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Liang Zhao · Sherif Sakr Anna Liu · Athman Bouguettaya Cloud Data Management Cloud Data Management Liang Zhao • Sherif Sakr (cid:129) Anna Liu Athman Bouguettaya Cloud Data Management Foreword by Albert Y. Zomaya 123 LiangZhao SherifSakr NICTAKensington SoftwareSystemsResearchGroup NSW,Australia NICTA,Eveleigh,NSW Australia AnnaLiu FacultyofComputersandInformation NICTA,Eveleigh CairoUniversity,Egypt NSW,Australia AthmanBouguettaya SchoolofComputerScience andInformationTechnology RMITUniversity,Melbourne VIC,Australia ISBN978-3-319-04764-5 ISBN978-3-319-04765-2(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-04765-2 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014932980 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2014 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’slocation,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer. PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violations areliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Tomyparents,DianchiZhaoandLijuan Chu,andmywife,HuanWang,fortheirlove, understanding,andencouragement. LiangZhao Tomywife,Radwa,andmylovelydaughter, Jana,fortheirlove,encouragement,and support. SherifSakr Lifelonggratitude tomyfamily. AnnaLiu Tomywife,Malika,andlovelysons,Zakaria, Ayoub,andMohamed-Islam. AthmanBouguettaya Foreword The rapidly expanding generation of Internet-based services such as e-mail, blogging, social networking, search, and e-commerce has substantially redefined the behavior and trends of web users when it comes to creating, communicating, accessing content, sharing information, and purchasing products. Information technology professionals are witnessing a proliferation in the scale of the data generatedandconsumedbecauseofthegrowthinthenumberofthesesystems;this ever increasing need for scalability and new application requirements has created newchallengesfortraditionalrelationaldatabasemanagementsystems(RDBMS). Currently, the apparent goal of the system and tool manufacturers is to facilitate the job of implementing every application as a distributed, scalable, and widely accessible service on the web (e.g., services from Facebook, Flickr, YouTube, Zoho,andLinkedIn). Cloud computing technology is a relatively new model for hosting software applications. The cloud model simplifies the time-consuming processes of hard- ware provisioning, hardware purchasing, and software deployment; therefore it revolutionizes the way computational resources and services are commercialized anddeliveredtocustomers.Inparticular,itshiftsthelocationofthisinfrastructure to the network in order to reduce the costs associated with the management of hardwareandsoftwareresources.Thismeansthatthecloudrepresentsthelong-held dreamofenvisioningcomputingasautility,adreaminwhichtheeconomyofscale principleshelptoeffectivelydrivedownthecostofthecomputinginfrastructure.In practice,cloudcomputingpromisesanumberofadvantagesforthedeploymentof softwareapplicationssuchaspay-per-usecostmodel,shorttimetomarket,andthe perceptionof(virtually)unlimitedresourcesandinfinitescalability. Theriseofthecloudtechnologyhasbeensomewhatdisruptive.Theadvantages ofthecloudcomputingmodelopenupnewavenuesfordeployingnovelapplications thatwerenoteconomicallyfeasibleinatraditionalenterpriseinfrastructuresetting. Therefore, the cloud has become an increasingly popular platform for hosting software applications in a variety of domains such as e-retail, finance, news, and social networking. The proliferation in the number of applications also delivers a tremendous increase in the scale of the data generated and consumed by vii viii Foreword these applications. This is why a cloud-hosted database system powering these applicationsformsacriticalcomponentinthesoftwarestackoftheseapplications. Tomeetthechallengesposedbyhostingdatabasesoncloudcomputingenviron- ments there are a plethora of systems and approaches. This book is the first that approaches the challenges associated with hosting databases on cloud computing environments from different but integrated perspectives; it connects the dots. The authors deal with the problems that may be encountered in every cloud- baseddatahostingsolution:NoSQLstorageservices,database-as-a-service(DaaS), virtualized database servers in addition to batch-based processing systems for big data.Thebookisusefulformanydatabaseresearchersorpractitionersbecausethe inherentchangeinhostingdatabaseincloudenvironmentisfundamentalonmany perspectivesasitoriginatesfromnewfoundationsandmodelsofthinking. I found the book to contain a lot of timely and useful information. The book has many gems that inspire the readers as they go through the different chapters whicharecoveringanareathatiscurrentlychangingthedatamanagementfieldina fundamentalway.Itcoversanimpressivearrayoftopicswithgreatclaritythatwill exciteanyreaderwishingtounderstandthisemergingtechnology.Italsoprovides extensivereferenceswhichwillhelptheinterestedreaderfindoutmoreinformation about the discussed topics. All in all, this is an impressive piece of work and an invaluable source of knowledge for advanced students and researchers working in orwishingtoexplorethisexcitingfield. Darlington,NSW,Australia AlbertY.Zomaya Preface Cloud computing technology represents a new paradigm for the provisioning of computing resources. Cloud computing is with us and for the foreseeable future. Thisparadigmshiftallowsfortheoutsourcingofcomputingresourcestoreducethe ownershipcostsassociatedwiththemanagementofhardwareandsoftware.Cloud computing simplifies the time-consuming processes of hardware provisioning, hardwarepurchasing,andsoftwaredeployment. Cloud computing is not a passing trend but a stubborn reality that is rooted on an emerging trend leading computing into a technological quantum leap. It builds ondecadesofresearchinvirtualization,autonomiccomputing,gridcomputing,and utilitycomputing,andubiquityofthewebasthenetworkanddeliverymedium. Central to the success of cloud computing is the ability to provision data usingdifferentqualityofservicerequirements,includinglatency,performance,and reliability. Unfortunately, most cloud providers do not guarantee, and let alone, provideinformationaboutactualqualityofservicefordataaccess.Thisisacomplex exercisethatdependsonmanyfactors,includingthelocationofthedatastore,type ofdata,networkcongestionanddatastoreplatforms. This book fills a gap in that it provides an in-depth analysis of major data cloud platforms using an exhaustive series of tests and experiments to unlock the unanswered questions surrounding the performance of each cloud data platform that is considered. The work presented in this book focuses on evaluating cloud databasesinthepresenceofverylittleinformationfromcloudproviders.Thiscan alsobeinterpretedasreverse-engineeringtheperformanceofclouddatabaseswith itsownrisksininterpretation. Thedatacloudplatformsconsideredinthisbookincludetheleadersinthefield, including,Amazon,Microsoft,andGoogle.Amazonoffersacollectionofservices, called Amazon Web Services, which includes Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) as cloud hosting server, offering infrastructure as a service and Amazon SimpleDBandSimpleStorageService(S3)asclouddatabases. MicrosoftAzureisrecognizedasacombinationofinfrastructureasaserviceand platformasaservice.Itfeatureswebroleandworkerroleforwebhostingtasksand computingtasks,respectively.Italsooffersavarietyofdatabaseoptionsincluding ix

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data analysis of faults and errors based on intensive collected data, .. example, the Facebook social network has announced that it has more than a our proposed approach that focuses on building an SLA-based admission .. for each NoSQL database, these companies often are small start-ups
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