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SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS H A N D B O O K Edited by Mohamed Ibnkahla CRC PR ESS w York Washington, D.C. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Signal processing for mobile communications handbook / edited by Mohamed Ibnkahla. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-1657-X (alk. paper) 1. Signal processing. 2. Mobile communication systems. I. Ibnkahla, Mohamed. TK5102.9.S5427 2004 621.382′2—dc22 2004042812 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. 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Visit the CRC Press Web site at www.crcpress.com © 2005 by CRC Press LLC No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number 0-8493-1657-X Library of Congress Card Number 2004042812 America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper Preface Signalprocessing(SP)isakeyresearchareainmobilecommunications.Therecentyearshaveknownareal explosioninresearchaddressingdifferentaspectsofmobilecommunicationssignalprocessing.Thisarea iscontinuouslyexpandingwithemergingapplicationsandservicessuchasinteractivemultimediaand Internet.SPhastomeetthenewchallengespresentedtofuturemobilecommunicationsystemssuchas verylowbiterrorrates,veryhightransmissionrates,real-timemultimediaaccess,anddifferentialquality ofservice(QoS). Today’spublicationsinthisareaarescatteredworldwideacrossmultiplejournalsandconferencepro- ceedings.Likeanyotherdisciplinethatseekstoreachmaturity,nowisthetimeformobilecommunications signalprocessingtobepresentedtothereadersinacomprehensivewayandinonesinglebookthatstands byitself.ThisbookbringstogethermostSPtechniques,delivering,forthefirsttimeinthehistoryofSP, anin-depthsurveyofthesetechniquesinatutorialstyle. Thebookissupportedwithmorethan300figuresandtables,whichmakesitveryeasytounderstand andaccessibletostudents,researchers,professors,engineers,managers,andanyprofessionalinvolvedin mobilecommunications. ThebookinvestigatesclassicalSPareassuchasadaptiveequalization,channelmodelingandidentifi- cation,multi-userdetection,andarrayprocessing.Italsoinvestigatesnewerareassuchasadaptivecoded modulation,multiple-inputmultiple-output(MIMO)systems,diversitycombining,andtime-frequency analysis.Itexploresemergingtechniquessuchasneuralnetworks,MonteCarloMarkovChain(MCMC) methods, and Chaos. It offers an excellent tutorial survey of promising approaches for future mobile communicationssuchascross-layerdesigninmulti-accessnetworksandadaptivewirelessnetworks. Inadditiontowirelessterrestrialcommunications,thebookcoversmostapplicationsareasofmobile communicationssignalprocessing,suchassatellitemobilecommunications,networking,powercontrol andresourcemanagement,voiceoverIP,positioningandgeolocation,cross-layerdesignandadaptation, etc. I thank all the contributors for their excellent work. Thanks also to my research group at Queen’s Universitywhohavedynamicallycontributedinwritingthreechaptersandinthereviewprocess.Many thankstothedifferentreviewers(about80)whosevaluableinput,remarks,andsuggestionshavedefinitely improvedthetechnicalqualityofthechapters. A special thank you to my wife, my son, and our families who have been a great support since the beginninguntilthefinalstageofthisproject. MohamedIbnkahla Queen’sUniversity Kingston,Ontario,Canada Editor MohamedIbnkahlaobtainedanengineeringdegreeinelectronicsin1992,anM.Sc.degreeinsignaland imageprocessingin1992,aPh.D.degreeinsignalprocessingin1996,andanHDR(theabilitytoleadand superviseresearch)degreeindigitalcommunicationsandsignalprocessingin1998,allfromtheNational PolytechnicInstituteofToulouse(INPT),Toulouse,France. Dr.IbnkahlaheldanAssistantProfessorshipatINPT(1996–1999).In2000,hejoinedtheDepartment ofElectricalandComputerEngineeringatQueen’sUniversity,Kingston,Ontario,CanadaasAssistant Professor.HenowholdsthepositionofAssociateProfessorinthesamedepartment. Since1996,Dr.Ibnkahlahasbeeninvolvedinseveralresearchprogramsandcentersofexcellence,such astheEuropeanAdvancedCommunicationsTechnologiesandServicesProgram(ACTS),Communica- tionsandInformationTechnologyOntario(CITO),CanadianInstituteforTelecommunicationsResearch (CITR),andothers.Hehaspublishedasignificantnumberofrefereedjournalpapers,bookchapters,and conferencepapers. Hisresearchinterestsincludesignalprocessing,mobilecommunications,digitalcommunications,satel- litecommunications,andadaptivesystems. Dr. Ibnkahla received the INPT Leopold Escande Medal for the year 1997, France, for his research contributions to signal processing, and the prestigious Premier’s Research Excellence Award (PREA), Ontario,December2000,forhiscontributionsinwirelessmobilecommunications. Contributors KarimAbed-Meraim A.Belouchrani InbarFijalkow EcoleNationaleSuperieuredes EcoleNationalePolytechnique Universite´deCergyPontoise Telecommunications Algeria Pontoise,France Paris,France BoualemBoashash AscensioGallardo-Antolin AndreasAbel QueenslandUniversity UniversityofCarlosIII ITIGmbH Brisbane,Queensland, deMadrid Dresden,Germany Australia Madrid,Spain HishamAbdulHussein HelmutBölcskei MounirGhogho Al-Asady SwissFederalInstituteof UniversityofLeeds Queen’sUniversity Technology(ETH) Leeds,England Kingston,Ontario,Canada Zurich,Switzerland FilippoGiannetti NaofalAl-Dhahir RoberBoutros UniversityofPisa TheUniversityofTexas Queen’sUniversity Pisa,Italy Dallas,Texas Kingston,Ontario,Canada Mohamed-SlimAlouini StefanoBuzzi SavvasGitzenis UniversityofMinnesota UniversityofCassino StanfordUniversity Minneapolis,Minnesota Cassino,Italy Stanford,California MoenessAmin JamesJ.Caffery,Jr. DennisL.Goeckel VillanovaUniversity UniversityofCincinnati UniversityofMassachusetts Villanova,Pennsylvania Cincinnati,Ohio Amherst,Massachusetts HüseyinArslan GiovanniCherubini MohamedIbnkahla UniversityofSouthFlorida IBMResearch Queen’sUniversity Tampa,Florida Zurich,Switzerland Kingston,Ontario, Canada GhazemAzemi GiovanniE.Corazza QueenslandUniversity UniversityofBologna MingKang Brisbane,Queensland, Bologna,Italy UniversityofMinnesota Australia Minneapolis,Minnesota FernandoD´ıaz-De-Mar´ıa NicholasBambos UniversityofCarlosIII GeertLeus DelftUniversity TheNetherlands AlanLindsey AtulSalhotra FredrikTufvesson U.S.AirForceResearchLab CornellUniversity LundUniversity Remsen,NewYork Ithaca,NewYork Lund,Sweden NguyenLinh-Trung AnnaScaglione JitendraK.Tugnait AstonUniversity CornellUniversity AuburnUniversity Birmingham,England Ithaca,NewYork Auburn,Alabama MarcoLuise WolfgangSchwarz UniversityofPisa AlessandroVanelli-Coralli DresdenUniversityof Pisa,Italy UniversityofBologna Technology Bologna,Italy Dresden,Germany AndreasF.Molisch LundUniversity SaipradeepVenkatraman Lund,Sweden NouraSellami UniversityofCincinnati and Universite´deCergyPontoise Cincinnati,Ohio MitsubishiElectric Pontoise,France ResearchLabs AzadehVosoughi Cambridge,Massachusetts BouchraSenadji CornellUniversity QueenslandUniversity Ithaca,NewYork MarcMoonen Brisbane,Queensland, KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven Australia Leuven,Belgium XiaodongWang MohamedSiala ColumbiaUniversity MassimoNeri Sup’Com NewYork,NewYork UniversityofBologna ElGhazaiaAriana, Bologna,Italy Tunisia Hong-ChuanYang UniversityofVictoria RaffaellaPedone WeiSun Victoria,BritishColombia, UniversityofBologna VillanovaUniversity Canada Bologna,Italy Villanova,Pennsylvania JunYuan CarmenPelaéz-Moreno AnanthramSwami Queen’sUniversity UniversidadCarlosIII U.S.ArmyResearchLaboratory Kingston,Ontario, deMadrid Adelphi,Maryland Canada Madrid,Spain QuaziMehbubarRahman LangTong QingZhao Queen’sUniversity CornellUniversity CornellUniversity Kingston,Ontario,Canada Ithaca,NewYork Ithaca,NewYork Contents Part I: Introduction 1 SignalProcessingforFutureMobileCommunicationsSystems:Challenges andPerspectives Part II: Channel Modeling and Estimation 2 MultipathPropagationModelsforBroadbandWirelessSystems 3 ModelingandEstimationofMobileChannels 4 MobileSatelliteChannels:StatisticalModelsandPerformanceAnalysis 5 MobileVelocityEstimationforWirelessCommunications Part III: Modulation Techniques for Wireless Communications 6 AdaptiveCodedModulationforTransmissionoverFadingChannels 7 SignalingConstellationsforTransmissionoverNonlinearChannels 8 CarrierFrequencySynchronizationforOFDMSystems 9 Filter-BankModulationTechniquesforTransmissionoverFrequency-Selective Channels Part IV: Multiple Access Techniques 10 Spread-SpectrumTechniquesforMobileCommunications 11 MultiuserDetectionforFadingChannels Part V: MIMO Systems 12 PrinciplesofMIMO-OFDMWirelessSystems 13 Space–TimeCodingandSignalProcessingforBroadbandWireless Communications 14 LinearPrecodingforMIMOSystems 15 PerformanceAnalysisofMultipleAntennaSystems Part VI: Equalization and Receiver Design 16 EqualizationTechniquesforFadingChannels 17 Low-ComplexityDiversityCombiningSchemesforMobile Communications 18 OverviewofEqualizationTechniquesforMIMO FadingChannels 19 NeuralNetworksforTransmissionoverNonlinearChannels Part VII: Voice over IP 20 VoiceoverIPandWireless:PrinciplesandChallenges Part VIII: Wireless Geolocation Techniques 21 GeolocationTechniquesforMobileRadioSystems 22 AdaptiveArraysforGPSReceivers Part IX: Power Control and Wireless Networking 23 TransmitterPowerControlinWirelessNetworking:BasicPrinciples andCoreAlgorithms 24 SignalProcessingforMultiaccessCommunicationNetworks Part X: Emerging Techniques and Applications 25 Time–FrequencySignalProcessingforWirelessCommunications 26 MonteCarloSignalProcessingforDigitalCommunications:Principles andApplications 27 PrinciplesofChaosCommunications 28 AdaptationTechniquesandEnablingParameterEstimationAlgorithms forWirelessCommunicationsSystems