Social policy in a development context

369 Pages·2004·1.029 MB·English

by  Mkandawire, P. Thandika

Social Policy in a
Development Context
Edited by
Thandika Mkandawire
Social Policy in a Development Context
Social Policy in a Development Context
Social Policy in a Development Context is a new series which places social policy at the
centre of research while maintaining The United Nations Research Institute for Social
Development’s (UNRISD) unified approach to social development. The series provides a
new and exciting contribution to the literature in economic development and social
policy. In economic development, social policy has been recognized as an integral
part of development, but the literature often falls short of elaborating social policy for
a unified approach to economic and social development. In social policy, analysis has
concentrated mainly on European and North American countries, and studies on
developing countries often lack comparative rigour. The bridge between economic
development and social policy will not only contribute to the academic research but
also inform the policy debate at the international and national levels.
Titles include:
Huck-ju Kwon
TRANSFORMING THE DEVELOPMENTAL WELFARE STATE IN EAST ASIA
Thandika Mkandawire (editor)
SOCIAL POLICY IN A DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT
Social Policy in a Development Context
Series Standing Order ISBN 1–4039–4295–1 (hardback); 1–4039–4296–X (paperback)
(outside North America only)
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Social Policy in a Development
Context
Edited by
Thandika Mkandawire
© United Nations Research Institute for Social Development 2004
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ISBN 1–4039–3660–9 hardback
ISBN 1–4039–3661–7 paperback
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Social policy in a development context/edited by Thandika Mkandawire.
p. cm. — (Social policy in a development context)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1–4039–3660–9 — ISBN 1–4039–3661–7 (pbk.)
1. Social policy. 2. Economic development. 3. Economic policy.
I. Mkandawire, P. Thandika. II. Series.
HN17.5.S5987 2004
361.6′1—dc22 2004052594
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne
Contents
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
Preface ix
Notes on the Contributors x
1 Social Policy in a Development Context: Introduction 1
Thandika Mkandawire
Part I Conceptual Issues
2 From Universalism to Safety Nets: The Rise and Fall
of Keynesian Influence on Social Development 37
Peter Townsend
3 Social Policy and Macroeconomic Performance:
Integrating ‘the Economic’ and ‘the Social’ 63
Diane Elson
4 Social Policy and Development: Social Capital as Point of Departure 80
Ben Fine
5 Democratization and Social Policy 97
Laurence Whitehead
Part II Micro- and Meso-Level Issues
6 Why Social Policy is Condemned to a Residual Category
of Safety Nets and What to Do about it 119
Judith Tendler
7 Inequality and Redistribution in Health Care: Analytical
Issues for Developmental Social Policy 143
Maureen Mackintosh and Paula Tibandebage
8 Models of Development, Social Policy and Reform in Latin America 175
Carmelo Mesa-Lago
Part III Historical Experiences
9 European ‘Late Industrializers’: The Finnish Experience 205
Juhana Vartiainen
v
vi Contents
10 ‘Late Industrializers’ and the Development of the Welfare State 215
Chris Pierson
11 The Role of Social Policy in Economic Development:
Some Theoretical Reflections and Lessons From East Asia 246
Ha-joon Chang
12 The Economic Crisis and the Politics of Welfare Reform in Korea 262
Huck-ju Kwon
13 Social Policy in Indian Development 284
Jayati Ghosh
14 Historical Trajectories of Social Policy in Post-Colonial Africa:
The Case of Zambia 308
Guy Mhone
Index 339
List of Tables
7.1 Transactions by payment category, exit and household
interviewees, by market (number of facility visits) 158
8.1 Comparison of economic growth, GDP per capita, and
social indicators (outputs) in Chile, Costa Rica and Cuba, 1990s 180
8.2 Performance of structural pension reform in eight countries
of Latin America, 1998–99 188
11.1 Number of working days lost in industrial disputes, 1955–80
(per 1,000 employees) 254
12.1 The trend of unemployment in Korea (percentages) 266
12.2 Changes in employment status (percentages) 267
12.3 Unemployment benefit recipients within the Employment
Insurance Programme (percentages) 270
12.4 Applications and selection for the Public Works Projects 270
12.5 Implementation of the Public Works Projects in Korea 271
12.6 ‘Welfare-to-work’ programmes within the MLSG 273
12.7 Coverage of National Health Insurance, 1977–89
(percentage of the whole population) 275
12.8 The current accounts of health insurance funds (before transfer;
billion won) 277
vii
List of Figures
7.1 Segmentation in the Dar es Salaam/Coast region health
care market (Tshs) 159
7.2 Segmentation in the Mbeya health care market (Tshs) 159
7.3 Hospitals, price of an operation (OPD consultation,
appendectomy, in-patient charge), by facility category,
scatterplot weighted by in-patient activity (Tshs) 160
10.1 Social security expenditure and GDP (selected countries) 216
10.2 Industrialization and consolidation of welfare (global) 221
10.3 Industrialization and consolidation of welfare (Latin America) 223
viii
Preface
All but one of the papers in this volume were presented at an international
conference in Tammsvik, Sweden in September 2000. The conference marked
the beginning of a major project on ‘Social Policy in a Development Context’.
The main problem addressed by the project is: How can social policies be used
to enhance social capabilities for economic development without, in the process,
eroding the intrinsic value of the social ends that social policies claim to address?
To address this question UNRISD launched a research programme which
currently consists of nine networks involving more than 100 researchers
from different disciplines and parts of the world. The immediate task of the
project was to shift social policy thinking away from the rather static and
residual category of ‘safety nets’ towards a conception in which social policy
worked in tandem with economic policy to ensure equitable development.
A series of volumes is anticipated from the project.
UNRISD would like to take this opportunity to thank the Olof Palme Institute
for hosting the conference in Sweden and for the active participation of its staff
in the conference. We would also like to thank the Swedish International
Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) for the financial support of the
conference and the publication of these papers.
Many people at UNRISD have been involved in this project. I would like
to express thanks especially to Cynthia Hewitt Alcántara and Shahra Razavi
for useful discussions in the early phases of the project. I would also like to
thank Virginia Rodriguez and Nina Torm for their support in the preparation
of the manuscript. Thanks are also due to Huck-ju Kwon who is coordinating
the project.
As is the case with all UNRISD projects, work on this project would have
not been possible without the core funding of the governments of Denmark,
Finland, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the
United Kingdom. Let me once again take this opportunity to express our
gratitude.
THANDIKA MKANDAWIRE
Director, UNRISD
ix