Static and Dynamic Properties of the Polymeric Solid State: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held at Glasgow, U.K., September 6–18,1981 PDF
Preview Static and Dynamic Properties of the Polymeric Solid State: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held at Glasgow, U.K., September 6–18,1981
Static and Dynamic Properties of the Polymeric Solid State NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTES SERIES Proceedings of the Advanced Study Institute Programme, which aims at the dissemination of advanced knowledge and the formation of contacts among scientists from different countries The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical D. Reidel Publishing Company and Physical Dordrecht, Boston and London Sciences D Behavioural and Social Sciences Martinus Nijhoff Publishers E Engineering and The Hague, London and Boston Materials Sciences F Computer and Springer Verlag Systems Sciences Heidelberg G Ecological Sciences Series C - Mathematical and Physical Sciences Volume 94 - Static and Dynamic Properties of the Polymeric Solid State Static and Dynamic Properties of the Polymeric Solid State Proceedings oft he NATO Advanced Study Institute, held at Glasgow, U.K., September 6-18, 1981 edited by R. A. PETHRICK and R. W. RICHARDS University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, u.K. D. Reidel Publishing Company Dordrecht: Holland / Boston: U.S.A. / London: England Publi~hed in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affair~ Division library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data NATO Advanced Study Institute (1981: Glasgow, Strathclyde) Static and dynamic properties of the polymeric solid state. (NATO advanced study institutes series. Series C, Mathematical and physical sciences; v. 94) Includes index. 1. Solid state chemistry-Congresses. 2. Polymers and polymerization- Congresses. I. Pethrick, R. A. (Richard Arthur), 1942- . II. Richards, R. W. (Randal William), 1948- III. Title. IV. Series. QD478.N37 1981 547.7 82-13266 ISBN-13: 978-94-009-7917-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-7915-4 DOI- 10.1007/978-94-009-7915-4 Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Holland Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Boston Inc., 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322,3300 AH Dordrecht, Holland D. Reidel Publishing Company is a member of the Kluwer Group Statement by U.S. Army and Navy: 'The views, opinions and/or findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official Department of the U.S. Army, or Navy, position, policy, or decision'. All Righ ts Reserved Copyright (c) 1982 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1982 and copyrightholdcrs as specified on appropriate pages within No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner CONTENTS Preface vii 'I'he Polymeric Solid State A.M. North Chain Statistics of Amorphous Polymers M. Daoud 15 Lectures on Polymer Dynamics S.F. Edwards 45 Structural Studies on Crystalline Polymers D.M. Sadler 81 Small Angle Light Scattering from the Polymeric Solid State R.S. Stein 109 Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) by Amorphous Polymers CI. Picot 127 The Mechanical Properties and Structure of Oriented Polymers I.M. WARD 173 Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Amorphous Polymers J. Heijboer 197 Dielectric Relaxation of Solid Polymers G. Williams 213 Acoustic Studies of Polymers R.A. Pethrick 241 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Solid Polymers: An Introduction F. Heatley 251 Local Molecular Motions in Bulk Polymers as Studied by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) L. Monnerie 271 vi CONTENTS Quasi-Elastic Light Scattering from Polymer Systems J.M. Vaughan 305 Quasielastic and Inelastic Neutron Scattering J.S. Higgins 349 Luminescence Polarization Methods for Studying Molecular Mobility and Orientation in Bulk Polymers L. Monnerie 383 Infrared and Raman Studies of the Polymeric Solid State P.c. Painter and M.M. Coleman 415 S E H I N A R S An Order-Disorder Theory of Stress Strain Behaviour of Glassy Polymers J. Skolnick 459 On the Adsorption of a Polymer Chain M.K. Kosmas 461 Small Angle Neutron Scattering from Styrene-Isoprene Block Copolymers R.W. Richards and J.L. Thomason 463 Small Angle Neutron Scattering Studies of Polymer Dimensions in Binary Blends J.S. Higgins 465 Inelastic & Quasielastic Neutron Scattering Studies of Polymethyl Methacrylate K. Ma 467 INDEX 469 PREFACE This volume contains the major portion of the material given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK., September 6th-18th, 1981. The original idea germin- ated in a conversation between the organisers on a cold December night in 1978 in the depths of the Oxfordshire countryside. At that time we felt that the chemical physics of macromolecules in the solid state was running on two parallel tracks, namely structure and dynamics. The contact between the two appeared to be slight. We were also concerned that the degree of srecial knowledge now required for any one technique essentially prevented people from learning the important features of other investigation methods. Consequently, we have attempted to bring together leading authorities on both structural and dynamic properties of solid polymers in the hope that the combination of both types of discussion will be synergistic. The choice of main subjects is our own and we are aware that some areas have been omitted. HOvlever, to be comprehensive would have made an already large volume enormous. Y'Je therefore chose to concentrate on what were, in our opinion, the major areas. Nonetheless, it is apparent that much ori~inal material appears here, especially in those contri- butions which are more theoretical in concent, the full experimental iMnlications of which have yet to be investigated. The lecture programme of the Study Institute was organised so that theory and experiment- al lectures ran in parallel and were accompanied by short seminars illustrative of the main themes, given by the participants. This arrangement has not been followed in this volume: theoretical papers are vii R. A. Pethrick and R. W. Richatds (eds.), Static and Dynamic Properties of the Polymeric Solid State, vii-viii. Copyright © 1982 by D. Reidel Publishing Company. PREFACE viii given first, followed by the experimentally oriented material of some of the seminars, which is included in a final section. We are grateful to the NATO Scientific Affairs Division which provided a grant to finance the Study Institute. Additional support was provided by the European Research Offices of the US Army and the US Navy whom we also thank. The Science and Engineering Research Council of the UK was very generous in providing additional funds directly to postgraduate research students enahling them to attend. Likewise, the National Science Foundation of the United States provided travel funds to some attendees from the US. Mr Peter Nelson and his staff at the Continuing Education Office relieved us of much paperwork and coped with all the emergencies, whilst the Domestic Bursars at the Strathclyde Business School were always helpful, whatever we requested! We would also like to record here our personal thanks to the lecturers on the course who gave their time willingly both in attending the course and in providing the texts here. We enjoyed their lectures and hope that this hook will be of as much interest to others as it is to us. R. \"l. Richards / R.A. Pethrick EDITORS NOTE Regrettably contributions were not received from Professor G. Allen, Professor D.J. Meier and Professor G. Wegner before the manuscript was sent to the publishers. Their contributions are therefore absent. R.A. Pethrick R.W. Richards May 1982 MAIN CONTRIBUTORS Sir G Allen, FRS Science & Engineering Research Council, PO Box 18, Swindon, UK. Dr. M Daoud SDSRP Orme des Merisiers, BP No.2, 91190, Gi~, France Sir Sam Edwards, FRS Cavendish Laboratories, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OHE, UK Dr. F Heatley Department o~ Chemistry, University o~ Manchester, Manchester, UK Dr. J Heijboer Central Laboratory, TNO, PO Box 71, Del~t, The Netherlands Dr. Julia Higgins Department o~ Chemical Eng- ineering, Imperial College, London, UK Pro~. D J Meier Michigan Molecular Institute, Midland, Michigan h86hO, USA Pro~. L Monnerie ESPCI, Laboratoire de Physieo- chemie Structurale et Macro- moleculaire, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France Pro~. A M North Department o~ Pure & Applied Chemistry, University o~ Strath- clyde, Glasgow, UK Pro~. P Painter Department o~ Materials Science, Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA Dr. R A Pethrick Department o~ Pure & Applied Chemistry, University o~ Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK Dr. C Picot CRM, 6 Rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg, France Dr. R W Richards Department o~ Pure & Applied Chemistry, University o~ Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK xi
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