Simulation of Flow, Sediment Transport, and Sediment Mobility of the Lower Coeur d'Alene River

176 Pages·2008·8.2 MB·English

Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality,
Basin Environmental Improvement Commission, and the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Simulation of Flow, Sediment Transport, and
Sediment Mobility of the Lower Coeur d’Alene
River, Idaho
Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5093
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey

Simulation of Flow, Sediment Transport, and
Sediment Mobility of the Lower Coeur d’Alene
River, Idaho
By Charles Berenbrock and Andrew W. Tranmer
Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality,
Basin Environmental Improvement Commission, and the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5093
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior
DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary
U.S. Geological Survey
Mark D. Myers, Director
U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2008
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Suggested citation:
Berenbrock, Charles, and Tranmer, A.W., 2008, Simulation of flow, sediment transport, and sediment mobility of the
Lower Coeur d’Alene River, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5093, 164 p.
iii
Contents
Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................2
Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................5
Description of Study Reach ................................................................................................................5
Previous Investigations.................................................................................................................................7
FEMA Model (1981) ...............................................................................................................................7
USGS Model (1992) ...............................................................................................................................7
University of Idaho Model (2004) ........................................................................................................7
Golder Associates Model (2005) ........................................................................................................8
Reach Characterization ................................................................................................................................8
Flow Types ..............................................................................................................................................8
River Stage .............................................................................................................................................9
River Discharge ...................................................................................................................................13
Channel Cross Sections .....................................................................................................................13
Streambed Samples ...........................................................................................................................16
Sediment-Transport Characteristics ........................................................................................................18
Suspended Sediment .........................................................................................................................18
Total Sediment Discharge .................................................................................................................18
Numerical Modeling ....................................................................................................................................22
HEC-6 Model Implementation ...........................................................................................................22
Model Cross Sections ...............................................................................................................23
Model Boundaries .....................................................................................................................23
Model Calibration ......................................................................................................................23
Simulation of Erosion, Deposition, and Sediment Transport under Varying
Conditions ......................................................................................................................27
Dredging in Dudley Reach ...............................................................................................27
Reduction in Sediment Discharge Input .......................................................................29
Model Limitations.......................................................................................................................30
FASTMECH Model Implementation .................................................................................................30
Model Grid and Bathymetric Interpolation ............................................................................31
Model Boundaries .....................................................................................................................31
Model Calibration ......................................................................................................................33
Results of Calibration Simulations ..........................................................................................34
Flow Depth .........................................................................................................................34
Flow Velocity ......................................................................................................................34
Shear-Stress ......................................................................................................................42
Sediment Mobility .............................................................................................................42
Model Limitations................................................................................................................................46
Summary........................................................................................................................................................47
Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................48
References Cited..........................................................................................................................................49
Glossary .........................................................................................................................................................53
iv
Contents—Continued
Appendix A. Locations of Cross Sections on the Coeur d’ Alene River, Idaho ..............................55
Appendix B. Particle-Size Analysis of Streambed Samples in the Dudley Reach,
Coeur d’Alene River, Idaho ...........................................................................................................59
Appendix C. Listing of HEC-6 Model Input File for 1999 .....................................................................69
Appendix D. Grain Shear Stress, Largest Mobilized Particle, and Particle Classification
for FASTMECH simulations 1 through 5, Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho ..................................161
Figures
Figure 1. Map showing location of study area and U.S. Geological Survey gaging
stations, Coeur d’Alene River basin, Idaho ……………………………………… 3
Figure 2. Map showing location of study area, U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations,
river miles, and lateral lakes, Coeur d’Alene River basin, Idaho ………………… 4
Figure 3. Diagram showing water-surface curves along a constant, uniform, mild-sloped
channel …………………………………………………………………………… 8
Figure 4. Graph showing simulated water-surface curves for a discharge of 25,000
cubic feet per second in the lower Coeur d’Alene River, Idaho …………………… 9
Figure 5. Graph showing daily water levels on Coeur d’Alene Lake at Coeur d’Alene
(12415500), Idaho ………………………………………………………………… 10
Figure 6. Graph showing water-surface elevations and discharge at selected gaging
stations on the Coeur d’Alene River and Coeur d’Alene Lake, 1994–2000 ………… 11
Figure 7. Graphs showing relation between water-surface elevation for Coeur d’Alene
Lake, and the Harrison and Rose Lake gaging stations in the study reach,
Coeur d’Alene River, Idaho ……………………………………………………… 12
Figure 8. Graphs showing discharge at selected gaging stations on the Coeur d’Alene
River, Idaho ……………………………………………………………………… 14
Figure 9. Graphs showing comparison of selected cross sections in the braided reach
on the Coeur d’Alene River, Idaho ………………………………………………… 15
Figure 10. Graphs showing sediment-transport curves for suspended sand discharges
at selected sites in the study area, Coeur d’Alene River, Idaho …………………… 19
Figure 11. Graphs showing sediment-transport curves for suspended silt and clay (fines)
discharges at selected sites in the study area, Coeur d’Alene River, Idaho ……… 20
Figure 12. Graphs showing rotal sediment discharge (Q) and suspended-sand discharge
T
(Q ) curves at selected sites in the study area, Coeur d’Alene River, Idaho …… 21
sand
Figure 13. Graph showing calibrated Manning’s n values (roughness coefficients) of the
streambed for modeled reaches, Coeur d’Alene River, Idaho …………………… 25
Figure 14. Graphs showing HEC-6 simulated and measured sediment sand discharge
and daily mean discharge for calendar year 1999 at the Coeur d’Alene River
at Rose Lake gaging station (12413810) and Coeur d’Alene River near
Harrison gaging station (12413860), Coeur d’Alene River, Idaho ………………… 26
Figure 15. Graph showing simulated sediment discharge of sand and daily mean discharge
at cross section 156.504 dredged reach for calendar years 2000 and 1997,
Coeur d’Alene River near Dudley, Idaho ………………………………………… 28
v
Figures—Continued
Figure 16. Graph showing simulated streambed elevations before and after streambed
dredging and at the end of simulation for calendar years 2000 and 1997,
Coeur d’Alene River near Dudley, Idaho ………………………………………… 29
Figure 17. Model grid of the multi-dimensional flow model, Coeur d’Alene River near
Dudley, Idaho ……………………………………………………………………… 32
Figure 18. Graphs showing simulated water-surface elevations from FASTMECH and
HEC-6 models and mean absolute difference error, Coeur d’Alene River near
Dudley, Idaho ……………………………………………………………………… 35
Figure 19. Aerial photographs showing simulated depths from FASTMECH for five
calibration simulations, Coeur d’Alene River near Dudley, Idaho ………………… 36
Figure 20. Aerial photographs showing simulated velocities from FASTMECH for five
calibration simulations, Coeur d’Alene River near Dudley, Idaho ………………… 38
Figure 21. Aerial photographs showing velocity vectors and average and maximum
velocities at cross sections for a river discharge of 28,900 cubic feet per
second in the dredged reach, Coeur d’Alene River near Dudley, Idaho ………… 40
Figure 22. Map showing velocity vectors for a river discharge of 28,900 cubic feet per
second in a river bend near cross section 158.259, Coeur d’Alene River near
Dudley, Idaho ……………………………………………………………………… 41
Figure 23. Aerial photographs showing simulated bed shear stresses from FASTMECH
for five calibration simulations, Coeur d’Alene River near Dudley, Idaho ………… 44
Tables
Table 1. Elevation of river and lake stage datums at U.S. Geological Survey gaging
stations on the Coeur d’Alene River and Coeur d’Alene Lake, Idaho ……………… 10
Table 2. Median diameter and particle-size classification of streambed samples,
Coeur d’Alene River, Idaho ……………………………………………………… 16
Table 3. Particle-size classification ……………………………………………………… 17
Table 4. Measured and HEC-6 simulated water-surface elevations and differences in
four model calibrations for five gaging stations in the modeled reach, Coeur
d’Alene River, Idaho ……………………………………………………………… 24
Table 5. Boundary conditions for FASTMECH model calibrations, Coeur d’Alene River
near Dudley, Idaho ……………………………………………………………… 33
Table 6. Calibrated drag coefficient and lateral-eddy viscosity and differences
between model simulated and observed HEC-6 water-surface elevations for
five calibrations, Coeur d’Alene River near Dudley, Idaho ……………………… 34
Table 7. Critical shear stress by particle-size classification for determining
approximate condition for sediment mobility at 20 degrees Celsius ……………… 43
Table 8. Grain shear stress, largest mobilized particle, and particle classification for a
factor of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 times the dune height and (or) dune length for
simulation 5 (river discharge, 28,900 cubic feet per second), Coeur d’Alene
River near Dudley, Idaho ………………………………………………………… 46
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Conversion Factors, Datums, and Abbreviations and
Acronyms
Inch/Pound to SI
Multiply By To obtain
cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second
cubic yard (yd3) 0.7646 cubic meter
foot (ft) 0.3048 meter
foot per foot (ft/ft) 1.0 meter per meter
foot per second (ft/s) 0.3048 meter per second
foot per squared second (ft/s2) 0.305 meter per squared second
inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter
inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter
mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer
Pascal (Pa) 1.0 Newtons per square meter
pound per cubic foot (lb/ft3) 0.00000624 milligram per liter
pound per foot-squared second [lb/(ft-s2)] 1.488 Newtons per square meter
square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer
ton 907.185 kilogram
ton 0.907 metric ton
ton per day (ton/d) 0.01050 kilogram per second
SI to Inch/Pound
Multiply By To obtain
gram (g) 0.03527 ounce, avoirdupois
kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3) 0.063 pound per cubic feet
kilogram per meter per squared second [kg/(m-s2)] 1.0 Newtons per squared meter
meter (m) 3.281 foot
meter per second (m/s) 3.281 foot per second
meter per second squared (m/s2) foot per second squared
millimeter (mm) 0.039 inch
Newtons per square meter (N/m2) 0.6719 pound per foot squared per second
Newtons per square meter (N/m2) 1.0 Pascal (Pa)
square meter per second (m2/s) 1.076 square foot per second

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:
°F=(1.8×°C)+32.
Concentrations of suspended sediments in water are given in milligrams per liter (mg/L).
Datums
Vertical coordinate information refers to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).
Horizontal coordinate information refers to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).
National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) refers to a geodetic datum derived from a
general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada.
Lake datum is vertical datum used by the AVISTA Corporation and others in the Coeur d’Alene
area. To obtain elevations in NAVD 88, add 0.80 ft to lake datum elevations.
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Conversion Factors, Datums, and Abbreviations and
Acronyms—Continued
Abbreviations and acronyms
Abbreviations and acronyms Meaning
1D one-dimensional
2D two-dimensional
2.5D two and one-half dimensional
ADVM acoustic Doppler velocity meter
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
GPS Global Positioning System
LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging
M1 curve backwater curve
M2 curve free-flowing water curve (above critical depth)
MAD mean absolute difference
MD maximum difference
MD_SWMS Multi-Dimensional Surface Water Modeling System
NAIP National Agriculture Imagery Program
NF North Fork
RM river mile
SF South Fork
SI International System
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
WY water year
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