Social work with groups : a comprehensive worktext

676 Pages·2015·10.713 MB·English

by  Charles Zastrow

Council on Social Work Education Educational
Policy and Accreditation Standards by Chapter
The 10 Competencies and 41 Recommended Practice Chapter(s) Where
Behaviors (EPAS 2008): Referenced:
Social Work with Groups: A Comprehensive Worktext, 9e, now includes explicit references to
the Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards’ (EPAS) 10 core competencies and 41 recom- EP 2.1.5 Advance Human Rights and Social and Economic Justice:
mended practice behaviors. The column on the right informs the reader in which chapters the
a. Understand forms and mechanisms of oppression and discrimination 2, 7
icons appear.
b. Advocate for human rights and social and economic justice 2, 7
c. Engage in practices that advance social and economic justice 2, 7
The 10 Competencies and 41 Recommended Practice Chapter(s) Where
Behaviors (EPAS 2008): Referenced: EP 2.1.6 Engage in Research-Informed Practice and Practice-Informed Research:
EP 2.1.1 Identify as a Professional Social Worker and Conduct Oneself Accordingly: a. Use practice experience to inform scientific inquiry 2, 14
b. Use research evidence to inform practice 2, 14
a. Advocate for client access to the services of social work 2, 6
b. Practice personal reflection and self-correction to assure continual professional 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, EP 2.1.7 Apply Knowledge of Human Behavior and the Social Environment:
development 12, M3, M4
a. Utilize conceptual frameworks to guide the process of assessment, 1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11,
intervention, and evaluation M1, M3, M4
c. Attend to professional roles and boundaries 2, 12
b. Critique and apply knowledge to understand person and environment 2, 8
d. Demonstrate professional demeanor in behavior, appearance, and communication 2, 4, 6, 12
EP 2.1.8 Engage in Policy Practice to Advance Social and Economic
e. Engage in career-long learning 2
Well-Being and to Deliver Effective Social Work Services:
f. Use supervision and consultation 2
a. Analyze, formulate, and advocate for policies that advance social well-being 2, 6
EP 2.1.2 Apply Social Work Ethical Principles to Guide Professional Practice: b. Collaborate with colleagues and clients for effective policy action 2, 6
a. Recognize and manage personal values in a way that allows professional values to 2, 7 EP 2.1.9 Respond to Contexts That Shape Practice:
guide practice
a. Continuously discover, appraise, and attend to changing locales, 2, 6, 10, M3, M4
b. Make ethical decisions by applying standards of the National Association of Social 2, 12
populations, scientific and technological developments, and emerging
Workers Code of Ethics and, as applicable, of the International Federation of Social
societal trends to provide relevant services
Workers/International Association of Schools of Social Work Ethics in Social Work,
Statement of Principles b. Provide leadership in promoting sustainable changes in service 2
delivery and practice to improve the quality of social services
c. Tolerate ambiguity in resolving ethical conflicts 2
d. Apply strategies of ethical reasoning to arrive at principled decisions 2, 6 EP 2.1.10 E ngage, Assess, Intervene, and Evaluate with Individuals, Families,
Groups, Organizations and Communities:
EP 2.1.3 Apply Critical Thinking to Inform and Communicate Professional
a. Substantively and affectively prepare for action with individuals, 2, 6, 9, 12, 13, M1, M2
Judgments:
families, groups, organizations, and communities
a. Distinguish, appraise, and integrate multiple sources of knowledge, 2
b. Use empathy and other interpersonal skills 2, 12, 13
including research-based knowledge and practice wisdom
c. Develop a mutually agreed-on focus of work and desired outcomes 2, 6, 12, 13
b. Analyze models of assessment, prevention, intervention, and evaluation 2
d. Collect, organize, and interpret client data 2, 12, 13
c. Demonstrate effective oral and written communication in working with 2, 5, 6
individuals, families, groups, organizations, communities, and colleagues e. Assess client strengths and limitations 2, 5, 7, 12, 13
f. Develop mutually agreed-on intervention goals and objectives 2, 12, 13
EP 2.1.4 Engage Diversity and Difference in Practice:
g. Select appropriate intervention strategies 2, 9, 11, 12, 13
a. Recognize the extent to which a culture’s structures and values may 2, 7
oppress, marginalize, alienate, or create or enhance privilege and power h. Initiate actions to achieve organizational goals 2
i. Implement prevention interventions that enhance client capacities 2
b. Gain sufficient self-awareness to eliminate the influence of personal 2, 7
biases and values in working with diverse groups j. Help clients resolve problems 2, 12, 13
c. Recognize and communicate their understanding of the importance of difference 2, 7 k. Negotiate, mediate, and advocate for clients 2, 6
in shaping life experiences
l. Facilitate transitions and endings 2, 12, 13
d. View themselves as learners and engage those with whom they work 2, 7
m. Critically analyze, monitor, and evaluate interventions 2, 14
as informants
Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
46401_ifc_se_ptg01_hr.indd 1 INSIDE COVER /Zastrow, Social Work With Groups, 9th Edition ISBN -978-1-285-74640-1 ©2015 Designer: L. Entringer 28-09-2013 13:13:25
Text & Cover printer: ? Binding: PB Trim: 8.5" x 10.875" 2 color: balck + PMS 302
Council on Social Work Education Educational
Policy and Accreditation Standards by Chapter
The 10 Competencies and 41 Recommended Practice Chapter(s) Where
Behaviors (EPAS 2008): Referenced:
Social Work with Groups: A Comprehensive Worktext, 9e, now includes explicit references to
the Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards’ (EPAS) 10 core competencies and 41 recom- EP 2.1.5 Advance Human Rights and Social and Economic Justice:
mended practice behaviors. The column on the right informs the reader in which chapters the
a. Understand forms and mechanisms of oppression and discrimination 2, 7
icons appear.
b. Advocate for human rights and social and economic justice 2, 7
c. Engage in practices that advance social and economic justice 2, 7
The 10 Competencies and 41 Recommended Practice Chapter(s) Where
Behaviors (EPAS 2008): Referenced: EP 2.1.6 Engage in Research-Informed Practice and Practice-Informed Research:
EP 2.1.1 Identify as a Professional Social Worker and Conduct Oneself Accordingly: a. Use practice experience to inform scientific inquiry 2, 14
b. Use research evidence to inform practice 2, 14
a. Advocate for client access to the services of social work 2, 6
b. Practice personal reflection and self-correction to assure continual professional 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, EP 2.1.7 Apply Knowledge of Human Behavior and the Social Environment:
development 12, M3, M4
a. Utilize conceptual frameworks to guide the process of assessment, 1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11,
intervention, and evaluation M1, M3, M4
c. Attend to professional roles and boundaries 2, 12
b. Critique and apply knowledge to understand person and environment 2, 8
d. Demonstrate professional demeanor in behavior, appearance, and communication 2, 4, 6, 12
EP 2.1.8 Engage in Policy Practice to Advance Social and Economic
e. Engage in career-long learning 2
Well-Being and to Deliver Effective Social Work Services:
f. Use supervision and consultation 2
a. Analyze, formulate, and advocate for policies that advance social well-being 2, 6
EP 2.1.2 Apply Social Work Ethical Principles to Guide Professional Practice: b. Collaborate with colleagues and clients for effective policy action 2, 6
a. Recognize and manage personal values in a way that allows professional values to 2, 7 EP 2.1.9 Respond to Contexts That Shape Practice:
guide practice
a. Continuously discover, appraise, and attend to changing locales, 2, 6, 10, M3, M4
b. Make ethical decisions by applying standards of the National Association of Social 2, 12
populations, scientific and technological developments, and emerging
Workers Code of Ethics and, as applicable, of the International Federation of Social
societal trends to provide relevant services
Workers/International Association of Schools of Social Work Ethics in Social Work,
Statement of Principles b. Provide leadership in promoting sustainable changes in service 2
delivery and practice to improve the quality of social services
c. Tolerate ambiguity in resolving ethical conflicts 2
d. Apply strategies of ethical reasoning to arrive at principled decisions 2, 6 EP 2.1.10 E ngage, Assess, Intervene, and Evaluate with Individuals, Families,
Groups, Organizations and Communities:
EP 2.1.3 Apply Critical Thinking to Inform and Communicate Professional
a. Substantively and affectively prepare for action with individuals, 2, 6, 9, 12, 13, M1, M2
Judgments:
families, groups, organizations, and communities
a. Distinguish, appraise, and integrate multiple sources of knowledge, 2
b. Use empathy and other interpersonal skills 2, 12, 13
including research-based knowledge and practice wisdom
c. Develop a mutually agreed-on focus of work and desired outcomes 2, 6, 12, 13
b. Analyze models of assessment, prevention, intervention, and evaluation 2
d. Collect, organize, and interpret client data 2, 12, 13
c. Demonstrate effective oral and written communication in working with 2, 5, 6
individuals, families, groups, organizations, communities, and colleagues e. Assess client strengths and limitations 2, 5, 7, 12, 13
f. Develop mutually agreed-on intervention goals and objectives 2, 12, 13
EP 2.1.4 Engage Diversity and Difference in Practice:
g. Select appropriate intervention strategies 2, 9, 11, 12, 13
a. Recognize the extent to which a culture’s structures and values may 2, 7
oppress, marginalize, alienate, or create or enhance privilege and power h. Initiate actions to achieve organizational goals 2
i. Implement prevention interventions that enhance client capacities 2
b. Gain sufficient self-awareness to eliminate the influence of personal 2, 7
biases and values in working with diverse groups j. Help clients resolve problems 2, 12, 13
c. Recognize and communicate their understanding of the importance of difference 2, 7 k. Negotiate, mediate, and advocate for clients 2, 6
in shaping life experiences
l. Facilitate transitions and endings 2, 12, 13
d. View themselves as learners and engage those with whom they work 2, 7
m. Critically analyze, monitor, and evaluate interventions 2, 14
as informants
Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
46401_ifc_se_ptg01_hr.indd 1 INSIDE COVER /Zastrow, Social Work With Groups, 9th Edition ISBN -978-1-285-74640-1 ©2015 Designer: L. Entringer 28-09-2013 13:13:25
Text & Cover printer: ? Binding: PB Trim: 8.5" x 10.875" 2 color: balck + PMS 302
Social Work with Groups
A Comprehensive Worktext
Ninth Edition
Charles H. Zastrow, MSW, PhD
George Williams College of Aurora University
Australia•Brazil•Mexico•Singapore•UnitedKingdom•UnitedStates
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Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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ToKathy,Mywifeandsoulmate
Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Contents
Preface xv EXERCISE1.1 TheGarland,Jones,andKolodny
Model 21
About the Author xviii
Tuckman Model 21
CHAPTER 1 Groups: Types and Stages EXERCISE1.2 TheTuckmanModel 22
Northen and Kurland Model 22
of Development 1
EXERCISE1.3 TheNorthenandKurlandModel 23
HistoricalDevelopment of Group Sequential Stage Models of Group
Work 1 Development 23
Settlement Houses 2 Bales Model 24
Young Men’s Christian Association
Group Cohesion 24
(YMCA) 2
EXERCISE1.4 VariablesThatImpactGroup
Types of Groups 3
Cohesion 26
Social Conversation 3
Recreation/Skill Building 3 Membership and ReferenceGroups 26
Education 4 Breaking theIce 27
Task 4
EXERCISE1.5 UnderstandingMembership
Problem Solvingand Decision Making 4
andReferenceGroups 28
Focus 6
Self-Help and Mutual-Aid 7 Experiential Learning 28
Socialization 7 Ethics and Guidelines for Conducting
Treatment 8 Exercises 29
Pitfalls to Avoid in ConductingClass
Common Types ofTreatment Groups 8
Exercises 30
Psycho-Educational Groups 11
Symptom Management Groups 11 Summary 31
Anger Management Groups 11 Group Exercises 31
LifeSkills Groups 11
EXERCISEA GettingAcquainted 31
Social Skills Groups 12
Process Groups 12 EXERCISEB IntroducingaPartner 32
Stress Management Groups 12 EXERCISEC PersonalExpectationsfortheGroup 32
Specialty Groups 12
EXERCISED SearchingforDescriptors 32
Sensitivity and Encounter Training 13
EXERCISEE WhyIDecidedtoBea
InitialDevelopment of Groups 16
SocialWorker 33
DeterminingObjectives 16
Size 16
Open-Ended Versus Closed-Ended Groups 17 CHAPTER2 SocialGroupWorkandSocialWork
Duration 17
Practice 34
Stages of Groups 18
Intake 18 Definition ofSocialWork 34
Selection of Members 18 Relationship Between SocialWork and Social
Assessment and Planning 18 Welfare 35
Group Development and Intervention 19
What Is theProfession of Social Work? 35
Evaluation and Termination 19
Generalist Social Work Practice 36
Models of Group Development
overTime 19 EXERCISE2.1 YourAreasofInterestinSocial
Garland,Jones, and Kolodny Model 19 Work 37
v
Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
vi Contents
TheChange Process 38 EXERCISE2.6 ApplyingtheProblem-Solving
Phase1:EngagingClients in an Appropriate Approach 55
WorkingRelationship 40 Micro, Mezzo, and Macro Practice 55
Phase2:Identifying Issues,Problems,Needs, Social Casework 55
Resources,and Assets 40 Case Management 56
Phase3:Collectingand Assessing Group Work 57
Information 41 Group Treatment 57
Phase4:Planningfor ServiceDelivery 41 Family Treatment 57
Phase5:Using Communication Community Organization 58
Skills,Supervision, and Policy Analysis 58
Consultation 41 Administration 58
Phase6:Identifying,Analyzing, and
EXERCISE2.7 IdentifyingYourInterestinVariousSocial
ImplementingEmpiricallyBasedInterventions
WorkActivities 59
Designed to Achieve Client Goals 42
Phase7:ApplyingEmpirical Knowledge and Knowledge, Skills, and Values Needed forSocial
Technology 43 Work Practice 60
Phase8:EvaluatingProgram Outcomes and SocialGroupWorkasaComponentofSocialWork
Practice Effectiveness 43 Practice 63
A Variety of Roles 44 Summary 64
Enabler 44
Group Exercises 65
Broker 44
Advocate 44 EXERCISEA OptionsPlanning 65
Empowerer 44
EXERCISEB SocialWorkwithGroupsandGeneralist
Activist 44 Practice 66
Mediator 45
EXERCISEC AssessingCoreCompetenciesandPractice
Negotiator 45
Behaviors 66
Educator 45
Initiator 45 EXERCISED AssessingCoreCompetenciesand
Coordinator 45 PracticeBehaviorsinClassandin
Researcher 46 FieldPlacement 70
Group Facilitator 46 EXERCISEE SocialWorkValueIssues 78
PublicSpeaker 46
EXERCISEF OlgaandIgor 80
A Systems Perspective 46
EXERCISEG GenieandtheMagicLantern 81
EXERCISE2.2 YourInterestinVariousSocial
EXERCISEH PregnancyandTragedy 81
WorkRoles 47
MedicalModelVersus EcologicalModel 48
Medical Model 48 CHAPTER 3 Group Dynamics: Leadership 84
EXERCISE2.3 UnderstandingtheMajorMental
Approaches to Leadership 84
Disorders 48
Ecological Model 50 The Trait Approach 84
EXERCISE2.4 UnderstandingtheMedicalModelandthe EXERCISE3.1 TheCharismaticLeader 86
EcologicalModel 51
EXERCISE3.2 MachiavellianLeaders 87
Goals of SocialWork Practice 52 The Position Approach 87
Goal 1: Enhance the Clients’ Problem-Solving, The Leadership-Style Approach 88
Coping,and Developmental Capacities 52 The Distributed-Functions Approach 88
Goal 2: Link Clients with Systems That
EXERCISE3.3 Authoritarian,Democratic,
ProvideResources, Services,and
andLaissez-FaireLeaders 89
Opportunities 52
Servant Leadership Approach 90
Goal 3: Promotethe Effective and Humane
Operation of Systems That ProvideResources EXERCISE3.4 ApplyingtheDistributed-Function
Approach 90
and Services 52
Goal 4: Develop and ImproveSocial Policy 52 EXERCISE3.5 ServantLeaders 92
Goal 5: PromoteHuman and Community
Leadership Roles 92
Well-Being 53
Task and MaintenanceRoles 92
AProblem-Solving Approach 53 Other Roles 94
EXERCISE2.5 YourInterestinAchievingtheGoals EXERCISE3.6 YourTaskandMaintenanceContributions
ofSocialWork 54 toaGroup 95
Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.