Space-Time Coding: Theory and Practice

320 Pages·2005·3.669 MB·English

by  Jafarkhani H.

This page intentionally left blank
SPACE-TIME CODING: THEORY AND PRACTICE
This book covers the fundamental principles of space-time coding for wireless
communications over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, and sets
out practical coding methods for achieving the performance improvements pre-
dictedbythetheory.
Startingwithbackgroundmaterialonwirelesscommunicationsandthecapacity
ofMIMOchannels,thebookthenreviewsdesigncriteriaforspace-timecodes.A
detailedtreatmentofthetheorybehindspace-timeblockcodesthenleadsontoanin-
depthdiscussionofspace-timetrelliscodes.Thebookcontinueswithdiscussionof
differentialspace-timemodulation,BLASTandsomeotherspace-timeprocessing
methods.Thefinalchapteraddressesadditionaltopicsinspace-timecoding.
Written by one of the inventors of space-time block coding, this book is ideal
for a graduate student familiar with the basics of digital communications, and for
engineersimplementingthetheoryinrealsystems.
Thetheoryandpracticesectionscanbeusedindependentlyofeachother.Exer-
cisescanbefoundattheendofthechapters.
Hamid Jafarkhani is an associate professor in the Department of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California, Irvine, where
he is also the Deputy Director of the Center for Pervasive Communications and
Computing.Beforethis,heworkedformanyyearsatAT&TLabs-Researchwhere
hewasoneoftheco-inventorsofspace-timeblockcoding.

SPACE-TIME CODING
THEORY AND PRACTICE
HAMID JAFARKHANI
UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine
cambridge university press
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb22ru,UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521842914
© Cambridge University Press 2005
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisionof
relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place
without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
Firstpublishedinprintformat 2005
isbn-13 978-0-511-11562-2 eBook (NetLibrary)
isbn-10 0-511-11562-8 eBook (NetLibrary)
isbn-13 978-0-521-84291-4 hardback
isbn-10 0-521-84291-3 hardback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls
forexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication,anddoesnot
guaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.
Contents
Prefacepage ix
Standardnotation xi
Space-timecodingnotation xii
Listofabbreviations xiv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introductiontothebook 1
1.2 Wirelessapplications 2
1.3 Wirelesschannels 5
1.4 Statisticalmodelsforfadingchannels 12
1.5 Diversity 15
1.6 Spatialmultiplexinggainanditstrade-offwithdiversity 23
1.7 Closed-loopversusopen-loopsystems 24
1.8 Historicalnotesontransmitdiversity 26
1.9 Summary 27
1.10 Problems 28
2 Capacityofmultiple-inputmultiple-outputchannels 30
2.1 Transmissionmodelformultiple-inputmultiple-output
channels 30
2.2 CapacityofMIMOchannels 34
2.3 Outagecapacity 39
2.4 Summaryofimportantresults 43
2.5 Problems 44
3 Space-timecodedesigncriteria 45
3.1 Background 45
3.2 Rankanddeterminantcriteria 46
3.3 Tracecriterion 50
3.4 Maximummutualinformationcriterion 52
v
vi Contents
3.5 Summaryofimportantresults 53
3.6 Problems 53
4 Orthogonalspace-timeblockcodes 55
4.1 Introduction 55
4.2 Alamouticode 55
4.3 Maximum-likelihooddecodingandmaximumratio
combining 59
4.4 Realorthogonaldesigns 60
4.5 Generalizedrealorthogonaldesigns 70
4.6 Complexorthogonaldesigns 76
4.7 Generalizedcomplexorthogonaldesigns 77
4.8 Pseudo-orthogonalspace-timeblockcodes 90
4.9 Performanceanalysis 93
4.10 Simulationresults 101
4.11 Summaryofimportantresults 107
4.12 Problems 108
5 Quasi-orthogonalspace-timeblockcodes 110
5.1 Pairwisedecoding 110
5.2 RotatedQOSTBCs 112
5.3 OptimalrotationandperformanceofQOSTBCs 115
5.4 OtherexamplesofQOSTBCs 120
5.5 QOSTBCsforotherthanfourtransmitantennas 122
5.6 Summaryofimportantresults 125
5.7 Problems 125
6 Space-timetrelliscodes 126
6.1 Introduction 126
6.2 Space-timetrelliscoding 130
6.3 ImprovedSTTCs 136
6.4 PerformanceofSTTCs 143
6.5 Simulationresults 145
6.6 Summaryofimportantresults 149
6.7 Problems 149
7 Super-orthogonalspace-timetrelliscodes 151
7.1 Motivation 151
7.2 Super-orthogonalcodes 153
7.3 CGDanalysis 167
7.4 Encodinganddecoding 173
7.5 Performanceanalysis 179
7.6 Extensiontomorethantwoantennas 181
7.7 Simulationresults 187
Contents vii
7.8 Summaryofimportantresults 192
7.9 Problems 193
8 Differentialspace-timemodulation 195
8.1 Introduction 195
8.2 Differentialencoding 198
8.3 Differentialdecoding 203
8.4 Extensiontomorethantwoantennas 207
8.5 Simulationresults 214
8.6 Summaryofimportantresults 218
8.7 Problems 218
9 Spatialmultiplexingandreceiverdesign 221
9.1 Introduction 221
9.2 Spatialmultiplexing 222
9.3 Spheredecoding 223
9.4 Usingequalizationtechniquesinreceiverdesign 227
9.5 V-BLAST 230
9.6 D-BLAST 235
9.7 Turbo-BLAST 238
9.8 Combinedspatialmultiplexingandspace-timecoding 241
9.9 Simulationresults 246
9.10 Summaryofimportantresults 249
9.11 Problems 249
10 Non-orthogonalspace-timeblockcodes 251
10.1 Introduction 251
10.2 Lineardispersionspace-timeblockcodes 252
10.3 Space-timeblockcodesusingnumbertheory 259
10.4 Threadedalgebraicspace-timecodes 260
10.5 Simulationresults 267
10.6 Summaryofimportantresults 270
10.7 Problems 270
11 Additionaltopicsinspace-timecoding 272
11.1 MIMO-OFDM 272
11.2 ImplementationissuesinMIMO-OFDM 278
11.3 Space-timeturbocodes 283
11.4 Beamformingandspace-timecoding 286
11.5 Problems 290
References 291
Index 300