Spectrum Wars The Policy and Technology Debate (Artech House Telecommunications Library) PDF
Preview Spectrum Wars The Policy and Technology Debate (Artech House Telecommunications Library)
Spectrum Wars The Policy and Technology Debate ForalistingofrecenttitlesintheArtechHouse TelecommunicationsLibrary,turntothebackofthisbook. Spectrum Wars The Policy and Technology Debate Jennifer A. Manner Artech House Boston • London www.artechhouse.com LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcatalogrecordofthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. CoverdesignbyGaryRagaglia ©2003ARTECHHOUSE,INC. 685CantonStreet Norwood,MA02062 Theviewsandopinionsinthisbookarethoseoftheauthoranddonotreflecttheviews ofWorldCom,Inc. Allrightsreserved.PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Nopartofthis bookmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechani- cal,includingphotocopying,recording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsys- tem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. Alltermsmentionedinthisbookthatareknowntobetrademarksorservicemarks havebeenappropriatelycapitalized.ArtechHousecannotattesttotheaccuracyofthisin- formation.Useofaterminthisbookshouldnotberegardedasaffectingthevalidityof anytrademarkorservicemark. InternationalStandardBookNumber:1-58053-483-x ALibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumberisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. 10987654321 Inlovingmemoryofmyfatherandmyhero,MauriceR.Manner . Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv 1 An Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Anoverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Internationaloverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Domesticissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Spectrumterminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Abriefbackgroundofspectrummanagement . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Companies,governments,andotherinterests . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Incumbentandplanned/newusers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Thevariousinterests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Anexampleofthescientificcommunity:radioastronomers . . . . . 20 Publicsafetyuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 vii viii SpectrumWars:ThePolicyandTechnologyDebate Twouniquebattlesforthespectrumresourcefornewservices . . . . 21 NGSOFSS:takingtheworldbystorm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 ThirdgenerationmobileserviceandtheFS:acompromise . . . . . 25 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Endnotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2 Spectrum Primer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Overviewoftechnicalcharacteristicsoftheradiocommunications spectrumresource. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Spectrumscarcityandharmfulinterference . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Theallocationscheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Keytechnicalconsiderationswhenevaluatingspectrumuse . . . . . 42 Otherconsiderations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Endnotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3 Radio Communications Spectrum and 3 Telecommunications Players. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Wirelessversuswirelinenetworksolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Thekeyparticipants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Governmentuse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Telecommunicationsserviceprovidersandbroadcasters. . . . . . . 57 Telecommunicationsequipmentmanufacturers . . . . . . . . . . 60 Consumers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Factorsimpactingtheuseofthespectrumresource. . . . . . . . . 63 Thegovernmentregulatorandtheaccompanyingregulatoryregime. . 64 Marketdemandfortheservice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Amountofspectrumavailableforthesameorsimilaruse . . . . . . 67 Thecostsofobtainingaccesstothespectrumandtheimpacton thebusinesscase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Theavailabilityofterrestrialwirelineinfrastructure . . . . . . . . 68 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Endnotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Contents ix 4 The Regulatory Regime Governing Spectrum . . . . . 71 Whyistheradiocommunicationsspectrumresourceregulated?. . . . 71 Thegoalsofspectrumregulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Thegoverningregulatorybodies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Theinternationalregulatoryprocess. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 AnoverviewoftheITUandtheRadiocommunicationsSector . . . . 78 OverviewoftheITURSector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Theimpactofregionalorganizationsonspectrumregulation. . . . . 81 Theinternationalspectrumallocationprocess . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Technicalissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 AnoverviewoftheWRCprocess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Endnotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 5 Domestic Regulation of Spectrum, 5 Part I: International Representation. . . . . . . . . . 93 Overviewofthedomesticregulationoftheradiocommunications spectrumresource. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Participationintheinternationalarena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Domesticparticipantsintheinternationalprocess . . . . . . . . . 95 Thedomesticpreparatoryprocessforinternationalmeetings. . . . . 98 Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 6 Domestic Regulation of Spectrum, 5 Part II: Allocation, Assignment, and Use. . . . . . . 105 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Importantcornerstonesofdomesticregulation . . . . . . . . . . 107 ImpactoftheWTOAgreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Thedomesticallocationoffrequencybandstoindividualservices . . 110 Theidentificationordesignationofradiocommunications spectrumtospecifieduses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Changestorules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Flexibleuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Relocationofexistingusers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
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