROUSSEEUW Peter J., Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerpen (UIA), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium SHENG Xiaoming, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G1, Canada STAEHELIN Johannes, Institute for Atmospheric Sciences, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Honggerberg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland STAHEL Werner A., Seminar fUr Statistik, Eidgenossische Technische Hoch schule Zurich, ETH-Zentrum - SOL, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland THILLY William G., Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts A venue, Bldg. 16-777, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA TYLER David E., Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, Hill Center - Busch Campus, Piscataway, NJ 08855-0909, USA VAN AELST Stefan, Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerpen (UIA), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium YOHAI Victor J., Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Libertador 5256, Piso 7 (A), 1426 Buenos Aires, Argentina List of Participants • AMARATUNGA Dhammika, The R. W. Johnson, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Route 202, P.O. Box 300, Raritan, NJ 08869-0602, USA [email protected] • BASFORD Kaye, School of Land and Food, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia [email protected] • BOENTE Graciela, Departamento de Matematicas - FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria - Pab 1, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina [email protected] • BRILLINGER David R., Department of Statistics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3860, USA [email protected] • CHANG Theodore c., Division of Statistics, University of Virginia, 103 Halsey Hall - Cabell Drive, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA [email protected] • DUPUIS Debbie J., Dept. of Engineering Mathematics, Da1Tech, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 1000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3J 2X4, Canada [email protected] • FERNHOLZ Luisa, Department of Statistics, Temple University, Speakman Hall 006-00, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA [email protected] • FIELD Christopher, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3J5, Canada [email protected] • FRODA Sorana, D'epartement de mathematiques, Univcrsite du Quebec, o.P. 8888, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3P8, Canada froda@math. uqam.ca • FYGENSON Mendel, Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Bridge Hall, 401W, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1421, USA [email protected] • GAMPE Jutta, FB Wirtschaft, FH Osnabriick, Postfach 194, 49009 Osna bruck, Germany [email protected] List of Participants ix • GARCIA BEN Marta, Departamento de Matematicas - FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria - Pab 1, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina mgben@dm. uba.ar • GATHER Ursula, Fachbereich Statistik, Universitiit Dortmund, Vogelpoth sweg 87, 44221 Dortmund, Germany [email protected] • GENTON Marc G., Department of Statistics - 209-D, North Carolina State University, Box 8203 Raleigh, NC 27695-8203, USA [email protected] • HAMILTON David c., Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3J5, Canada [email protected] • HAMPEL Frank, Seminar fur Statistik, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, ETH-Zentrum - SOL, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland [email protected] • HAUSCHEL Elaine, Dep. of Computer Science, Math. and Physics, Missouri Western State College, 4525 Downs Drive, St. Joseph, MO 64507, USA [email protected] • HENDRIKS Harrie, Department of Mathematics, University of Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [email protected] • HUBERT Mia, Computer Services, Depart. of Educ. and Research, UFSIA, Prinsstraat 10, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium [email protected] • KELMANSKY Diana Mabel, Instituto de Calculo - FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellon 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina [email protected] • KORN Leo R., University of Medicine and Dcnistry - ECM N 124, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854-5635, USA [email protected] • LISCHER Peter, ConStat Consulting, Ahornweg 46, 3095 Spiegel b. Bern Switzerland [email protected] • MARAZZI Alfio, Institut universitaire de medecine sociale et preventive, IUMSP, Universite de Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 17, 1005 Lausanne, Switzer land [email protected] x List of Participants • MARONNA Ricardo A., Department of Mathematics, University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina [email protected] • MARTINEZ Elena Julia, Instituto de Calculo - FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellon 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina [email protected] • MENDOZA Carlos, Campus Morelos, ITESM, Apdo.Postal 5-392, Cuernavaca, Morelos G.P 62051, Mexico [email protected] • MILLS Joanna, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie Univer sity, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3J5, Canada [email protected] • MINDER Christoph, Sozial- und Praeventiv Medizin - ISPM, Universitat Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, 3012 Bern, Switzerland [email protected] • MORGENTHALER Stephan, Departement de matMmatiques, Ecole poly technique federale de Lausanne, MA-Ecublens, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland [email protected] • PAPRITZ Andreas, Institut fur terrestrische Oekologie, Eidgenossische Tech nische Hochschule Zurich, Grabenstr. 3, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland [email protected] • PISON Greet, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp (UIA) , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium [email protected] • PRITSCHER Lisa, Seminar fur Statistik, Eidgenossische Technische Hoch schule Zurich, ETH-Zentrum SOL F6, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland [email protected] • RESTLE Eva Maria, Departement de matMmatiques, Ecole polyt echnique federale de Lausanne, MA-Ecublens, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland [email protected] • RONCHETTI Elvezio, Departement d'Econometrie, Universite de GenBve, 102, bd Carl-Vogt - UNI Mail, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland [email protected] • ROUSSEEUW Peter J., Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerpen (UIA) , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium [email protected] • STAEHELIN Johannes, Institute for Atmospheric Sciences, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Honggerberg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland [email protected]