Stage Lighting: Design Applications and More

446 Pages·2018·52.434 MB·English

by  Richard E Dunham

STAGE LIGHTING
Stage Lighting: Design Applications and More builds upon the information introduced in Stage Lighting: The Fundamentals
to provide an in-depth reference to a number of specialty areas of lighting design. These are from traditional applications
such as drama, dance, and designing for different venues to more advanced applications such as concert, corporate, film
and video, virtual, architectural/landscape, and other forms of entertainment lighting. Each chapter gives the essential
background, design practices, and equipment details for each specialization, so readers can make informed decisions and
ask informed questions when encountering each field. The book provides insight on the latest technology and includes
profiles of prolific designers, such as James L. Moody, Jeff Ravitz, Alan Adelman, and Paul Gregory. Stage Lighting: Design
Applications and More is intended to help lighting designers translate their theatrical skills to other areas of lighting design
and provides guidance on how to take those initial steps into new ventures in their lighting careers.
Richard Dunham is a scenic and lighting designer as well as a professor and head of design at the University of Georgia. He
is a United States Institute for Theatre Technology (USITT) Fellow and former lighting commissioner from 1998 to 2006.
His professional credits include several hundred productions throughout the East Coast, New York City, and the Midwest,
as well as being Lighting Certified (LC) and a member of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA)
and an associate member of the International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD). He is the author of Stage Lighting:
The Fundamentals (Routledge, 2019).

STAGE LIGHTING
Design Applications and More
RICHARD DUNHAM
First published 2019
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
and by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2019 Taylor & Francis
The right of Richard Dunham to be identified as author of this work has been asserted
by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents
Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to
infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Dunham, Richard, author.
Title: Stage lighting : design applications and more / Richard Dunham.
Description: New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018024836 | ISBN 9781138485105 (hardback) |
ISBN 9781138671379 (pbk.) | ISBN 9781315562575 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Stage lighting.
Classification: LCC PN2091.E4 D86 2019 | DDC 792.02/4—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018024836
ISBN: 978-1-138-48510-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-67137-9 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-56257-5 (ebk)
Typeset in Adobe Garamond and Frutiger
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Dedicated to Joelle, Chelsea, and Richy for all their support and understanding
as we produced both editions of these books.

CONTENTS
CONTENTSCONTENTS
Preface xiv
Acknowledgments xvi
About the Author xvii
1 Introduction and General Lighting Review 1
What Is Light? 1
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
The Controllable Qualities of Light 3
Intensity 3
Distribution 3
Color 3
Movement 4
Functions of Lighting 4
Visibility 4
Establishing a Scene 4
Mood 5
Modeling 5
Focus 5
Composition 6
Style 6
Staging the Story 6
Rhythm 6
Illuminance and Luminance—Five Metrics 7
Luminous Flux 7
Illuminance 8
Luminous Intensity 8
Inverse Square Law 8
Luminance 8
Luminous Exitance 9
Light and Perception 9
Visibility 9
Intensity or Brightness 9
Relative Intensity 10
Psychological Responses 10
Intensity-Related Issues 10
Mood Alteration 11
Overstimulation 11
Glare 11
Color Perception and Intensity 11
Adaptation 11
Defining Form and Shape 12
Front Light 13
Sidelight 13
Downlight and Uplight 14
Backlight 15
Key and Fill 15
Silhouettes and Grazing 16
Shape 17
What Is Color? 18
Color and Its Effects 18
The Visible Spectrum 18
Primary Colors 19
Color Temperature 19
CIE Chromaticity Chart 19
Color Rendering 20
Additive and Subtractive Mixing 21
Additive Mixing 21
Subtractive Mixing 22
Filtering Light 23
Color Media 23
Plastic Media 23
Sidebar 1.1: Spectral Analysis of Gel 24
Glass Media 26
Dichroic Filters 26
Diffusion 27
Creating Color Through Light 27
Color Prediction 27
LEDs and Additive Color Mixing 29
Red Shift/Amber Drift in Tungsten Light Sources 30
Psychological Effects of Color 30
Color Contrast 31
Adaptation and Afterimages 31
Practical Use of Color 32
Sidebar 1.2: Designer Considerations for Color and Light 33
For Further Reading 34
2 The Music Scene (Revues, Clubs, and Concert Lighting) 35
Musical Revues 35
Evolution of Club and Concert Lighting 38
Nightclubs and Dance Club Lighting 39
Club Gear 40
Stage and Band/Musician Areas 40
Dance Floors 42
Sidebar 2.1: Specialized Lighting Effects for Dance Floors (Presented in an
Approximate Order of Appearance) 43
Club Design Principles 45
Stage Areas 45
Dance Areas 50
Unique Issues in Concert Lighting 50
Touring Successfully 53
Sidebar 2.2: A Sample Concert Tour Schedule 54
Sidebar 2.3: A Sample Page From a Contract Rider 55
Concert Lighting Gear 57
Luminaires 57
Trusses 58
Ground Support, Lifts, and Chain Motors 59
Dimmers and Cables 64
viii Contents
Consoles 64
Road Cases 66
Automated Lighting and Scrollers 68
Sidebar 2.4: Common Automated Lighting Effects 69
Video and Effects 71
Plotting Principles for Concert Lighting 73
Cueing Principles for Musical Events and Concerts 77
Sidebar 2.5: Designer Profile: James L. Moody 79
For Further Reading 80
3 The Spectacle Performance 81
Sidebar 3.1: Designer Profile: Jeff Ravitz 82
Headline Acts 84
Festival Productions 84
Arena Productions 86
Stadium Productions 94
Specialty Shows With Spectacle 99
Dedicated Venues 100
Additional Areas of Spectacle 103
For Further Reading 107
4 Trade Shows, Industrials, and Corporate Events 108
Corporate Mentality 108
Trade Shows 109
Fashion Shows 110
Corporate Meetings 112
Industrials 114
Sidebar 4.1: Designer Profile: Betsy Adams 119
For Further Reading 122
5 Film and Video Basics 123
Unique Qualities of Film and Video 123
Sidebar 5.1: Designer Profile: Alan Adelman 125
Light and the Camera 128
Color Temperature 129
Color Rendering Index (CRI) 129
Speed of Exposure 129
F-Stops 131
F-Stop Considerations 131
Other Factors 132
Sidebar 5.2: Designer Profile: Patrick Cady 133
Key and Fill Lights 134
Hard Light Versus Soft Light 135
Latitude and Contrast Ratios 135
Light Meters 136
Film and Video Luminaires 137
Soft-Lights 139
Hard-Lights 141
Location Luminaires 143
Specialty Luminaires 146
Lighting Accessories 147
Sidebar 5.3: Designer Profile: Michael Grimes 148
Film and Video Control Elements 151
Filters, Color Correction, and Diffusion 152
LEDs and Film/Video Production 154
Film/Video Studios and Sound Stages 156
Location Lighting 157
Contents ix