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Statistical Tools for Finance and Insurance PDF

175 Pages·2005·1.831 MB·English
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1 Statistical Tools in Finance and Insurance ˇ Pavel C´ıˇzek, Wolfgang H¨ardle, Rafal Weron November25,2003 2 Contents I Finance 9 1 Stable distributions in finance 11 Szymon Borak, Wolfgang H¨ardle, Rafal(cid:32) Weron 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.2 α-stable distributions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.2.1 Characteristic function representation . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.2.2 Simulation of α-stable variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.2.3 Tail behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.3 Estimation of parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.3.1 Tail exponent estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.3.2 Sample Quantiles Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1.3.3 Sample Characteristic Function Methods . . . . . . . . 23 1.4 Financial applications of α-stable laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2 Tail dependence 33 Rafael Schmidt 2.1 Tail dependence and copulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.2 Calculating the tail-dependence coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4 Contents 2.2.1 Archimedean copulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.2.2 Elliptically contoured distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.2.3 Other copulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.3 Estimating the tail-dependence coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2.4 Estimation and empirical results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3 Implied Trinomial Trees 55 Karel Komor´ad 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3.2 Basic Option Pricing Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 3.3 Trees and Implied Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3.4 ITT’s and Their Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 3.4.1 Basic insight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 3.4.2 State space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 3.4.3 Transition probabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 3.4.4 Possible pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3.4.5 Illustrative examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 3.5 Computing Implied Trinomial Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 3.5.1 Basic skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 3.5.2 Advanced features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 3.5.3 What is hidden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 4 Functional data analysis 89 Michal Benko, Wolfgang H¨ardle 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Contents 5 5 Nonparametric Productivity Analysis 91 Wolfgang Ha¨rdle, Seok-Oh Jeong 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 5.2 Nonparametric Hull Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 5.2.1 An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 5.2.2 Data Envelopment Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 5.2.3 Free Disposal Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 5.3 DEA in Practice : Insurance Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 5.4 FDH in Practice : Manufacturing Industry . . . . . . . . . . . 96 6 Money Demand Modelling 103 Noer Azam Achsani, Oliver Holtem¨oller and Hizir Sofyan 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 6.2 Money Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 6.2.1 General Remarks and Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 6.2.2 Econometric Specification of Money Demand Functions 105 6.2.3 Estimation of Indonesian Money Demand . . . . . . . . 108 6.3 Fuzzy Model Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 6.3.1 Fuzzy Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 6.3.2 Takagi-Sugeno Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 6.3.3 Model Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 6.3.4 Modelling Indonesian Money Demand . . . . . . . . . . 117 6.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 7 The exact LR test of the scale in the gamma family 125 Milan Stehl´ık 6 Contents 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 7.2 Computation the exact tests in the XploRe . . . . . . . . . . . 127 7.3 Illustrative examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 7.3.1 Time processing estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 7.3.2 Estimation with missing time-to-failure information . . 132 7.4 Implementation to the XploRe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 7.5 Asymptotical optimality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 7.6 Information and exact testing in the gamma family . . . . . . . 139 7.7 The Lambert W function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 7.8 Oversizing of the asymptotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 8 Pricing of catastrophe (CAT) bonds 147 Krzysztof Burnecki, Grzegorz Kukla,David Taylor 8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 9 Extreme value theory 149 Krzysztof Jajuga, Daniel Papla 9.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 10 Applying Heston’s stochastic volatility model to FX options markets151 Uwe Wystup, Rafal Weron 10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 11 Mortgage backed securities: how far from optimality 153 Nicolas Gaussel, Julien Tamine 11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 12 Correlated asset risk and option pricing 155 Contents 7 Wolfgang Ha¨rdle, Matthias Fengler, Marc Tisserand 12.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 II Insurance 157 13 Loss distributions 159 Krzysztof Burnecki,Grzegorz Kukla, Rafal Weron 13.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 14 Visualization of the risk process 161 Pawel Mista, Rafal Weron 14.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 15 Approximation of ruin probability 163 Krzysztof Burnecki, Pawel Mista, Aleksander Weron 15.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 16 Deductibles 165 KrzysztofBurnecki,JoannaNowicka-Zagrajek,AleksanderWeron,A.Wyl(cid:32)oman´ska 16.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 17 Premium calculation 167 Krzysztof Burnecki, Joanna Nowicka-Zagrajek, W. Otto 17.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 18 Premium calculation when independency and normality assumptions are relaxed 169 W. Otto 18.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 8 Contents 19 Joint decisions on premiums, capital invested in insurance company, rate of return on that capital and reinsurance 171 W. Otto 19.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 20 Stable Levy motion approximation in collective risk theory 173 Hansjoerg Furrer, Zbigniew Michna, Aleksander Weron 20.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 21 Diffusion approximations in risk theory 175 Zbigniew Michna 21.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Part I Finance

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