Skin Models: Models to Study Function and Disease of Skin

456 Pages·1986·14.13 MB·English

by  L. C. Brummitt, W. J. Cunliffe, G. Gowland (auth.), Ronald Marks, Gerd Plewig (eds.)

Skin Models
Models to Study Function and Disease of Skin
Edited by
Ronald Marks and Gerd Plewig
With 217 Illustrations
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo
Ronald Marks
Department of Medicine, University of Wales College
of Medicine, Heath Park
Cardiff CF4 4XN, United Kingdom
Gerd Plewig
Universitats-Hautklinik DUsseldorf
Moorenstr. 5, D-4000 DUsseldorf 1, FRG
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-70389-8 e-ISBN-13 :978-3-642-70387-4
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-70387-4
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data.
Skin models. Includes index.!. Dermatology, Experimental. 2. Skin-Models.
3. Skin-Diseases-Animal models. 4. Biological models. I. Marks, Ronald.
II. Plewig, Gerd, [DNLM: 1. Models, Biological. 2. Skin-physiology. 3. Skin
Diseases. WR 102 S628)
RL79.S55 1986 616.5'00724 85-26128
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-70389-8 (U. S.)
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or
part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re
use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or
similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright
Law, where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to "Ver
wertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich.
© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1986
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply,
even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from
the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Typesetting: Elsner & Behrens GmbH, 6836 Oftersheim
2127/3145-543210
Introduction
In the last fifty years dramatic progress has been made in the under
standing of skin and skin diseases. Although we are still someway off
understanding the ultimate causes of such disorders as psoriasis, atopic
dermatitis and the congenital disorder of keratinization, we now have
considerable information on the physiological disturbances in various
diseases. This has permitted and encouraged a rational approach to
treatment. The successful use of antimitotic agents, immunomodulators
and retinoids may be cited as examples. A major reason for this im
provement may be the fact that researchers accept models for the in
vestigation of skin diseases. Increasing numbers of them have become
available in the past years. So many have been described that it is
doubtful whether anyone researcher is aware of all the other models
described - even in his own field of interest. This book is a challenge
for those involved in the study of skin and its disorders to use the
sundry models of skin that have proven helpful. It would be impossible
for this work to be all-embracing but it is hoped that the choice of
models offered in this publication will be stimulating and helpful in
the solution of knotty skin questions.
April,1986 Ronald Marks, Cardiff
Gerd Plewig, DUsseldorf
Table of Contents
In Vivo Models
Human Model for Acne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
L. C Brummitt, W. J. Cunliffe, G. Gowland
Models to Study Follicular Diseases l3
G. Plewig
Models for Wound Healing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24
R. Marks, D. Williams, A. D. Pearse
Sunscreen Evaluation by Mouse Spectrophotometric
and Human Assays ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34
N. J. Lowe, J. Breeding
The Rhino Mouse: Retinoid Effects on a Model
of Keratin Accumulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 42
R. E. Ashton, N. J. Lowe
Further Studies with Models for the Transepidermal
Elimination Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46
K. Dalziel, R. Marks
Induction of Cutaneous Melanocytic Tumours by N-Ethyl-N-
Nitrosourea in the Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones Unguiculatus) .. 52
Ch. Kuehnl-Petzoldt, A. Uozumi, B. Volk, P. Kleihues
Amphibian Skin as a Model in Studies on
Epidermal Homeostasis ......................... " 58
P. E. Budtz
Transplantation Studies on Solar Keratoses in Nude Mice . . . .. 73
S. Thomas, A. D. Pearse, R. Marks
Modelling for the Inflammation of Acne 80
K. Dalziel, P. J. Dykes, R. Marks
New Models for Testing Skin Toxicity 85
J. van Genderen, O. L. Wolthuis
Human Cutaneous Pharmacokinetics In Vivo ........... " 94
H. Schaefer, W. Schalla
The Vasoconstrictor Test as a Model for Developing
Topical Formulations ............................ 103
B. W. Barry, R. Woodford
Skin Models in the Understanding of the Physiological
and Pathological Properties of Collagen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 113
Ch. M Lapiere
Applications of the Diazacholesterol Animal Model
of Ichthyosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 122
P. M Elias, M L. Williams, M E. Maloney, P. O. Fritsch,
J.-c. Chung
The Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure (tcP02) as a Non-Invasive
Measurement of Aerobic Skin Metabolism and
Skin Permeability in Psoriasis 136
W. Schalla
Experimental Contact Dermatitis Using 2,4-Dinitrochloro-
benzene in Humans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 140
J. A. A. Hunter, M M. Carr, P. A. Botham, D. J. Gawkrodger,
E. Mc Vittie, J. A. Ross, l. C. Stewart
In-Vivo-UV A-Tests: Erythema, Pigmentation, Phototoxicity . .. 147
R. Ruger, E. H6izle, G. Plewig, A. Galosi
Thermography as a Model for Cutaneous Vascular Responses .. 155
G. Stiittgen
The Long-Haired Syrian Hamster:
An Animal Model for Androgen Induced Hair Growth. . . . . .. 165
N Orentreich, J. R. Matias
Biochemical Markers in the Mouse Tail Model of Psoriasis .... 172
P. T. Bladon, N F. Cooper, E. J. Wood, W. J. Cunliffe
Corneocyte Exfoliative Cytology:
A Model to Study Normal and Diseased Stratum Corneum . . .. 183
E. H61zie, G. Plewig, A. Ledolter
VIII
Modulation of EGF Receptors during Epidermal Hyperplasia .. 194
D. A. Basketter
Comparative Study of the Keratin Polypeptide Promes
in Human and in Pig Hyperkarotic Scabies. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 199
D. van Neste, M. J. Staquet, G. P. Martineau, J. P. Ortonne
In Vitro Models
Role of Extracellular Matrix in Skin Morphogenesis,
Analysed by Dermal Cell Cultures .................... 206
P. Sengel, M Kieny
The Development of Epidermis In Vitro. Electronmicroscopic
and Autoradiographic Studies in the Limb Bud Culture . . . . .. 218
U. Schultz-Ehrenburg
In Vitro Perfusion of Human Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 237
H. Hiemickel
The Use of Human Scalp and Abdominal Skin
as In Vitro Models for Percutaneous Absorption. . . . . . . . . .. 245
S. L. Bennett, B. W. Barry
An In Vitro Human Skin Model for Assaying Topical Drugs
against Dermatophytic Fungi ....................... 257
A. M Klignuzn, K. J. McGinley, A. Foglia
In Vitro Models for Cutaneous Phototoxicity . . . . . . . . . . . .. 264
B. E. Johnson, E. M Walker, A. M. Hetherington
HET (Hen's Egg Test) in Toxicological Research. . . . . . . . . .. 282
N. P. Luepke
Use of Uninvolved Psoriatic Epidermis as an In Vitro Model
for Testing the Anti-Phospholipase Activity of Glucocorticoids. 292
A. Ilchyshyn, E. [lderton, J. Kingsbury, J. F. B. Norris,
R. Summerly, H. J. Yardley
Skin Fibroblast Monolayers: A Suitable Case for Treatment? .. 297
G. C. Priestley
IX
Model for Biochemical Studies on the Mechanisms Underlying
the Regulation of Cholesterol Synthesis ................ 305
M Ponec, J. Kempenaar, L. Havekes, B. J. Vermeer
A Model for Morphological Studies on Ugand-Receptor
Complexes ................................... 315
B. J. Vermeer, A. M Mommaas-Kienhuis, M. C. Wijsman,
J. J. Emeis, M. Ponec
Use of In Vivo and In Vitro Test Systems as Predictors of the
Cutaneous Irritancy of Synthetic Detergents (Syndets) ...... 327
P. J. Dykes, D. L. Williams, L. A. Jenner, R. Marks
Lectin Induction of Pemphigus and Phemphigoid-Uke Bullae
in Organ Cultured Human Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 333
M Fitzmaurice, S. D. Deodhar
On the Non-Random Distribution of Dividing Cells. . . . . . . .. 347
P. M. Gaylarde
High Doses of Antigen-Nonspecific IgG do not Inhibit
Pemphigus Acantholysis in Skin Organ Cultures . . . . . . . . . .. 355
Th. Hunziker, U. E. Nydegger, P. J. Spath, H A. Gerber,
M Hess and U. Wiesmann
Permeation of Drugs through Human Skin: Method and Design
of Diffusion Cells for In Vitro Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 358
S. A. Akhter, B. W. Barry
Mathematical and Physical Models
Modelling the Scattering and Absorption of Ught by the Skin.. 372
J. C. Barbenel, F. W. Turnbull
Mathematical Models for the Ultraviolet Optics
of Human Epidermis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 380
B. L. Diffey
Simulation of Diffusion in Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 390
M I. Foreman
An Interactive Computer Model as a Laboratory Tool
for Research on Epidermal Cellular Interactions . . . . . . . . . .. 394
E. Mitrani
x
Sound Skin Models - Acoustic Properties of Epidermis
and Dermis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 402
P. A. Payne, C. Edwards, C. J. Hacking
In Vitro Test Systems for Evaluation of the Physical Properties
of the Skin ................................... 412
H. G. Vogel
The Use of Statistical Models Employing Analysis of Variance
for Efficient Analysis of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 420
M F. Corbett
Subject Index ................................. 425
XI
List of Contributors
Akhter, S. A.
Postgraduate School of Studies in Phannacy, University of Bradford,
Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
Ashton, R. E.
Department of Dennatology, UCLA School of Medicine, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
Barbenel, J. C
Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Wolfson Centre,
106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 ONW, Scotland, United Kingdom
Barry,B. W.
Postgraduate School of Studies in Phannacy, University of Bradford,
Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 lDP, United Kingdom
Basketter, D. A.
Environmental Safety Laboratory, Unilever Research, Colworth House,
Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1L Q, United Kingdom
Bennett, S. L.
Postgraduate School of Studies in Phannacy, University of Bradford,
Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
Bladon, P. T.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT,
United Kingdom
Botham, P. A.
Imperial Chemical Industries, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
Breeding, J.
Department of De nnatology , UCLA School of Medicine, University
of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA