Spirits in Transcultural Skies: Auspicious and Protective Spirits in Artefacts and Architecture Between East and West PDF
Preview Spirits in Transcultural Skies: Auspicious and Protective Spirits in Artefacts and Architecture Between East and West
Spirits in Transcultural Skies Auspicious and Protective Spirits in Artefacts and Architecture Between East and West Niels Gutschow · Katharina Weiler Editors 123 Transcultural Research – Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context SeriesEditors: MadeleineHerren ThomasMaissen JosephMaran AxelMichaels BarbaraMittler More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8753 Niels Gutschow (cid:129) Katharina Weiler Editors Spirits in Transcultural Skies Auspicious and Protective Spirits in Artefacts and Architecture Between East and West Editors NielsGutschow KatharinaWeiler CulturalandReligiousHistory ClusterofExcellence“AsiaandEurope ofSouthAsia inaGlobalContext” SouthAsiaInstitute KarlJaspersCentre HeidelbergUniversity forAdvancedTransculturalStudies Heidelberg,Germany HeidelbergUniversity Heidelberg,Germany ISSN2191-656X ISSN2191-6578(electronic) ISBN978-3-319-11631-0 ISBN978-3-319-11632-7(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-11632-7 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014956659 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2015 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerpts inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeing enteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplication ofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthe Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter. ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Coverillustration:Thecoverillustrationisadetailfromadrawingoftheuppermostpanelofatrefoil centralwindowintheHindumonasticinstitutionKuthumathinBhaktapur,Nepal,whichwasestablished ˙ in1749.Thedetailshowsoneoftwogarlandbearersthatflankthewindowoftheeasternwing.The figureisarepresentativeexampleofwingedwisdom-bearersthatcanbefoundonmostspandrelsof windowsanddoorsintheKathmanduValleyasoftheearlyeighteenthcentury.Thefigureissurrounded by scrolled cloud motifs in the Chinese fashion and its clothing shows how new iconographic conventionsenteredthedepictionsofwisdom-bearersatthetime.DrawingbyAxelWeller(2009) Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Contents Introduction TheGoddessofVictoryinGreekandRomanArt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 KaiMichaelTo¨pfer TheIconographyofZoroastrianAngelologyinSasanianArt andArchitecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 ShervinFarridnejad AngelsasAgentsofTransferBetweenHebrewOrigins,Byzantium,and WesternEurope:MarienberginSouthTyrolasaCaseStudy. . . . . . . . 43 AngelikaKonrad-Schineller TheDragoninTransculturalSkies:ItsCelestialAspectintheMedieval IslamicWorld. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . 71 SaraKuehn WingedImmortalsandHeavenlyBeingsAcrosstheEastAsian Skies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 ChariPradel HowCelestialSpiritsBecameWingedintheArchitecture oftheKathmanduValley,Nepal(SixthtoNineteenthCentury). . . . . . . 125 NielsGutschow SolomonicAngelsinaMughalSky:TheWallPaintingsoftheKalaBurj attheLahoreFortRevisitedandTheirReceptioninLaterSouthAsian andQajarArt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 EbbaKoch v vi Contents EtherealImagery:SymbolicAttributesintheArtandArchitecture ofIndia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 RabindraJ.Vasavada EntangledVisualities:CelestialBeingsinEarlyTwentieth CenturyArchitectureoftheKathmanduValleyinNepal. . . . . . . . . . . 193 KatharinaWeiler Epilogue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 KatharinaWeiler List of Contributors Shervin Farridnejad is a Post-Doc research associate at the Department of Iranian Studies of the Georg-August-Universita¨t Go¨ttingen (Germany). He has studiedancientIranianlanguages,philology,religionsandarthistoryandreceived hisPhDinAncient/MiddleIranianandZoroastrianStudiesfromthesameDepart- mentin2014.InhisdissertationThelanguageofimages:Astudyoniconographic exegesisoftheanthropomorphicdivineimagesinZoroastrianism(forthcoming),he investigates the perception, significance and representation of Zoroastrian anthro- pomorphicdeitiesinancientIranianreligiousimageryinlightofbothmaterialand written sources. He is mainly working on the Pre-Islamic Iranian and Zoroastrian religion,ritual,artandiconographyaswellasonoldandmiddleIranianphilology. InstituteforIranianStudies,UniversityofGo¨ttingen,Go¨ttingen,Germany Niels Gutschow graduated from the Architecture Department at Darmstadt Uni- versityin1973,withaPhDthesisontheJapaneseCastleTown.From1978to1980, hewasheadoftheMu¨nsterAuthorityofMonumentProtectionandbetween1980 and2000wasamemberoftheGermanNationalCommitteeforConservation.He completedacarpenterapprenticeshipinJapan(1962/63).Since1980,hisresearch hasbeendedicatedtothewartimeandpost-WorldWarIIhistoryofurbanplanning inGermanyandEuropeandtourbanspaceandritualsinIndiaandNepal.Hewas consultant for UNESCO at World Heritage Sites in Nepal (1992) and Pakistan (1995) and was a member of a German–Japanese commission of conservation experts between 1996 and 1999. Since 2004, he has been an honorary professor atHeidelbergUniversity,DepartmentofIndology. Cultural and Religious History of South Asia, South Asia Institute, Heidelberg University,Heidelberg,Germany Ebba Koch is a professor of Asian Art at the Institute of Art History, Vienna University, and a senior researcher at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Professor KochwasavisitingprofessoratHarvard(2008/09),Oxford(2008),SabanciUniversity (2003),andtheAmericanUniversityinCairo(1998),andheldanAgaKhanProgram forIslamicArchitectureFellowshipatHarvard(2002).Since2001,shehasbeenglobal vii viii ListofContributors advisortotheTajMahalConservationCollaborative,andwastheAustriandelegateto theManagementCommitteeofCOSTAction36“NetworkofComparativeEmpires” oftheEuropeanCommission(2005–2009).HerresearchinterestsareMughalartand architecture, the political and symbolic meaning of art, and the artistic connections betweentheMughals,theirneighbors,andEurope.HerpublicationsincludeMughal Architecture(1991),MughalArtandImperialIdeology(2001),andTheCompleteTaj Mahal and the Riverfront Gardens of Agra (2006). She has coauthored with Milo Beach and Wheeler Thackston, King of the World: The Padshahnama: An Imperial MughalManuscriptfromtheRoyalLibrary,WindsorCastle(1997). DepartmentofArtHistory,UniversityofVienna,Vienna,Austria Angelika Konrad-Schineller studied art history, archaeology, and history at the UniversitiesofHeidelberg,Germany,andSiena,Italy.ShegraduatedfromHeidelberg UniversitywithathesisonTheHeavenlyJerusaleminMedievalMurals.Shehasbeen an academic assistant at the Department of European Art History at Heidelberg University and worked as a project assistant for the Historisches Museum, in Frankfurt.HerresearchinterestsareJerusalemanditsdepictionsinartandarchitecture, medievalfloormosaics,andCarolingianart. DepartmentofEuropeanArtHistory,HeidelbergUniversity,Heidelberg,Germany DekanatderPhilosophischenFakulta¨t,MannheimUniversity,Mannheim,Germany SaraKuehn isahistorianofIslamicartandreceivedherPhDinIslamicArtand Archaeology, Free University of Berlin. From 1998 until present she worked as consultant(evaluationofmuseumcollectionsandcuratorialdocumentation)inthe context of World Heritage missions as well as other consulting activities with regularmissionstotheMiddleEast,inparticularfortheKuwaitNationalMuseum, Da¯ral-Atha¯ral-Isla¯miyyah(Al-Saba¯hCollection),Kuwait.Withadualbackground ofIslamicandChinese/Japanesearthistories(BAinChineseandJapaneseArtand Archaeology, Tokyo), combined with her museum career, she specialises in the artistic and cultural relationshipbetween the Islamic world (with the focus on the Turco-Iranianworld)andEastAsiainpre-moderntimesandhasconductedexten- sivefieldworkintheseregions.Herpublicationsinclude:TheDragoninMedieval East Christian and Islamic Art (2011), and Monsters as Bearers of Life-Giving Powers?Trans-ReligiousMigrationsofanAncientWesternAsianSymbolism(9th to14thCenturyAD)(2014).SheiscurrentlypreparingamonographtitledFraming RitualVisualisationinMuslimMysticism:TheCaseofSoutheasternEurope. L’institutd’e´tudesavance´esd’Aix-Marseille(IMe´RA),Marseille,France ChariPradel isanassociateprofessorofarthistoryintheArtDepartmentatthe California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, where she teaches Asian art history.ShereceivedaBAinarthistoryfromtheUniversidadNacionalMayorde San Marcos (Lima, Peru) and an MA and PhD in Japanese art history from the UniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA).HerresearchfocusesonJapanese Buddhistartfromthesevenththroughthirteenthcenturies,withanemphasisonthe adoptionandadaptationofChineseandKoreanelementsinthoseworks. ListofContributors ix ArtDepartment,CaliforniaStatePolytechnicUniversityatPomona,Pomona,CA, USA KaiMichaelTo¨pfer isaresearchassistantattheInstituteforClassicalArchaeol- ogy at Heidelberg University. He holds a doctoral degree (Dr. Phil.) from the University of Mainz. Besides his dissertation Signa Militaria–Die ro¨mischen Feldzeichen in der Republik und im Prinzipat (published in 2011), he has written anumberofarticlesabouttheRomanmilitary,visuallanguageinancientart,and Romanimageryintheeasternprovinces. InstituteforClassicalArchaeology,HeidelbergUniversity,Heidelberg,Germany Rabindra Jayendralal Vasavada was a senior research fellow at the Cluster of Excellence“AsiaandEuropeinaGlobalContext,”HeidelbergUniversity.Heisan architect-researcher based in Ahmadabad, India, a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, and life member and project consultant of theIndianNationalTrustforArtsandCulturalHeritage(INTACH)NewDelhi.He was a member of the National Committee on Conservation Policy formed by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to review the ASI acts and develop new guidelines for the future. Since 1980, he has been involved in studies of Indian temple architecture. As of 1998,hehas been a research scholar with the German ResearchCouncil(DFG),Bonn,workingontheOrissaresearchprojectwithNiels Gutschow.HehasbeenaconsultantonseveralmonumentstotheASIandhasbeen involvedindocumentingprotectedsitesatBidarandPattadakal inKarnataka.He has been studying the historic city of Ahmadabad since 1978 and is currently responsible for preparing the World Heritage City Nomination Dossier for the historiccityofAhmadabad,fortheWorldHeritageConventionUNESCOinParis. ClusterofExcellence“AsiaandEuropeinaGlobalContext,”KarlJaspersCentre forAdvancedTransculturalStudies,HeidelbergUniversity,Heidelberg,Germany KatharinaWeilerisanarthistorianwhostudiedattheUniversitiesofHeidelberg, Germany,andBerne,Switzerland.ForherPhDthesis,TheNeoclassicalResidences of the Newarsin Nepal, she did extensive research in Nepal’s recentarchitectural history, for which she was awarded a Mary S. Slusser Research Grant by the Kathmandu Valley Preservation Trust. As a postdoctoral research fellow, she heldseminarsattheDepartmentofEuropeanArtHistoryandsupervised“Aspects ofAuthenticityinArchitecturalHeritageConservation,”aresearchproject(2009– 2012) under the aegis of the Cluster of Excellence “Asia and Europe in a Global Context:ShiftingAsymmetriesinCulturalFlows”atHeidelbergUniversity.Sheis currentlycuratorialassistantatStaatlicheKunsthalleKarlsruhe. ClusterofExcellence“AsiaandEuropeinaGlobalContext,”KarlJaspersCentre forAdvancedTransculturalStudies,HeidelbergUniversity,Heidelberg,Germany StaatlicheKunsthalleKarlsruhe,Karlsruhe,Germany
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