Somatic Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols

545 Pages·2012·10.134 MB·English

by  Pranela Rameshwar (auth.), Shree Ram Singh (eds.)

M M B ™
ETHODS IN OLECULAR IOLOGY
Series Editor
John M. Walker
School of Life Sciences
University of Hertfordshire
Hat fi eld, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/7651

Somatic Stem Cells
Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Shree Ram Singh
Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
Editors
Shree Ram Singh, Ph.D
Mouse Cancer Genetics Program
National Cancer Institute
Frederick, MD, USA
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029
ISBN 978-1-61779-814-6 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-815-3
DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-815-3
Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012937069
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Preface
Most cells within an organism are committed to fulfi lling a single function within the body.
Of the estimated trillion cells in our body, only a small number can self-renew and produce
a diverse range of specialized cell types. These are the stem cells, which are responsible for
maintaining tissue homeostasis. When such maintenance fails, degeneration of specifi c cell
types can take place and results in several degenerative diseases. On the other hand, when
stem cells and their descendants overproliferate, tumors can develop, resulting in cancer.
Stem cells provide an opportunity to study the growth and differentiation of individual cells
into tissues. Understanding these processes could provide insights into the causes of birth
defects, genetic abnormalities, and other disease conditions. Stem cells can be transplanted
into the body to treat several diseases or injuries.
Stem cells are found in almost all organisms from the early stages of development to the
end of life. There are several types of stem cells that have been reported. All of them may
prove useful for medical research; however, each of the different types has both promise and
limitations. Embryonic stem cells, which can be derived from a very early stage in develop-
ment, have the potential to produce all of the body’s cell types. Adult stem cells, which are
found in certain tissues, may be limited to producing only certain types of specialized cells.
However, recent studies suggest that adult stem cells might be more fl exible than previ-
ously thought, and might be able to produce a wider variety of cell types. Stem cells have
recently attracted signifi cant attention largely due to their potential therapeutic use in
regenerative medicine and for developing anticancer therapies to eliminate cancer stem
cells. Understanding the mechanisms regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation
is a very hot topic in developmental biology and stem cell medicine. However, the mecha-
nism of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation remains elusive, because proliferation and
differentiation occur simultaneously and are diffi cult to analyze. Recent studies on repro-
gramming the adult somatic cells to become as embryonic stem cells (induced pluripotent
stem cells) through the introduction of embryonic genes also attracted signifi cant attention
because these cells can be useful tools for drug development and modeling of diseases, as
well as in transplantation medicine.
To understand the potential therapeutic use of stem cells, fi rst we have to learn how to
identify, isolate, and characterize the somatic stem cells from different tissues and organs.
The Somatic Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols is intended to present selected genetic,
molecular, and cellular techniques used in somatic stem cell research and its clinical applica-
tion. The chapters are mainly focused on the isolation, characterization, purity, plasticity,
and clinical uses of somatic stem cells from a variety of human and animal tissues. Chapters
include information that will assist researchers in identifi cation, characterizing and studying
different types of stem cells, and their differentiation potential. Composed in the highly
successful M ethods in Molecular Biology series format, each chapter contains a brief introduc-
tion, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a notes section which shares
tips on troubleshooting to avoid known pitfalls. I hope that S omatic Stem Cells: Methods and
Protocols provides fundamental techniques to cell and molecular biologists, developmental
v
vi Preface
biologists, tissue engineers, geneticists, clinicians, and students and postdoctoral working in
the various disciplines of stem cell research and its potential application in regenerative
medicine.
I would like to thank Prof. John M. Walker and the staff at Humana+Springer for their
invitation, editorial guidance, and assistance throughout preparation of the book for publi-
cation. I also would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to the contributors
for sharing their precious laboratory expertise with the stem cell community. Last but not
least my family members for their continued support.
Frederick, MD, USA Shree Ram Singh, Ph.D
Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
PART I INTRODUCTION
1 Current Thoughts on the Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Pranela Rameshwar
PART II STEM CELL STUDY IN LOWER ORGANISM
2 A Unique FACS Method to Isolate Stem Cells in Planarian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Tetsutaro Hayashi and Kiyokazu Agata
3 Identi fi cation of Neural Stem Cells in the Drosophila Larval Brain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Mo Weng, Hideyuki Komori, and Cheng-Yu Lee
4 Generation and Staining of Intestinal Stem Cell Lineage in Adult Midgut. . . . . . . . 47
Shree Ram Singh, Manoj K. Mishra, Maduri Kango-Singh,
and Steven X. Hou
PART III STEM CELL STUDY IN MURINE AND HUMAN MODEL
5 Developing a Quantitative In Vivo Tissue Reconstitution Assay to Assess
the Relative Potency of Candidate Populations of Mouse Oesophageal
Epithelial Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Daniel Croagh, Rick Redvers, Wayne A. Phillips, and Pritinder Kaur
6 Identi fi cation, Isolation, and Culture of Intestinal Epithelial Stem
Cells from Murine Intestine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
A.D. Gracz, B.J. Puthoff, and S.T. Magness
7 Isolation and Characterization of Distal Lung Progenitor Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Barbara Driscoll, Alex Kikuchi, Allison N. Lau, Jooeun Lee,
Raghava Reddy, Edwin Jesudason, Carla F. Kim, and David Warburton
8 Transplantation of Mouse Fetal Liver Cells for Analyzing the Function
of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Kristbjorn Orri Gudmundsson, Steven W. Stull, and Jonathan R. Keller
9 Convenient and Effi cient Enrichment of the CD133+ Liver Cells
from Rat Fetal Liver as a Source of Liver Stem/Progenitor Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Weihui Liu, Nan You, and Kefeng Dou
10 Assessing the Potential Clinical Utility of Transplantations of Neural
and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases. . . . . . . . . . 147
Laurent Lescaudron, C. Boyer, Virginie Bonnamain, K.D. Fink,
X. Lévêque, J. Rossignol, V. Nerrière-Daguin, A.C. Malouet, F. Lelan,
N.D. Dey, D. Michel-Monigadon, M. Lu, I. Neveu, S. von Hörsten,
P. Naveilhan, and G.L. Dunbar
vii
viii Contents
11 Functional Identifi cation of Neural Stem Cell-Derived Oligodendrocytes . . . . . . . . 165
So fi a Grade, Fabienne Agasse, Liliana Bernardino, and João O. Malva
12 Stem/Progenitor Cells in Murine Mammary Gland: Isolation
and Functional Characterization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Abhik Bandyopadhyay, Qiaoxiang Dong, and Lu-Zhe Sun
13 A Reporter Assay to Detect Transfer and Targeting of miRNAs
in Stem Cell-Breast Cancer Co-cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Steven J. Greco, Shyam A. Patel, and Pranela Rameshwar
14 Isolation, Culture, and Osteogenic/Chondrogenic Differentiation
of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Susanne Grässel, Sabine Stöckl, and Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
15 Obtaining Freshly Isolated and Cultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells
from Human Adipose Tissue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Andrew C. Boquest and Philippe Collas
16 Collection, Processing, and Banking of Umbilical Cord Blood Stem
Cells for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Michael S. Badowski and David T. Harris
17 Generation of Functional Islets from Human Umbilical Cord
and Placenta Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Sachin Kadam, Vijayendran Govindasamy, and Ramesh Bhonde
18 Isolation and Characterization of Human Prostate Stem/Progenitor Cells . . . . . . . 315
Changyong Guo, Baohui Zhang, and Isla P. Garraway
19 Isolation and Expansion of Adult Cardiac Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Form
of Cardiospheres from Human Cardiac Biopsies and Murine Hearts . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Isotta Chimenti, Roberto Gaetani, Lucio Barile, Elvira Forte,
Vittoria Ionta, Francesco Angelini, Giacomo Frati, Elisa Messina,
and Alessandro Giacomello
20 Isolation and Differentiation of Human Cardiomyocyte Progenitor
Cells into Cardiomyocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Anke M. Smits, Angelique A. van Oorschot, and Marie-José Goumans
21 Isolation, Expansion, and Characterization of Human Islet-Derived
Progenitor Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Mugdha V. Joglekar and Anandwardhan A. Hardikar
22 Isolation and Characterization of Resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells
in Human Glomeruli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Stefania Bruno and Giovanni Camussi
23 Endothelial Colony-Forming Progenitor Cell Isolation and Expansion. . . . . . . . . . 381
Nicole A. Hofmann, Andreas Reinisch, and Dirk Strunk
24 Isolation and Characterization of Stem Cell-Enriched Human
and Canine Hair Follicle Keratinocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Manabu Ohyama and Tetsuro Kobayashi
25 Human Salivary Gland Stem Cells: Isolation, Propagation,
and Characterization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Silke Schwarz and Nicole Rotter
Contents ix
26 Identi fi cation, Isolation, Characterization, and Banking of Human
Dental Pulp Stem Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
Virginia Tirino, Francesca Paino, Alfredo De Rosa, and Gianpaolo Papaccio
27 Isolation and Differentiation Potential of Fibroblast-Like Stromal Cells
Derived from Human Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Hsing-I Huang and Chung-Zu Wu
28 Immortalization of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
with Telomerase and Red Fluorescence Protein Expression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
Chao-Ling Yao and Shiaw-Min Hwang
29 Genetic Modifi cation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Andréia Escosteguy Vargas, Melissa Medeiros Markoski,
Andrés Delgado Cañedo, Flávia Helena da Silva, and Nance Beyer Nardi
30 Methodology, Biology and Clinical Applications of Human
Mesenchymal Stem Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Melissa Camassola, Luisa Maria Gomes de Macedo Braga,
Pedro Cesar Chagastelles, and Nance Beyer Nardi
31 In Vitro Production of Enucleated Red Blood Cells
from Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
Kenichi Miharada and Yukio Nakamura
32 Methods for Cancer Stem Cell Detection and Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
Virginia Tirino, Vincenzo Desiderio, Francesca Paino,
Gianpaolo Papaccio, and Mario De Rosa
33 Biocompatible Nanoparticle Labeling of Stem Cells and Their
Distribution in Brain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Ashish K. Rehni, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Mansi Chitkara, and I.S. Sandhu
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539