Social Policy in Sub-Saharan African Context: In Search of Inclusive Development (Social Policy in a Development Context)

278 Pages·2007·0.96 MB·English

by  Jimi Adesina

Social Policy in Sub-Saharan
African Context
In Search of Inclusive Development
Edited by
’Jìmí O. Adésínà
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Social Policy in Sub-Saharan African Context
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Social Policy in a Development Context
General Editors: Thandika Mkandawire and Huck-ju Kwon, both at UNRISD
Social Policy in a Development Context is a new series which places social pol-
icy at the centre of research while maintaining the United Nations Research
Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)’s unified approach to social develop-
ment. The series provides a new and exciting contribution to the literature in
economic development and social policy. In economic development, social pol-
icy has been recognized as an integral part of development, but the literature
often falls short of elaborating social policy for a unified approach to economic
and social development. In social policy, analysis has concentrated mainly on
European and North American countries, and studies on developing countries
often lack comparative rigour. The bridge between economic development and
social policy will not only contribute to the academic research but also inform
the policy debate at the international and national levels.
Titles include:
’Jìmí O. Adésínà (editor)
SOCIAL POLICY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN CONTEXT
In Search of Inclusive Development
Manuel Riesco (editor)
LATIN AMERICA
A New Developmental Welfare State Model in the Making?
Giovanni Andrea Cornia (editor)
PRO-POOR MACROECONOMICS
Potential and Limitations
Olli Kangas and Joakim Palme (editors)
SOCIAL POLICY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORDIC
COUNTRIES
Massoud Karshenas and Valentine M. Moghadam (editors)
SOCIAL POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Political, Economics and Gender Dynamics
Huck-Ju Kwon (editor)
THE DEVELOPMENTAL WELFARE STATE AND POLICY REFORMS IN EAST ASIA
Maureen Mackintosh and Meri Koivusalo (editors)
COMMERCIALIZATION OF HEALTH CARE
Global and Local Dynamics and Policy Responses
Thandika Mkandawire (editor)
SOCIAL POLICY IN A DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT
Shahra Razavi and Shireen Hassim (editors)
GENDER AND SOCIAL POLICY IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT
Uncovering the Gendered Structure of ‘the Social’
Social Policy in a Development Context
Series Standing Order ISBN 1–4039–4295-1 (hardback) 1–4039–4296-X (paperback)
(outside North America only)
You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order.
Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with
your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above.
Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire RG21 6XS, England
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Social Policy in
Sub-Saharan
African Context
In Search of Inclusive Development
Edited by
’Jìmí O. Adésínà
02305_20839_01_preiv.qxp 5/15/2007 5:03 PM Page iv
© UNRISD 2007
All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of this publication
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First published 2007 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
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ISBN–13:978–0–230–52083–7 hardback
ISBN–10:0–230–52083–9 hardback
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Social policy in sub-Saharan African context :in search of inclusive
development / edited by ’Jìmí O.Adésínà.
p.cm.— (Social policy in a development context)
Co-published with UNRISD.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13:978–0–230–52083–7 (cloth)
ISBN-10:0–230–52083–9 (cloth)
1.Social planning–Africa,Sub-Saharan.2.Africa,Sub-Saharan–Social
policy.3.Africa,Sub-Saharan–Social conditions. I.Adesina,Jimi O.
II.United Nations Research Institute for Social Development.
HN773.5.S57 2007
320.60967–dc22 2006050813
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Antony Rowe Ltd,Chippenham and Eastbourne
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In Memoriam
To the memory of Chachage Seithy Loth Chachage
(8 January 1955 to 9 July 2006)
A companion of honour and outstanding pan-African scholar,
for a life well-spent.
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Contents
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x
Foreword xi
Preface xiv
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xv
Notes on Contributors xix
1 In Search of Inclusive Development: Introduction 1
’Jìmí O. Adésínà
2 Ruling Ideas and Social Development in Sub-Saharan Africa:
An Assessment of Nationalist, Keynesian and
Neoliberal Paradigms 54
Abdul-Ganiyu Garba
3 Social Policy and Development in East Africa: The
Case of Education and Labour Market Policies 87
Chachage Seithy L. Chachage
4 Education, Employment and Development in
Southern Africa: The Role of Social Policy in Botswana,
South Africa and Zimbabwe 112
Fred T. Hendricks
5 Social Policy and the Challenge of Development in Nigeria
and Ghana: The Cases of Education and Labour
Market Policies 148
Bola Udegbe
6 The Role of Social Policy in Development: Health, Water
and Sanitation in East Africa 171
Rosemary Atieno and Alfred Ouma Shem
vii
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viii Contents
7 The Sociopolitical Structure of Accumulation and Social
Policy in Southern Africa 198
Patrick Bond
8 Social Policy in the Development Context: Water, Health and
Sanitation in Ghana and Nigeria 224
Oka Obono
Index 247
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List of Tables
1.1 Selected social development indicators of some sub-Saharan
African countries 13
1.2 Gender and illiteracy rates (% of people age 15 and above)
1970–2000 19
1.3 National wealth, public spending and social policy
outcomes (2002) 21
1.4 Per capita government expenditure on health at average
exchange rate (US$) 28
2.1 The ruling advice, 1950s–1990s 57
2.2 Tanzania: summary statistics 64
2.3 Keynesian innovations in the general theory and their
implications for social policy and social policy outcomes 69
4.1 Botswana enrolment at all levels, 1990–1999 123
4.2 Primary school enrolment, 1980–2000 134
4.3 Secondary school enrolment, 1980–2000 135
5.1 Some education outcomes: Ghana and Nigeria 159
5.2 Some indicators for education in Nigeria 162
5.3 Some selected labour indicators: Ghana and Nigeria 165
6.1 Infant mortality for Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania (1991
and 2001) 175
6.2 Trends in selected macroeconomic indicators in the East
African countries 178
6.3 Selected social policy indicators for health in East Africa 190
6.4 Access to safe water and sanitation in East Africa 191
6.5 Gini coefficients of East African countries 192
8.1 Ghana: selected social and demographic indicators 229
8.2 Incidence of poverty and poverty reduction, 1991/2–1998/9 231
8.3 Water supply and sanitation in Ghana and Nigeria,
1990–2000 234
8.4 Comparative data for selected high-income countries
and severely indebted low-income countries in 1991 236
8.5 Public expenditure in health and water, 1980–4 238
8.6 Public expenditure in health and water, 1985–92 238
8.7 Public expenditure in health and water, 1993–2001 239
ix