South Asia’s Weak States : Understanding the Regional Insecurity Predicament

353 Pages·2010·3.052 MB·English

by  T. V. Paul

South ASiA’S We Ak S tAteS

S o u t h A S i A’ S
W e A k S tAt e S
Understanding the
Regional Insecurity Predicament
edited by t. V. Paul
StANFoRD SeCuRitY StuDieS
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
South Asia’s weak states : understanding the regional insecurity predicament / edited
by T. V. Paul.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8047-6220-5 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8047-6221-2 (pbk. : alk.
paper)
1. South Asia—Politics and government. 2. National security—South Asia. 3. Inter-
nal security—South Asia. 4. South Asia—Foreign relations. I. Paul, T. V.
DS341.S687 2010
355’.033054—dc22
2010011547
Typeset by Bruce Lundquist in 10/14 Minion
in Memory of Professor t. t. Poulose
of Jawaharlal Nehru university, New Delhi (1922–2008)
—teacher, mentor, and a pioneer of disarmament studies in india

Contents
Tables and Figures ix
Acknowledgments xi
PARt i: iNtRoDuCtioN
1 State Capacity and South Asia’s Perennial insecurity
Problems 3
T. V. Paul
PARt ii: StAte CAPACitY
2 State Failure and States Poised to Fail: South Asia and
Developing Nations 31
Robert I. Rotberg
3 State Formation, Consolidation, and the Security Challenge:
exploring the Causes of State incapacity in South Asia 51
Matthew Lange
4 State, Nations, and the Regional Security order of South Asia 74
Benjamin Miller
5 economic Globalization and State Capacity in South Asia 98
Baldev Raj Nayar
viii Contents
6 Symbiosis and Fracture: Civil Society and Weak States
in South Asia 122
Mustapha Kamal Pasha
PARt iii: the ReGioNAL StAteS
7 Polity, Security, and Foreign Policy in Contemporary india 147
David Malone and Rohan Mukherjee
8 Weak State, Failed State, Garrison State: the Pakistan Saga 170
Lawrence Ziring
9 Afghanistan: A Weak State in the Path of Power Rivalries 195
Rasul Bakhsh Rais
10 Sri Lanka: Challenges in State Consolidation and
Minority integration 220
Sankaran Krishna
11 Bangladesh: “A Weak State” with Multiple
Security Challenges 241
Ali Riaz
12 Rebellion and State Formation in Nepal: implications
for South Asian Security 265
Maya Chadda
PARt iV: CoNCLuSioNS
13 transforming South Asia: is a Pluralistic Security
Community Feasible? 293
T. V. Paul and Theodore McLauchlin
Author Biographies 313
Index 317
tables and Figures
tables
Table 4.1. The effects of the extent of the state-to-nation congruence
and of state strength on state and regional war-proneness 84
Table 5.1. GDP growth: Annual rates and five-year averages (%) 111
Table 5.2. Governance indicators, 2006 113
Table 5.3. Human development index: South Asia 116
Table 5.4. Health expenditures, private and public (% of GDP) 117
Table 5.5. Public spending on education, total (% of GDP) 118
Table 11.1. Bangladesh: Economic indicators, 2003–2007 248
Figures
Figure 4.1. The causal chain between incongruence and violence 79
Figure 11.1. Bangladesh growth accelerated after 1990 249
Figure 11.2. Bangladesh poverty trends 249