Shear Strengthening of T-beam with GFRP PDF
Preview Shear Strengthening of T-beam with GFRP
Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering Kishor Chandra Panda Sudhirkumar V. Barai Sriman Kumar Bhattacharyya Shear Strengthening of T-beam with GFRP A Systematic Approach Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13593 Kishor Chandra Panda Sudhirkumar V. Barai (cid:129) Sriman Kumar Bhattacharyya Shear Strengthening of T-beam with GFRP A Systematic Approach 123 KishorChandra Panda Sriman Kumar Bhattacharyya Department ofCivil Engineering Department ofCivil Engineering Government Collegeof Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kalahandi Kharagpur, West Bengal Bhawanipatna, Odisha India India SudhirkumarV.Barai Department ofCivil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, West Bengal India ISSN 2363-7633 ISSN 2363-7641 (electronic) SpringerTransactions in CivilandEnvironmental Engineering ISBN978-981-10-7759-3 ISBN978-981-10-7760-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7760-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018938372 ©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. partofSpringerNature Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:152BeachRoad,#21-01/04GatewayEast,Singapore189721, Singapore The best way to predict the future is to design it. —Buckminster Fuller Dedicated to The Structural Life Savers! Foreword Infrastructure deficit has been one of the biggest issues the world is facing for the last two decades. The deficit hypothesis postulates that a decline in the public capital formation (i.e. infrastructure) will lower private sector productivity and, therefore, lower a nation’s real income while weakening its international compet- itiveness. Around the world, civil infrastructure—that represents 70% of the country’s total infrastructure—is declining rapidly and will need nearly $6 trillion investment. Why are we in such dire straits? A primary reason is that the average expected maintenance-freelifeforastructure builttodayisapproximately18.5years.When we compare this short life expectancy of our modern structures to that of some historical and still functioning structures like the Great Stupas of Sanchi in India (200 BC), the Pont du Gard in France (15 BC) and the Pantheon in Rome (118 AD), a rather disturbing trend emerges: our modern construction materials and technologiesproducestructureswithserviceablelivesthatarefarshorterthanthose produced by two-millennia-old technologies! Major factors responsible for this dismal reality are the corrosion of steel in our reinforced concrete structures (cu- riouslyenough,steelwasnotpresentinanyoftheoldstructurescitedabove)anda faster rate of deterioration and ageing of structural systems used today. A second reason for our current infrastructure crisis has to do with decades of deferred maintenance work that has resulted in deterioration and decay of our structural systemsoccurringatanever-increasingrate.Allmaterialsdeterioratewithtime,and the deterioration rate is further increased by factors such as severe weather, over- load, fatigue, pollutions/chemicals, structural settlement and lack of timely main- tenance. Clearly, we need not only to improve upon our building technologies, design philosophies and construction materials, but also to find ways of ix x Foreword rehabilitating the current inventory of structures using materials, processes and techniquesthatproviderepairandstrengtheningsolutionsthatarebothlong-lasting and cost-effective. There areseveralsolutionsproposed for combating theproblemofcorrosionof steelinconcrete.Oneoftheseistheuseofhigh-performanceconcrete,concretethat on account of its dense and refined pore system has a greater resistance to the ingress of chloride ions and hence a greater ability to protect the reinforcing steel from corrosion. This being said, in the case of high-performance concrete, one is also faced with an increased material brittleness and a lower fracture toughness resulting in a lower resistance to cracking and an easier ingress of chlorides. With regard to steel, there have been numerous advances as well. Both epoxy-coatedsteelsandmicro-alloyedsteelshaveallcomeintothevanguardfrom time to time. These have also unfortunately not produced a “cure-all” solution for the problem of corrosion. Fully alloyed steels (e.g. stainless steel) have shown significant promise, but the prohibitive cost of such steels unfortunately fails to produce a “workable” solution. Averyeffectivesolutionthathascomeintothespotlightoflateisthatoftheuse offibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs). Used extensively for over several decades by both the defence and the aerospace industries, FRPs are high-specific-strength and high-specific-stiffness materials that are also non-corrosive, lightweight and mag- netically neutral. As in the case of aerospace applications, the high specific strengths and stiffness of FRPs make them very attractive for civil applications wherelargestructuralsizes,needforlargevolumesofmaterialsandgrowinglabour costs make their use logical and more efficient. Not surprisingly, FRPs are fast replacing steel as a material of choice in both new construction and rehabilitation projects. Ofthetwofailuremodes—flexuralandshear—theshearmodeoffailuretendsto behighlybrittleandcatastrophic.ThiswasevidentintheConcordeoverpassfailure of2006inMontreal.ItisnowwellacceptedthatFRPsareidealmaterialsforshear strengthening. This book covers Basic Introduction on Shear Strengthening in Chap. 1. An extensive review of the literature is presented in Chap. 2. Experimental Programmes on Shear Strengthening of RC T-beams Using GFRP Sheets are described in Chap. 3. Analysis of Results from such experimental programmes is presented in Chap. 4. Model on Shear Strengthening of RC T-beams with GFRP Sheets is highlighted in Chap. 5. Numerical Approaches Applied to Shear Strengthening Predictions are presented in Chap. 6. All these chapters are well written and provide a coherent and clear view of the current state of the art. Iwouldliketocomplimenttheauthorsofthebook:Dr.KishorChandraPanda, Prof. Sudhirkumar V. Barai and Prof. Sriman Kumar Bhattacharyya, for this sig- nificant undertaking and for producing a volume that is useful not only for the Foreword xi scholarsinthefieldbutalsoforthepractisingengineers.Mygratitudeisalsotothe publisher of the book, Springer Publication, for recognizing the importance of the topic. I wish them all the success. Vancouver, BC, Canada Nemkumar (Nemy) Banthia Ph.D., PEng, FACI, FCAE, FICI, FCSCE, FRSC Professor, Distinguished University Scholar & Canada Research Chair in Infrastructure Rehabilitation, CEO and Scientific Director: Canada India Research Center of Excellence (IC-IMPACTS.com), Editor-in-Chief: J of Cement and Concrete Composites (Elsevier) Department of Civil Engineering The University of British Columbia
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