Space Engineering: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Space Engineering

724 Pages·1969·23.09 MB·English

by  A. G. Cardinal Cicognani (auth.), G. A. Partel (eds.)

SPACE ENGINEERING
ASTROPHYSICS AND
SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY
A SERIES OF BOOKS ON THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
OF SPACE SCIENCE AND OF GENERAL GEOPHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS
PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH THE JOURNAL
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
Editorial Board
J. E. BLAMONT, Laboratoire d'Aeronomie, Verrieres, France
R. L. F. BOYD, University College, London, England
L. GOLDBERG, Harvard College Observatory, Cambridge, Mass., USA
C. DE JAGER, University of Utrecht, Holland
z. KOPAL, University of Manchester, Manchester, England
G. H. LUDWIG, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., USA
R. LUST, Institut fiir Extraterrestrische Physik, Garsching-Miinchen, Germany
B. M. MCCORMAC, Geophysics Division, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Ill., USA
H. E. NEWELL, NASA, Washington, D.C., USA
L. I. SEDOV, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR
Z. SVESTKA, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Ondi'ejov, Czechoslovakia
Secretary of the Editorial Board
w. DE GRAAFF, Sterrewacht 'Sonnenborgh', University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Holland
VOLUME 15
SPACE ENGINEERING
Proceedings of the Second International Conference
on Space Engineering
HELD AT THE FONDAZIONE GIORGIO CINI,
ISOLA DI SAN GIORGIO, VENICE, ITALY, MAY 7-10, 1969
ORGANIZED BY
THE CENTRO STUDI TRASPOR TI MISSILISTICI, STM, ROMA, ITALY
AND THE
ASSOCIATION POUR L'ETUDE ET LA RECHERCHE
ASTRONAUTIQUE ET COSMIQUE, AERA, PARIS, FRANCE
Edited by
G.A.PARTEL
Centro Studi Trasporti Missilistici, Rome, Italy
SPRINGER-VERLAG NEW YORK INC. / NEW YORK
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY / DORDRECHT-HOLLAND
SOLE-DISTRIBUTOR FOR NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA
SPRINGER-VERLAG NEW YORK INC. / NEW YORK
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 79-105673
Title No.: 882005
ISBN-13: 978-94-011-7553-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-011-7551-7
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-011-7551-7
© 1970. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm,
or any other means, without written permission from the publisher
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1970
PREFACE
The 2nd International Conference on Space Engineering took place May 7-10, 1969,
at Venice, Italy, under the organization of the Centro Studi Trasporti Missilistici and
the Association pour l'Etude et la Recherche Astronautique et Cosmique.
Its purpose was to bring together those interested in the technological development
of space components, to exchange information by the presentation of papers and to
discuss present problems and future trends, and to this end forty-eight papers were
presented by distinguished experts from all over the world.
The papers were selected from as wide a background as possible, approximately
an equal number coming from the academic and research establishments as from
industry. The principal criterion for their selection was that they should contribute
to the knowledge of Space Engineering, and have application either to the improve-
ment of current technologies or to the design of more advanced systems for the future.
Six pertinent sessions were planned which covered the major areas of interest:
(1) Structures and Materials, where three important papers were presented; (2)
Guidance and Control Systems, in which six valuable papers were presented, in-
cluding problems of controlling space ships, details of the inertial guidance system
of the ELDO launch vehicle, the attitude control system of the "Europa 2"; (3)
Propellants and Combustion, where eleven papers described recent work on solid and
liquid rocket engines, advanced fuels and oxidizers, effects of additives, propellant
injection, propellant expulsion techniques; (4) Propulsion, in which session ten papers
analyzed low-cost launch- and re-entry vehicles, reduction in cost of the first stage,
a booster-ramrocket combination, hybrid motors in sounding rockets, reaction
control engines, solid propellant grain design, small bipropellant rocket engines for
communication satellites, the "Apollo" service module rocket engine, problems as-
sociated with tanks partially filled with liquids; (5) Auxiliary Power Systems, where
four papers were presented, describing ZrH reactor development status, batteries for
satellities and balloons, low power nuclear-energy conversion; (6) Testing, Support
and Accessories, where fourteen papers were presented on selected aspects of ground
testing apparatus, simulation of Mars landing, the deep space network for the "Ma-
riner" vehicles, antenna spacing, space programs in India and Canada, and also
papers on satellite drag measurements, gravitational stabilization systems for satel-
lites, and a new transducer. These papers represent a most important contribution
to the literature in this field.
G. A. PARTEL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface VI
OPENING CEREMONY
Address
by A. G. Cardinal Cicognani 3
PART IjSTRUCTURES AND MATERIALS
Vibrations of Thin Elastic Plates Subject to Random Driving Forces
by W. A. Nash and F. Chou 7
Designing Cost-Effective Pressure Vessels Based on Fracture Mechanics
by L. Raymond 15
Investigation of Low Il(sle-Coatings in a Simulated Space Environment
by L. Preuss, W. Schafer, H. HorsIer, and H. Kostlin 29
PAR T II j GUIDANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
Controle automatique des chaines de telemesures
by P. Gilles 39
Some Problems of Controlling Spaceships
by B. N. Petro v, I. S. Ukolov, and E. I. Mitroshin 52
Numerical Procedures for the Attitude and Orbital Maneuvers Computation
of a Spin-Stabilised Satellite
by R. C. Michelini, G. A caccia, E. Gimelli, and D. Dini 62
A Roll and Pitch Attitude Control Scheme for a Synchronous, Flywheel
Stabilized, Communication Satellite
by F. Leorat, M. Gauvrit, M. Brosson, and R. Capraro 75
Autopilot Compatibility of the Digital Inertial Guidance System Used in the
Eldo 'Europa' Launch Vehicle
by A. H. Cairns 112
Development of the 'Europa I' First Stage attitude Control System to the
'Europa II' Requirements 125
by D. G. Ewart
VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART III/PROPELLANTS AND COMBUSTION, I
Decomposition and Ignition of Ammonium Perchlorate in the Presence of
Sn02-Cr2 03 Catalysts
by F. Solymosi and T. Bansagi 145
Advanced Chemical Rocket Propellants: On the Way from Theory to
Hardware
by R. Lo 155
Advanced Fuels and Oxidizers
by Clair M. Beighley, William R. Fish, and Roger E. Anderson 163
Effect of Additives on the Combustion of Hydrazine/Nitrogen Tetroxide
by Forrest S. Forbes and Robert A. Biggers 190
Effects of Propellant Injection on Resonant Combustion
by W. Hartung 206
Analytical and Experimental Investigations of Aerothermochemical
Processes in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors
by T. Paul Torda 219
PART IV / PROPELLANTS AND COMBUSTION, II
Investigations on Propellant Vaporization and Gas Mixture Formation in a
Liquid Rocket Motor Using Nonhypergolic Propellants
by H. Twardy 241
Physical and Chemical Kinetics of Al and B Flames (An Extended Abstract)
by S. N. B. Murthy 256
Investigation of Boron Combustion for Its Application in Air Augmented
Rockets
~K&~~w ~
Propellant Expulsion Techniques
by E. E. Stein and P. A. van Splinter 280
Investigation of an Injector Concept for Throttleable High-Energy Rocket
Engines
by W. Buschulte 286
PART V / PROPULSION, I
Determination of the Position of the Supersonic Flow Closing Shock Wave
in the Channels of an Air-Breathing Jet Engine
by G. l. Petrov 301
TABLE OF CONTENTS IX
Reduction in Cost of the First Stage, 'Recoverable' First Stages, and First
Stages 'to Be Thrown Away'
by A. Angeloni 307
Low Cost Launch- and Re-Entry Vehicles - a Requirement for Future Space
Flight
by B. H. Goethert 314
Comparison of a Booster-Ram Rocket Combination with a Two-Stage Rocket
for An Acceleration Mission
by H. Gawlik and E. Riester 323
Hybrid Motors in Sounding Rockets - Technical and Economical Advantages
by L. Persson 338
Evolution of Reaction Control Engines for U.S. Manned Spacecraft
by Dwight A. Moberg 347
PART VI/PROPULSION, II
The Morphological Continuum in Solid Propellant Grain Design
by John S. Billheimer and F. R. Wagner 365
Une famille de propulseurs Bi-ergols a poussees comprises entre 40 et 1 kp.
Technologie et possibilites d'application pour Ie Satellite 'Symphonie'
by H. Strobl et G. Munding 398
Design of the Apollo Service Module Rocket Engine for Manned Operation
by A. L. Feldman and D. David 411
Some Problems of the Dynamics of a Space Vehicle with Tanks Partially
Filled with Liquid
~VM~~~ ~
PART VII/ AUXILIARY POWER SYSTEMS
Compact ZrH Reactor Development Status and Reactor Thermoelectric Space
Power Systems
by R. F. Wilson and W. L. Kitterman 435
Batteries d'accumulateurs pour alimentation en energie de satellites
by J. P. Gomis 452
Batteries d'accumulateurs souples nickel-cadmium pour alimentation de
ballons meteorologiques
by B. M onneret 462
Low-Power Nuclear Energy Conversion for Long-Duration Space Missions.
Comparison between Rankine and Brayton Cycles: Dynamic and MHD
Power Conversion
by John W. Bjerklie 469
x TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART VIII/TESTING, SUPPORT AND ACCESSORIES, I
Investigation of the Vibration Modes of a Three Degrees of Freedom Ground
Testing Apparatus for the Attitude-Control System of Satellites
by D. Dini, E. Gimel/i, R. C. Michelini, and R. Ghigliazza 507
Satellites and Heat-Shields Test Facilities at FIAT Aerospace Laboratory
by l. Capriolo 535
Jettisoning Test Equipment at FIAT Aerospace Laboratory
~~&~~ 5~
A Comparison of Satellite Drag Measurement Techniques
by Daniel B. DeBra 563
Satellite Gravitational Stabilization Systems with Maximum Damping Rate
by V. A. Sarychev 574
An Analysis and Simulation of Mars Landing
by E. Kane Casani 584
The Deep Space Network. An Instrument for Radio Navigation for the
Mariner Mission to Mars, 1969
by J. P. Fearey and N. A. Renzetti 599
Optimal Value for the Antenna Spacing of a Three Antenna Interferometer
by V. V. Lebedev 640
PART IX/TESTING, SUPPORT AND ACCESSORIES, II
Space Programme in India
by H. G. S. Murthy 645
The Churchill Research Range and Canada's Space Research Program
by R. S. Rettie 650
Design and Dynamic Characteristics Investigation of a High Performance
Spherical Bearing
by E. Gimelli, D. Dini, R. C. Michelini, and R. Ghigliazza 672
A Polyvalent Data Acquisition System for Ground Space Tests at FIAT
Aerospace Laboratory
by E. Padovano 693
Methodes et moyens d'essais relatifs au developpement des propulseurs
by M. Douat 703
New Capacitive Pressure Transducer for Aerospatial Use
by E. Turd 712
TABLE OF CONTENTS XI
PART X/SPEECHES DELIVERED AT THE BANQUET
Speech by General B. A. Schriever: Manned Space Stations (Gateway to Our
Future in Space) 721
Speech by Academician B. N. Petrov 727