Standard handbook of petroleum & natural gas engineering PDF
Preview Standard handbook of petroleum & natural gas engineering
Standard Handbook of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering SecondEdition This page intentionally left blank Standard Handbook of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering Second Edition Editors William C. Lyons, Ph.D., P.E. Gary J. Plisga, B.S. AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEWYORK • OXFORD PARIS • SANDIEGO • SANFRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO GulfProfessionalPublishingisanimprintofElsevier GulfProfessionalPublishingisanimprintofElsevier 200WheelerRoad,Burlington,MA01803,USA LinacreHouse,JordanHill,OxfordOX28DP,UK Copyright©2005,ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformor byanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermission ofthepublisher. PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRightsDepartmentinOxford, UK:phone:(+44)1865843830,fax:(+44)1865853333,e-mail:[email protected] yourrequeston-lineviatheElsevierhomepage(http://elsevier.com),byselecting“CustomerSupport”andthen “ObtainingPermissions.” Recognizingtheimportanceofpreservingwhathasbeenwritten,Elsevierprintsitsbooksonacid-freepaper wheneverpossible. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Standardhandbookofpetroleum&naturalgasengineering.—2nded./ editors,WilliamC.Lyons,GaryJ.Plisga. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0-7506-7785-6 1.Petroleumengineering.2.Naturalgas.I.Title:Standardhandbookof petroleumandnaturalgasengineering.II.Lyons,WilliamC.III.Plisga,GaryJ. TN870.S62332005 665.5–dc22 2004056285 BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN:0-7506-7785-6 ForinformationonallGulfProfessionalPublishing publicationsvisitourWebsiteatwww.gulfpp.com 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Contents ContributingAuthors vii 4.18 TubingandTubingStringDesign 4-467 Preface xi 4.19 CorrosioninDrillingandWell Completions 4-501 4.20 EnvironmentalConsiderationsforDrilling 1 Mathematics 1-1 Operations 4-545 1.1 General 1-2 4.21 OffshoreDrillingOperations 4-558 1.2 Geometry 1-2 1.3 Algebra 1-6 1.4 Trigonometry 1-8 5 ReservoirEngineering 5-1 1.5 DifferentialandIntegralCalculus 1-10 5.1 BasicPrinciples,Definitions,andData 5-2 1.6 AnalyticGeometry 1-16 5.2 FormationEvaluation 5-53 1.7 NumericalMethods 1-20 5.3 PressureTransientTestingofOiland 1.8 AppliedStatistics 1-31 GasWells 5-151 1.9 ComputerApplications 1-38 5.4 Mechanisms&RecoveryofHydrocarbons byNaturalMeans 5-158 5.5 MaterialBalanceandVolumetric 2 GeneralEngineeringandScience 2-1 Analysis 5-161 2.1 BasicMechanics(Staticsand 5.6 DeclineCurveAnalysis 5-168 Dynamics) 2-2 5.7 ReserveEstimates 5-172 2.2 FluidMechanics 2-19 5.8 SecondaryRecovery 5-177 2.3 StrengthofMaterials 2-27 5.9 FluidMovementinWaterflooded 2.4 Thermodynamics 2-32 Reservoirs 5-183 2.5 GeologicalEngineering 2-69 5.10 EstimationofWaterfloodResidual 2.6 Electricity 2-91 OilSaturation 5-201 2.7 Chemistry 2-100 5.11 EnhancedOilRecoveryMethods 5-211 2.8 EngineeringDesign 2-129 6 ProductionEngineering 6-1 3 AuxiliaryEquipment 3-1 6.1 PropertiesofHydrocarbonMixtures 6-2 3.1 PrimeMovers 3-2 6.2 FlowofFluids 6-40 3.2 PowerTransmission 3-17 6.3 NaturalFlowPerformance 6-89 3.3 Pumps 3-39 6.4 SuckerRodPumping 6-120 3.4 Compressors 3-48 6.5 StimulationandRemedialOperations 6-218 6.6 OilandGasProductionProcessing 4 DrillingandWellCompletions 4-1 Systems 6-242 4.1 DrillingandWellServicingStructures 4-2 6.7 GasProductionEngineering 6-274 4.2 HoistingSystem 4-9 6.8 CorrosioninProductionOperations 6-371 4.3 RotaryEquipment 4-82 6.9 EnvironmentalConsiderations 4.4 MudPumps 4-95 inOilandGasOperations 6-406 4.5 DrillingMudsandCompletion 6.10 OffshoreOperations 6-424 Fluids 4-103 6.11 IndustryStandardsforProduction 4.6 DrillString:CompositionandDesign 4-124 Facilities 6-443 4.7 BitsandDownholeTools 4-192 4.8 DrillingMudHydraulics 4-255 7 PetroleumEconomicEvaluation 7-1 4.9 UnderbalancedDrillingand 7.1 EstimatingProducibleVolumesand Completions 4-259 FutureofProduction 7-2 4.10 DownholeMotors 4-276 7.2 EstimatingtheValueofFuture 4.11 MWDandLWD 4-300 Production 7-15 4.12 DirectionalDrilling 4-356 4.13 SelectionofDrillingPractices 4-363 Appendix:Units,Dimensionsand 4.14 WellPressureControl 4-371 ConversionFactors 1 4.15 FishingandAbandonment 4-378 4.16 CasingandCasingStringDesign 4-406 4.17 WellCementing 4-438 Index 1 This page intentionally left blank Contributing Authors EgillAbrahamsen RobertB.Coolidge WeatherfordInternationalLimited WeatherfordInternationalLimited Houston,Texas Houston,Texas ChipAbrant HeruDanardatu WeatherfordInternationalLimited Schlumberger Houston,Texas Balikpapan,Indonesia BoAnderson TracyDarrvanReet WeatherfordInternationalLimited Chevron—retired Houston,Texas ElPaso,Texas RobertP.Badrak RobertDesbrandes WeatherfordInternationalLimited LouisianaStateUniversity Houston,Texas BatonRouge,Louisiana FrederickBeck AimeeDobbs Consultant GlobalSantaFe Denver,Colorado Houston,Texas PatriciaDuettra SusanBeck ConsultantinAppliedMathematicsand WeatherfordInternationalLimited ComputerAnalysis Houston,Texas Albuquerque,NewMexico JoeBerry ErnieDunn VarcoIncorporated WeatherfordInternationalLimited Houston,Texas Houston,Texas DanielBoone MichaelEconomides ConsultantinPetroleumEngineering UniversityofHouston Houston,Texas Houston,Texas GordonBopp JasonFasnacht EnvironmentalTechnologyandEducational BoartLongyear ServicesCompany SaltLakeCity,Utah Richland,Washington JoelFerguson RonaldBrimhall WeatherfordInternationalLimited Consultant Houston,Texas CollegeStation,Texas JerryW.Fisher ErnieBrown WeatherfordInternationalLimited Schlumberger Houston,Texas Sugarland,Texas RobertFord TomCarlson SmithBitsInternational HalliburtonEnergyServicesGroup Houston,Texas Houston,Texas KazimierzGlowacki WilliamX.Chavez,Jr. ConsultantinEnergyandEnvironmentalEngineering NewMexicoInstituteofMiningandTechnology Krakow,Poland Socorro,NewMexico BillGrubb FrancescoCiulla WeatherfordInternationalLimited WeatherfordInternationalLimited Houston,Texas Houston,Texas MarkHeironimus VernCobb ElPasoProduction Consultant ElPaso,Texas RobertColpitts MatthewHill ConsultantinGeologyandGeophysics UnocalIndonesiaCompany LasVegas,Nevada Jakarta,Indonesia JohnHosford TomMorrow ChevronTexaco GlobalSantaFe ElPaso,Texas Houston,Texas PhillipJohnson AbdulMujeeb UniversityofAlabama Henkels&McCoy,Incorporated Tuscaloosa,Alabama BlueBell,Pennsylvania HaraldJordan BobMurphy BPAmerica,Inc. WeatherfordInternationalLimited Farmington,NewMexico Houston,Texas MikeJuenke TimParker WeatherfordInternationalLimited WeatherfordInternationalLimited Houston,Texas Houston,Texas RezaKashmiri PudjiPermadi InternationalLubricationandFuel,Incorporated InstitutTeknologiBandung RioRancho,NewMexico Bandung,Indonesia WilliamKersting,MS JimPipes NewMexicoStateUniversity WeatherfordInternationalLimited LasCruces,NewMexico Houston,Texas MurtyKuntamukkla GaryJ.Plisga WestinghouseSavannahRiverCompany ConsultantinHydrocarbonProperties Aiken,SouthCarolina Albuquerque,NewMexico DougLaBombard FloydPreston WeatherfordInternationalLimited UniversityofKansas Houston,Texas Lawrence,Kansas JuliusLanglinais TobyPugh LouisianaStateUniversity WeatherfordInternationalLimited BatonRouge,Louisiana Houston,Texas WilliamLyons CarrollRambin NewMexicoInstituteofMiningandTechnology WeatherfordInternationalLimited Socorro,NewMexico Houston,Texas JamesMartens BharathN.Rao WeatherfordInternationalLimited President,BhavyaTechnologies,Inc. Houston,Texas RichardS.Reilly F.DavidMartin NewMexicoInstituteofMiningandTechnology Consultant Socorro,NewMexico Albuquerque,NewMexico GeorgeMcKown CherylRofer SmithServices TammoakEnterprises,LLC Houston,Texas LosAlamos,NewMexico DavidMildren ChrisRussell DrilTechMission ConsultantinEnvironmentalEngineering FortWorth,Texas GrandJunction,Colorado MarkMiller JorgeH.B.Sampaio,Jr. Pathfinder NewMexicoInstituteofMiningandTechnology Texas Socorro,NewMexico RichardJ.Miller EddieScales RichardJ.MillerandAssociates,Incorporated NationalOilWell HuntingtonBeach,California Houston,Texas StefanMiska RonSchmidt UniversityofTulsa WeatherfordInternationalLimited Tulsa,Oklahoma Houston,Texas ArdeshirShahraki AdrianVuyk,Jr. Dwight’sEnergyData,Inc. WeatherfordInternationalLimited Richardson,Texas Houston,Texas BillWamsley PaulSinger SmithBitsInternational NewMexicoInstituteofMining Houston,Texas andTechnology Socorro,NewMexico SueWeber ConsultantinComputerandMathematics JackSmith WeatherfordInternationalLimited JackWise Houston,Texas SandiaNationalLabs Albuquerque,NewMexico MarkTrevithick AndrzejWojtanowicz T&TEngineeringServices,Inc. LouisianaStateUniversity Houston,Texas BatonRouge,Louisiana
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