Special Topics in Information Technology

135 Pages·2020·4.599 MB·English

by  Barbara Pernici

SPRINGER BRIEFS IN APPLIED SCIENCES AND
TECHNOLOGY  POLIMI SPRINGER BRIEFS
Barbara Pernici   Editor
Special Topics
in Information
Technology
SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences
and Technology
PoliMI SpringerBriefs
Editorial Board
Barbara Pernici, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
Stefano Della Torre, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
Bianca M. Colosimo, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
Tiziano Faravelli, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
Roberto Paolucci, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
Silvia Piardi, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
More information about this subseries at http://www.springer.com/series/11159
http://www.polimi.it
Barbara Pernici
Editor
Special Topics in Information
Technology
Editor
Barbara Pernici
DEIB
Politecnico di Milano
Milan,Italy
ISSN 2191-530X ISSN 2191-5318 (electronic)
SpringerBriefs inApplied SciencesandTechnology
ISSN 2282-2577 ISSN 2282-2585 (electronic)
PoliMI SpringerBriefs
ISBN978-3-030-32093-5 ISBN978-3-030-32094-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32094-2
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Preface
This book describes nine of the most promising results from doctoral studies in
Information Technology at the Department of Electronics, Information, and
BioengineeringofPolitecnicodiMilano.InformationTechnologyhasalwaysbeen
interdisciplinary, as many aspects have to be considered in IT systems. The char-
acteristicsoftheITPh.D.doctoralstudiesatPolitecnicodiMilanoisanemphasison
thisinterdisciplinarynature,thatisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantintherecent
technologicaldevelopments,incollaborativeprojectsandintheeducationofyoung
researchers. The focus of advanced research is therefore on a rigorous approach to
specific research topics starting from a broad background in different aspects of
Information Technology, and in particular in the areas of Computer Science and
Engineering, Electronics, Systems and Controls, and Telecommunications.
Each year, more than 50 doctors are graduated from the program. The present
bookcollectstheninebestresultsfromthedefendedthesesin2018–19selectedfor
the IT Ph.D. Award. Each of the nine authors provides a chapter summarizing
research results, including an introduction, description of methods, main achieve-
ments, and future work on the topic. Hence, this book provides a cutting-edge
overview of the newest research trends in Information Technology developed at
PolitecnicodiMilano,inaneasy-to-readformatforpresentingthemainresultsalso
to nonspecialists in the specific field.
Milan, Italy Barbara Pernici
July 2019
v
Introduction
The Ph.D. Program in Information Technology
A fundamental pillar for the research work in the Department of Electronics,
Information, and Bioengineering (DEIB) is its Ph.D. program in Information
Technology, with more than 50 doctors graduating each year. The program is
characterized by a broad approach to information technology, in the areas of
Computer Science and Engineering, Electronics, Systems and Controls, and
Telecommunications.
ThecharacteristicsoftheITPh.D.doctoralstudiesintheDEIBdepartmentisan
emphasis on interdisciplinarity, that is becoming more and more important in the
recenttechnologicaldevelopmentsinwhichtheboundariesbetweendisciplinesare
becoming increasingly fuzzy in collaborative projects and education of young
researchers. Therefore, the focus of the program is on providing a broad doctoral-
level educational approach and research environment and at the same time, a rig-
orousapproachtothespecificresearchtopicsdevelopedbythePh.D.candidatesin
different aspects of Information Technology, based on both on theoretical
approaches and on the validation of new ideas in selected application domains.
Starting with the present volume, we present the ongoing research work in
doctoral studies in the department, through a collection of summaries illustrating
theresultsofthebestPh.D.thesesdefendedintheacademicyear 2018–19.Inthis
chapter, the coordinators of each of the areas are going to introduce the four areas
of the Ph.D. program in Information Technology, namely Computer Science and
Engineering, Electronics, Systems and Controls, and Telecommunications, and
provide a short introduction to the papers selected for the volume.
vii
viii Introduction
Telecommunications Area
The research carried out by the Ph.D. graduates within Telecommunications
Engineering span heterogeneous disciplines, which include information theory,
communication networks, signal processing, and microwaves and photonics.
The two theses selected to be part of this volume address two different aspects
and applications of digital signal processing. The contribution on “Advances in
Wave Digital Modeling of Linear and Nonlinear Systems” advances the theory of
wave digital modeling, that is, the construction of digital representation of analog
systems. The thesis re-vitalizes and extends the theory of Wave Digital Filters
(WDF) of the late 70s by proposing novel approaches, which can be applied to
generic physical systems provided that they can be described by an equivalent
electric circuit. The contributions provided in the work have relevant implications
notonlyinthefieldofnumericalsimulationofphysicalphenomena,butalsointhe
field of digital audio signal processing, as it allows to model different kinds of
processing structures in a unified fashion.
The second contribution comes from the Ph.D. thesis “Interference Mitigation
Techniques in Hybrid Wired-Wireless Communications Systems for Cloud Radio
Access Networks with Analog Fronthauling”; the work addresses the fifth gener-
ation(5G)ofradiomobilenetworkswiththegoalofimprovingtheindoorcoverage
of5Gnetworks.Thekeycontributionoftheworkisanovelarchitecturetoprovide
coverage indoors by leveraging preexisting copper-based cables connections. The
thesis first theoretically demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed
solution, and finally also describes the realization and performance evaluation of a
prototype platform, which experimentally proves the capability of the proposed
architecture to notably extend indoor coverage.
Electronics Area
ThePh.D.focusedinElectronicsexplorestheenablingfrontierscenariosofcurrent
and future era technologies of information, communication, control, automation,
energy, and mobility.
Design and innovation of devices, circuits and electronic systems continue to
provide the fundamental building blocks necessary for modern life in all its per-
spectives, including its most recent declinations “smart-” (smart cyberphysical-
systems,smartindustries,smartmanufacturing,smartliving, smartmobility,smart
lighting, smart cities, smart aging, etc.) and “autonomous-” (autonomous driving,
autonomous vehicles, autonomous-manufacturing, autonomous agents, etc.), so
pervasive in modern daily human activities.
Forinstance,thenewconceptofsmartmobilityfindsoneofthemostsignificant
declinations in self and highly assisted driving, where the continuous-wave
frequency-modulated (FMCW) radar is a key element. This short-range measuring
Introduction ix
radarsetcapableofdeterminingdistanceincreasesreliabilitybyprovidingdistance
measurement along with speed measurement, which is essential in modern auto-
motiveapplications.DmytroCherniakhasgivenastrongcontributiontothefieldof
integrated FMCW radar. These innovations support the emerging market for
autonomous vehicles, which will rely heavily on radar and wireless sensing to
achieve reliable all-weather mobility. High performance and low-power con-
sumption meet in the first implemented digital PLL-based FMCW modulator
prototype fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology that demonstrates the
above-state-of-the-art performance of fast chirp synthesis, also developed and
fabricated in 28-nm CMOS technology focusing on low-fractional spur operation.
From a completely different perspective, the human brain is a marvelous
machine,whichiscapableofsolvingchallengingproblemsinaveryshorttimeand
withsmallenergyconsumption.Recognizingaface,learningtowalk,andtakinga
quick decision under a large number of stimuli are generally straightforward
functionsformankind.However,recreatingthistypeofcomputationinsiliconwith
the same speed, energy consumption, and hardware resources is practically
impossiblewiththecurrentmicroelectronictechnology.TheworkbyValerioMilo
addressesthesechallenges,byshowingthatanewtypeofdevicesandarchitecture
is needed if we want to mimic the brain computation. It is shown that synaptic
devices made of inorganic materials, such as metal oxides, show the same type of
plasticity that is observed in biological synapses. By taking advantage of such
biological plasticity rules within artificial spiking neural networks, it is possible to
learn, make associations, and take decisions, which are some of the most funda-
mental cognitive functions of the human brain. Although the work is at the very
early stages, the results are very promising for supporting the grand challenge of
bio-inspired circuits that can compute as the brain, and even illuminate about the
biological processes of learning in our brain.
Computer Science and Engineering Area
The Computer Science and Engineering Area covers five different research lines,
ranging from System Architectures, to Data, Web and Society, to Artificial
IntelligenceandRobotics,toAdvancedSoftwareArchitecturesandMethodologies,
and Information Systems. Research on these lines are covering both foundational
aspectsaswellasapplication-drivenaspects.ThegroupofSystemArchitecturesis
active on several research topics, including security, performance evaluation,
dependability, electronic design automation, processor and multiprocessor archi-
tectures, operating systems, embedded systems, computational intelligence, wire-
less sensor networks, enterprise digital infrastructures, and high-performance
computing. The research in the area of Data, Web, and Society addresses tech-
nologies, design methods, and tools for data management systems, information
management and querying on the Web, and multimedia and multichannel com-
munication. The research group on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics also covers
x Introduction
the areas of autonomous agents, computational intelligence, machine learning,
autonomousrobotics,computervision,includingrelatedphilosophicalaspects.The
research group on Software Architectures and Methodologies addresses topics on
dependable evolvable software engineering, compiler technologies, and natural
language processing and accessibility. Finally, the research line on Information
Systems focuses on the following sectors: design of adaptive information systems,
dataandinformationquality,BigDataanddataanalysis,socialmediaintelligence,
information security and security analysis, service quality and green information
systems, and design and monitoring of multiparty business processes integrated
with smart objects.
The four Ph.D. theses selected in the Computer Science and Engineering Area
fallintheSystemArchitecturesresearchline,buttheyareaddressingfourdifferent
and challenging research problems.
ThePh.D.thesis“LearningandAdaptationtoDetectChangesandAnomaliesin
High-DimensionalData”byDiegoCarrerainvestigatestheproblemofmonitoringa
datastreamanddetectingwhetherthedatageneratingprocesschanges,fromnormal
tonovelandpossiblyanomalousconditions,hasrelevantapplicationsinmanyreal
scenarios, suchashealthmonitoring andqualityinspectionofindustrial processes.
In the first part, the thesis models data as realization of random vectors, as it is
customaryinthestatisticalliterature.Inthissetting,thethesisfocusesonthechange
detection problem, where thegoalis to detect whether the datastream permanently
departs from normal conditions. The thesis theoretically proves the intrinsic diffi-
culty of this problem when the data dimension increases and propose a novel
nonparametric and multivariate change detectionalgorithm. In the second part, the
thesis focuses on data having complex structure and adopts dictionaries yielding
sparse representations to model normal data. Novel algorithms are proposed to
detect anomalies in such datastreams and to adapt the learned model when the
process generating normal data changes.
The Ph.D. thesis titled “Enhancing Video Recommendation Using Multimedia
Content”byYashar Deldjooisfocusedonhowtoimprove video recommendation
systems by using complex multimedia content and learning form multimodal
sources. The Ph.D. thesis investigates the possibility of uncovering relationships
betweenmodalitiesandobtaininganin-depthunderstandingofnaturalphenomena
occurring in a video. The thesis studies the automated extraction of multimedia
informationfromvideosandtheirintegration withvideorecommendersystems.In
the thesis, a variety of tasks related to movie recommendation using multimedia
content have been studied, implemented, and evaluated. The results of this thesis
confirm the fact that recommender system research can benefit from knowledge in
multimedia signal processing and machine learning over the past years for solving
various recommendation tasks.
The Ph.D. thesis titled “Dynamic Application Autotuning for Self-aware
Approximate Computing” by Davide Gadioli addresses the problem of software
application autotuning to support self-aware approximate computing in several
scenarios, from embedded systems to high-performance computing. To improve
computation efficiency, this thesis focuses on a software-level methodology to