Speech and language : advances in basic research and practice. PDF
Preview Speech and language : advances in basic research and practice.
Contributors to This Volume Antonie Cohen Donald Fucci Sarah Hawkins Raymond D. Kent Linda Petrosino Betty Jane Philips Bruce L. Smith Ronald S. Tikofsky Marcel P. R. van den Broecke Rob C. van Geel SPEECH AND LANGUAGE Advances in Basic Research and Practice VOLUME 11 Edited by NORMAN J. LASS Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology West Virginia University Morgantown, West Virginia 1984 ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers) Orlando San Diego New York London Toronto Montreal Sydney Tokyo COPYRIGHT © 1984, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Orlando, Florida 32887 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX ISSN 0193-3434 ISBN 0-12-608611-7 This publication is not a periodical and is not subject to copying under CONTU guidelines. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 84 85 86 87 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin. Antonie Cohen (197), Instituut voor Fonetiek, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, 3512 JK Utrecht, The Netherlands Donald Fucci (249), School of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701 Sarah Hawkins (317), Haskins Laboratories, 270 Crown Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 Raymond D. Kent (113), Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Linda Petrosino (249), School of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Ohio Univer- sity, Athens, Ohio 45701 Betty Jane Philips (113), Language and Learning Center, Boys Town National Institute for Communication Disorders in Children, Omaha, Nebraska 68131 Bruce L. Smith (169), Department of Communicative Disorders, Speech and Language Pathology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201 Ronald S. Tikofsky (1), Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, School of Allied Health Professions, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201 and Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 Marcel P. R. van den Broecke (197), Instituut voor Fonetiek, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, 3512 JK Utrecht, The Netherlands Rob C. van Geel (197), Instituut voor Fonetiek, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, 3512 JK Utrecht, The Netherlands vii Preface Volume 11 of Speech and Language: Advances in Basic Research and Prac- tice contains six contributions on a wide variety of topics. Tikofsky examines contemporary approaches to aphasia diagnostics from both a medical and non- medical perspective. In addition to providing a detailed description of specific contemporary aphasia test batteries, he discusses the relationship of human neu- ropsychology and aphasia, neurological diagnosis and aphasia, as well as recent developments in neurologic diagnosis in relation to aphasia. He concludes that, The decades ahead will see a greater integration of behavioral and neurological aphasiology in diagnosis. Much of the groundwork for such an integration has been established. What is required now is an increased dedication to joint research efforts to increase the precision and utility in contemporary and future aphasia assessment. Acoustic-phonetic descriptions of speech production in speakers with cleft palate and other velopharyngeal disorders are presented by Philips and Kent, whose intent is to illustrate the potential application of this information in con- tributing to diagnostic evaluation and remedial programming. The authors pro- vide a detailed discussion of velopharyngeal incompetence, linguistic and pho- netic considerations related to velopharyngeal function, speech motor control considerations related to velopharyngeal function, speech patterns associated with velopharyngeal incompetence, prespeech and early speech development in children with velopharyngeal incompetence, basic acoustic effects of nasaliza- tion, and spectrographic correlates of velopharyngeal incompetence. Smith addresses the role of infant vocalizations as they relate to subsequent speech and language development. Specifically, he is concerned with whether it is possible to determine from an infant's prelinguistic vocalizations if the infant will have a phonological disorder when he begins to produce meaningful speech. Since the capability for such a diagnosis presently does not exist, the author assesses contemporary research to determine whether it suggests that the devel- opment of such a reliable screening system may eventually be possible. The methods employed to study prelinguistic sound development are discussed in regard to their diagnostic potential for predicting future phonological disorders, including transcription-based observations, acoustic analysis, and meta- phonological observation of phonetic development. The author addresses direc- tions for future research and concludes that "integration of a variety of tech- niques may provide the best method for early diagnosis of speech (and language) disorders." Pitch phenomena and applications in electrolarynx speech are addressed by Cohen, van den Broecke, and van Geel. Included is a discussion of linguistic and ix X Preface instrumental approaches to pitch, a model of sentence melody, intelligibility and naturalness in various forms of alaryngeal speech, a grammar of intonation, development of a prototype electrolarynx with semiautomatic pitch control, and a training program for intonated electrolarynx speech. The authors also provide an evaluation of intonated versus monotonous electrolarynx speech as well as implications for further research and practical applications of intonated elec- trolarynx speech in various languages. Fucci and Petrosino present practical applications of neuroanatomy in an at- tempt to provide the speech-language pathologist with a basic understanding of the structure and function of the human nervous system as well as an appreciation of the necessary assessment of the integrity of the nervous system. After a detailed discussion of the structure and function of the human nervous system, including the central, peripheral, and autonomie nervous systems, they address neurological considerations for the speech-language pathologist. Assessment of nervous system integrity, including a discussion of higher cortical function, the cranial nerves, the motor system, the sensory system, and reflexes, as well as the disorders associated with the nervous system assessment procedures, is provided. Hawkins employs studies of temporal coordination to understand the develop- ment of motor control in speech and to provide a basis for testing theories on the development of speech as a motor skill. Discussions include prosody in speech perception and speech production, the contribution of studies of temporal coordi- nation to understanding the development of motor control in speech, some basic assumptions about the development of speech, acoustic-phonetic and neu- romotor influences on the development of temporally coordinated speech, two strategies for learning to produce clusters of consonants fluently, and a theory of the developing motor control of speech. The author also addresses directions for future research and some unresolved issues in the study of all aspects of chil- dren's speech and language development as well as in the study of the motor control of speech, whether in development, maturity, or disintegration. It is our intention that the contents of this volume in particular, and of this serial publication in general, will result in increased discussion and, conse- quently, further investigation of a number of unresolved contemporary issues in speech and language processes and pathologies that will ultimately lead to their resolution. NORMAN J. LASS Contents of Previous Volumes Volume 1 The Perception of Speech in Early Infancy Patricia K. Kuhl Acoustic-Perceptual Methods for Evaluation of Defective Speech James F. Lubker Linguistic and Motor Aspects of Stuttering Kenneth O. St. Louis Anatomic Studies of the Perioral Motor System: Foundations for Studies in Speech Physiology Jesse G. Kennedy HI and James H. Abbs Acoustic Characteristics of Normal and Pathological Voices Steven B. Davis Synergy: Toward a Model of Language Carol A. Pruning and Judy B. Elliott SUBJECT INDEX Volume 2 Functional Articulation Disorders: Preliminaries to Treatment Ralph L. Shelton and Leija V. McReynolds The Early Lexicons of Normal and Language-Disordered Children: Develop- mental and Training Considerations Laurence B. Leonard and Marc E. Fey The Shaping Group: Habituating New Behaviors in the Stutterer William R. Leith The New Theories of Vocal Fold Vibration David J. Broad Homonymy and Sound Change in the Child's Acquisition of Phonology John L. Locke Conversational Speech Behaviors Marjorie A. Faircloth and Richard C. Blasdell Oral Vibrotactile Sensation and Perception: State of the Art Donald Fucci and Michael A. Crary SUBJECT INDEX Volume 3 Theories of Phonological Development Donald E. Mowrer xi XII Contents of Previous Volumes Phonology and Phonetics as Part of the Language Encoding/Decoding System Marcel A. A. Tatham The Application of Phonological Universals in Speech Pathology John J. Ohala The Pédiatrie Language Specialist: An Innovative Approach to Early Language Intervention and the Role of the Speech-Language Clinician Sol Adler and lowana A. Whitman Tims Speech Perception: A Framework for Research and Theory Dominic W. Massaro and Gregg C. Oden Velopharyngeal Structure and Function: A Model for Biomechanical Analysis David Ross Dickson and Wilma Maue-Dickson Use of Feedback in Established and Developing Speech Gloria J. Borden Delayed Auditory Feedback and Stuttering: Theoretical and Clinical Implications William R. Leith and Claudia C. Chmiel Biofeedback: Theory and Applications to Speech Pathology Sylvia M. Davis and Carl E. Drichta INDEX Volume 4 Nonlinguistic and Linguistic Processing in Normally Developing and Language- Disordered Children Paula Menyuk Phonological Development during the First Year of Life Donald E. Mowrer Speech Fluency and Its Development in Normal Children C. Woodruff Starkweather Speech Production Models as Related to the Concept of Apraxia of Speech Anthony G. Mlcoch and J. Douglas Noll Aspects of Speech and Orthognathic Surgery William G. Ewan Velopharyngeal Function: A Spatial-Temporal Model Frederika Beil-Berti Variations in the Supraglottal Air Pressure Waveform and Their Articulatory Interpretation Eric M. Müller and W. S. Brown, Jr. INDEX Volume 5 A Critical Review of Developmental Apraxia of Speech Thomas W. Guyette and William M. Diedrich Contents of Previous Volumes xiii Relapse following Stuttering Therapy Franklin H. Silver man Analysis and Measurement of Changes in Normal and Disordered Speech and Language Behavior Merlin J. Mecham Physiological, Acoustic, and Perceptual Aspects of Coarticulation: Implications for the Remediation of Articulatory Disorders Donald J. Sharf and Ralph N. Ohde An Empirical Perspective on Language Development and Language Training Scott F. McLaughlin and Walter L. Cullinan Elements of Voice Quality: Perceptual, Acoustic, and Physiologic Aspects Raymond H. Colton and Jo A. Estill The Resolution of Disputed Communication Origins Murray S. Miron INDEX Volume 6 Auditory Discrimination: Evaluation and Intervention Charlena M. Seymour, Jane A. Baran, and Ruth E. Reaper Evaluation and Treatment of Auditory Deficits in Adult Brain-Damaged Patients Thomas E. Prescott A Pragmatic Approach to Phonological Systems of Deaf Speakers D. Kimbrough Oiler and Rebecca E. Eilers Speech and Language Characteristics of an Aging Population Virginia G. Walker, Carole J. Hardiman, Dona Lea Hedrick, and Anthony Holbrook Language and Cognitive Assessment of Black Children Harry N. Seymour and Dalton Miller-Jones Effect of Aberrant Supralaryngeal Vocal Tracts on Transfer Function Sally J. Peterson-Falzone and Karen L. Landahl The Human Tongue: Normal Structure and Function and Associated Pathologies Donald Fucci and Linda Petrosino From an Acoustic Stream to a Phonological Representation: The Perception of Fluent Speech Z. S. Bond Estimation of Glottal Volume Velocity Waveform Properties: A Review and Study of Some Methodological Assumptions Robert E. Hillman and Bernd Weinberg INDEX XIV Contents of Previous Volumes Volume 7 To Hear Is Not to Understand: Auditory Processing Deficits and Factors Influ- encing Peformance in Aphasie Individuals Cynthia M. Shewan Auditory Processes in Stutterers Hugo H. Gregory and James Mangan A Review of Research on Speech Training Aids for the Deaf Richard P. Lippmann A New Era in Language Assessment: Data or Evidence John R. Muma, Rosemary Lubinski, and Sharalee Pierce Quantification of Language Abilities in Children Rachel E. Stark, Paula Tallal, and E. David Mellits Communication Behavior Assessment and Treatment with the Adult Retarded: An Approach Nathaniel O. Owings and Thomas W. Guyette Distribution and Production Characteristics of /s/ in the Vocabulary and Spon- taneous Speech of Children John V. Irwin Speech Processes in Reading Charles A. Perfetti and Deborah McCutchen Structure and Mechanical Properties of the Vocal Fold Minoru Hirano, Yuki Kakita, Koichi Ohmaru, and Shigejiro Kurita Jitter and Shimmer in Sustained Phonation Vicki L. Heiberger and Yoshiyuki Horii Boundary: Perceptual and Acoustic Properties and Syntactic and Statistical Determinants Noriko Umeda INDEX Volume 8 Toward Classification of Developmental Phonological Disorders Lawrence D. Shriberg Patterns of Misarticulation and Articulation Change Patricia A. Broen The Development of Phonology in Unintelligible Speakers Frederick F. Weiner and Roberta Wacker Determining Articulatory Automatization of Newly Learned Sounds Walter H. Manning and Edward A. Shirkey Conversational Turn-Taking: A Salient Dimension of Children's Language Learning Louis J. DeMaio
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