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Social Theory: A Historical Introduction PDF

394 Pages·2007·11.565 MB·English
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Social Theory Second Edition Social Theory A Historical Introduction Second Edition Alex Callinicos polity Copyright © A. T. Callinicos 2007 The right of A. T. Callinicos to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2007 by Polity Press Polity Press 65 Bridge Street Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK Polity Press 350 Main Street Malden, MA 02148, USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN-10: 0-7456-3839-2 ISBN-13: 978-07456-3839-3 ISBN-10: 0-7456-3840-6 (pb) ISBN-13: 978-07456-3840-9 (pb) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset in 10 on 12 pt Times by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd, Hong Kong For further information on Polity, visit our website: www.polity.co.uk In Memoriam Aelda Callinicos (1920-1994) CONTENTS Preface to the First Edition and Acknowledgements x Preface to the Second Edition and Acknowledgements xi Note to Readers xiii Introduction 1 1 The Enlightenment 10 1.1 Prehistory 10 1.2 The concept of modernity 13 1.3 A moral science 15 1.4 The development of social theory 20 1.5 Inner strains 25 2 Hegel 39 2.1 Reconciling modernity 39 2.2 The labour of the negative 47 2.3 The debate over modernity 54 3 Liberalsa nd Reactionaries 57 3.1 Post-Revolutionary debates 57 3.2 Agonistic liberalism: Tocqueville and Mill 67 3.3 Providence and race: Maistre and Gobineau 72 4 Marx 78 4.1 The adventures of the dialectic 78 4.2 History and capitalism 84 4.3 Class struggle and revolution 92 viii Contents 5 Life and Power 100 5.1 Evolution before and after Darwin 100 5.2 Two evolutionists: Spencer and Kautsky 108 5.3 Nature as the will to power: Nietzsche 115 6 Durkheim 123 6.1 Social evolution and scientific objectivity 123 6.2 Society as a moral reality 133 6.3 Meaning and belief 139 7 Weber 146 7.1 Prussian agriculture and the German state 146 7.2 Science and the warring gods 153 7.3 History and rationalization 159 7.4 Liberal imperialism and democratic politics 170 8 The Illusions of Progress 179 8.1 The strange death of liberal Europe 179 8.2 Objectivity and estrangement: Simmel 182 8.3 The self dissected: Freud 187 8.4 Memories of underdevelopment: Russian intellectuals and capitalism 193 9 Revolution and Counter-Revolution 202 9.1 Hegelian Marxism: Lukacs and Gramsci 202 9.2 Heidegger and the conservative revolution 214 10 The Golden Age 227 10.1 Theories of capitalism: Keynes and Hayek 227 10.2 Functionalist sociology: Talcott Parsons 237 10.3 Despairing critique: the Frankfurt School 245 11 Crack-Up? 258 11.1 The 1960s and after 258 11.2 Structure and subject: Levi-Strauss and Althusser 267 11.3 Nietzsche’s revenge: Foucault and post-structuralism 276 11.4 Carrying on the tradition: Habermas and Bourdieu 284 12 Debating Modernity and Postmodernity 299 13 Changing the Subject: Globalization, Capitalism, and Imperialism 323 13.1 Much ado about globalization 323

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