Smart Buildings Systems for Architects, Owners and Builders

246 Pages·2016·3.1 MB·English

by  James M Sinopoli

Smart Building
Systems for
Architects, Owners,
and Builders
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Smart Building
Systems for
Architects, Owners,
and Builders
James Sinopoli
AMSTERDAM (cid:129) BOSTON (cid:129) HEIDELBERG (cid:129) LONDON
NEW YORK (cid:129) OXFORD (cid:129) PARIS (cid:129) SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO (cid:129) SINGAPORE (cid:129) SYDNEY (cid:129) TOKYO
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Contents
Preface xiii
1 What Is a Smart Building? 1
Brief History 1
What Is a Smart Building? 3
2 The Foundations of a Smart Building 7
Overview 7
The Framework for Referencing Integration 8
Physical Layer 9
Data Link Layer 10
Network Layer 10
Transport Layer 10
Session, Presentation, and Application Layers 11
Structured Cabling Systems 11
Twisted-Pair Copper Cable 13
Fiber Optic Cable 15
Coaxial Cable 16
Wireless 16
Wi-Fi 16
Wi-Fi Mesh Networking 18
Zigbee 18
Communications Protocols 20
Ethernet 21
XML and SOAP 21
BACnet 22
LonWorks 23
Modbus 23
OPC 24
Interoperable Smart Building System Databases 25
Structured Query Language 25
Open Database Connectivity 26
Power over Ethernet 27
vi Contents
3 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Systems 31
Overview 31
Components 32
Boilers 32
Chillers 34
Air-Handling Units 38
Air Terminal Units 39
Efficiency 39
Strategies for Maximizing HVAC Efficiency 40
Reducing Loads 40
Equipment Sizing 41
HVAC Sequence of Operation 42
Maintenance 42
Displacement Ventilation 43
HVAC Controls 43
Management Level 44
System-Level or Building-Level Controllers 45
Field-Level Controllers 45
4 Lighting Control Systems 47
Overview 47
System Control 48
Relay Panels 50
Occupancy Sensors 51
Dimmers 53
Daylight Harvesting 54
Ballasts 54
Integration into Building Automation Systems 56
5 Electric Power Management Systems 59
Overview 59
Monitoring 61
Display Units 61
Central Operator Workstation 61
Demand Response 62
Electricity Usage Metering and Submetering 64
Smart Power Strips 67
POE 67
Contents vii
6 Access Control Systems 69
Overview 69
Server or Host Computer 70
Control Panels 72
Peripheral Devices 73
Door Contacts 73
Request-to-Exit 74
Electrified Door Hardware 74
Card Readers 74
IP POE-Powered Access Control Systems 75
POE Power Issues 75
IP and POE Benefits 78
People Counters 79
Devices 79
7 Video Surveillance Systems 83
Overview 83
Major Functions 84
Video Capture 84
Video Transmission 85
Video Processing 86
Recording 86
Monitoring 88
Analytics 89
IP-Based Video Surveillance Systems 89
Concerns 90
Advantages 90
8 Video, IPTV, and Digital Signage Systems 91
Overview 91
Traditional Video Distribution 92
Video Display and Viewing 93
Digital Video Transmitted via a Data Network 94
Applications 95
Media Retrieval 96
Video Conferencing 96
Distance Learning 96
Live Feeds from Video Cameras 97
viii Contents
Digital Signage 97
Digital Signage Systems 97
Using Digital Signage 100
9 Fire Alarm and Mass Notification Systems 103
Overview 103
Fire Alarm Control Panel 106
Annunciator Panel 107
Fire Detection 107
Suppression Systems 108
Notification Devices 108
Monitoring 109
Communications and IP 109
Mass Notification Systems 110
IP Paging Systems 111
10 Voice Networks and Distributed Antenna Systems 113
Overview 113
Voice over IP 114
Distributed Antenna System 117
Pico Cells 119
Business Issues 120
Emerging Technology Trends 120
11 Data Networks 121
Overview 121
Networks 122
Personal Computers or Other User Devices 123
Network Switches 124
Network Servers 125
IP Addressing 126
12 Facility Management Systems 129
Overview 129
Facility Management Software 131
Work Order Management 131
Asset Management 132
Material and Equipment Parts Management 132
Procurement Management 133
Contents ix
Building Management Systems 133
Energy Management System 134
Computerized Maintenance Management Systems 135
Facility Manager 136
13 Design, Construction, and Renovations 139
Overview 139
The Design and Construction Process 140
Project Conception 140
Project Delivery 141
Design 142
Bidding/Negotiating/Purchasing Phase 144
Construction 144
Construction Documents 146
Specifications 146
Drawings 148
Design and Construction Data 149
Building Information Model 152
Existing Buildings 154
Deployment 155
14 The Economics of Smart Buildings 159
Overview 159
Construction Costs 160
Cabling 162
Cable Pathways 162
Project Management 163
Equipment 163
Training 163
Time to Commission 164
Power 164
Conclusion 167
15 Audio Visual Systems 169
Overview 169
Audio and Video Sources 170
Audio and Video Processing 171