Table Of Content

Collection of Native North American Indian Books, Historical Books, Atlases, plus other important au- thors and family heirloom books. As of 12-31-93 \j Earl Ford MccNNaauughton SOURCE BOOK IN ANTHROPOLOGY by KROEBER A. L. and WATERMAN T. T. REVISED EDITION, ILLUSTRATED .fib HARCOURT, BRACE AND COMPANY NEW YORK COPYRIGHT, I931* BY HARCOURT, BRACE AND COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be re- produced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher. [i-4'46] PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 83 CONTENTS HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY 1. HERODOTUS. SOME GREEK ANTHROPOLOGI.CAL.E.XPLANA- TIONS . . . . . . 3 2. LUCRETIUS. ROMAN SPECULATIONS ON THE ORIGIN OF MAN AND CIVILIZATION 9 EVOLUTION 3. CHARLES DARWIN. THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE AND NATURAL SELECTION 17 ......... 4. THOMAS H. HUXLEY. ON THE RELATIONS OF MAN TO THE LOWER ANIMALS 32 5. WILLIAM K. GREGORY. EVOLUTION OF THE PRIMATES AND MAN -37 .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 6. A. HRDLICKA. THE MOST ANCIENT SKELETAL REMAINS OF MAN 43 7. E. A. HOOTON. THE ASYMMETRICAL CHARACTER OF HU- MAN EVOLUTION 67 HEREDITY AND RACE 8. FRANCIS GALTON. HEREDITARY GENIUS . . . 77 9. GUSTAV RETZIUS. THE DEVELOPMENT OF RACE MEASURE- MENTS AND CLASSIFICATION 94 10. LOUIS R. SULLIVAN. ESSENTIALS OF ANTHROPOMETRY 102 . 11. FRANZ BOAS. THE TYPE OF THE HALF-BREED INDIAN . I1 12. FELIX VON LUSCHAN. THE EARLY INHABITANTS OF WESTERN ASIA I1 13. HUMPHREY J. JOHNSON. RACE, LANGUAGE, AND NATION- ALITY IN EUROPE I32 iii Contents iv 14. FRANZ BOAS. CHANGES IN BODILY FORM OF DESCENDANTS OF IMMIGRANTS I4I 15. LAURENCE H. SNYDER. HUMAN BLOOD GROUPS . . . 154 WOODWORTH. RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN MENTAL TRAITS 163 16. R. S. PREHISTORY 17. LORD AVEBURY. THE DIVISIONS OF PREHISTORIC TIME *75 18. A. E. DOUGLASS. TREE GROWTH AND CHRONOLOGY OF PUEBLO PREHISTORY J77 19. W. H. HOLMES. ANCIENT MAYA RUINS . . . . l88 SUBSISTENCE AND MATERIAL CULTURE 20. DAVID PRESCOTT BARROWS. DESERT PLANT FOODS OF THE COAHUILLA 202 21. L. FOURIE. SUBSISTENCE AND SOCIETY AMONG THE HEIKUM BUSHMEN 211 22. A. E. JENKS. TERRACE AGRICULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES 222 23. H. J. SPINDEN. THE ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF AGRI- CULTURE IN AMERICA 227 24. FRANCIS GALTON. THE DOMESTICATION OF .ANIM.ALS.. .. 233 25. NELS C. NELSON. FLINT WORKING BY ISHI .... 244 26. OTIS T. MASON. TYPES OF BASKET WEAVES 249 SOCIAL CULTURE 27. A. RADCLIFFE BROWN. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE KARIERA OF AUSTRALIA 2^7 28. RICHARD THURNWALD. BANARO SOCIETY . • 2&4 29. A. WINIFRED HOERNLE. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NAMA HOTTENTOT 296 30. ROBERT H. LOWIE. MARRIAGE AND SOCIETY AMONG THE CROW INDIANS 3°4 ' • 31. EDWARD WINSLOW GIFFORD. MIWOK MOIETIES . 310 V 32. EDWARD SAPIR. THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE WEST COAST TRIBES 3*7 . . . 33- FRANZ BOAS. IWh, JrU1L.A1Lsti Ur 1nb JS.WAK1U1L 1JNDJAJNS 3O312o 34- BENJAMIN DANKS. SHELL-MONEY.OF.NEW.BR.ITAI.N . . 338 35- R. F. BARTON. IFUGAO LAW 346 36. GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL. WARFARE OF THE PLAINS INDIANS 367 2FTQTWITHTTP A"M"n "RTTTTPTOTTQ PTTTTTTPTh 37- FRANZ BOAS. DECORATIVE ART OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COAST 374 ...... 38. E. B. TYLOR. AMERICAN LOT-GAMES AS EVIDENCE OF ASI- -Ar\T1TP TX'INNT1T'HjRIRVPV-^OKTJTKJTI?vDIj 39- E. A. WALLIS BUDGE. EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHIC WRITING 398 . 40. R. H. CODRINGTON. MELANESIAN RELIGION 412 4i. H. CALLAWAY. THE RELIGION OF THE AMAZULU OF SOUTH AFRICA 420 42. W. THALBITZER. SHAMANS OF THE EAST GREENLAND ES- KIMO ......... 43° 1JZjX^ 7XVI17ITV7j7IXAl7^tQO 437 >4A "Jrp. -np,. rK^jpVyJrL-JvITJAIAXIpS^nD. iTwvrlrAiVmjiCv^ VrTCVtJTt)vITVVlT7\J77l_,.Ari<.?o CKJ\Tr? TI'r7a7n77, rirrLrUripfJa\ 440 45- WASHINGTON MATTHEWS. NAVAHO SONGS AND PRAYERS 442 46. GEORGE GREY. THE CREATION ACCORDING TO THE MAORI 444 . 47- R. B. DIXON. THE CREATION ACCORDING TO THE MAIDU 458 . rD\YvJ\TNaAtMvilxtLr~o*a /O~\rt? Cr»TUtLttT<UttRtaEtt> ..... 48. E. B. TYLOR. ON A METHOD OF INVESTIGATING THE DE- VELOPMENT OF INSTITUTIONS 464 49- A. L. KROEBER. SUB-HUMAN CULTURE BEGINNINGS 472 . .... 50. ERLAND NORDENSKIOLD. THE AMERICAN INDIAN AS AN INVENTOR 489 . . . . 5i. CLARK WISSLER. THE INFLUENCE OF THE.HOR.SE.IN .THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLAINS CULTURE 505 2 vi Contents 52. T. T. WATERMAN. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS 51 53. W. H. R. RIVERS. THE DISAPPEARANCE OF USEFUL ARTS . 524 54. BERTHOLD LAUFER. SOME FUNDAMENTAL IDEAS OF CHI- NESE CULTURE '• 535 MARGARET MEAD. THE ROLE OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN 55. SAMOAN CULTURE 545 • • INDEX 563 PREFACE The passages in this volume have been selected for their utility in stimulating discussion. They are included not because they present ulti- mate scientific truth, but because they embody facts and interpretations which are useful for the exercise of thought on some of the larger problems of anthropology. The book was undertaken and first published in several smaller editions of Selected Readings as an auxiliary to an ordinary working library in anthropology. In that stage it embodied chiefly articles which are out of print or accessible in journals of which even a great library often possesses only a single file. In 1920, the volume was en- larged to about the present size and issued under the present title as a University of California Syllabus. In this form the book was intended as a basis for study in courses of instruction in general anthropology, with collateral and special reading provided according to available A library facilities. reprint in 1924 began to circulate increasingly in a number of institutions where anthropology, sociology, and related branches of social science were taught. The present edition has been prepared with a view to such wider use. To this end, a thorough revision has been made. Only twenty of the fifty-four original selections have been retained unchanged. Six- teen have been altered, mostly by further cutting, but in one or two cases by additions to bring their information up to date. Eighteen articles have been entirely omitted, and replaced by nineteen new ones. There are some famous and many useful passages in anthropological literature which might well have been included. In some of these cases, copyright privileges conflicted; in others, the fact of being written in a foreign language. In still other instances, articles have been omitted because they were essentially interpretative or controversial, assuming the facts as known, instead of presenting them. Passages have been included with whose conclusions the editors do not agree: Galton's on race worth, for instance. In all such instances, however, the author has presented evidence for his case. It is for the reader to analyze his inter- pretation and accept or reject it. Thus, contrary inferences can be and have been drawn, as to the native or foreign origin of American Indian culture, from the articles on the one hand of Nordenskiold, Spinden, viii Preface and Waterman, and on the other, of Tylor and Rivers. Our aim has been to present material not as it favors one or the other view but as it lends itself to understanding of problem and method of attack. That the passages dealing with America about balance in number those from the other continents combined, is not the outcome of the editors' choice, nor, they hope, of any provinciality. English'ethnog- raphers mostly publish in copyright books; their American colleagues more often publish in monographs in the series issued by scientific institutions. Beyond that, it is easier to assemble ten selections, usable in a worklike this one, dealing with Oceania, than five dealing with Africa. We do not know why. Nothing has been included here which is available in W. I. Thomas' Source Book forSocial Origins. The two works differ much more than their titles suggest. Thomas' range is wholly within the social field, his A emphasis often on society, the implied interest psychological. third of our volume is concerned with biological, the remainder with cultural anthropology. The editors have not tried to make this volume cover systematically all the principal facts of anthropology, though they have tried to give some representation to nearly every major subject in anthropological science. They have included no passages purely definitional, concerned with theory alone, or wholly conceptual. Every selection admitted, they trust, has an explicit or implicit bearing on some significant principle or idea. But it always approaches this principle or idea through the medium of concrete fact. A. L. Kroeber T. T. Waterman September 3, 1930 /