Servitization and Physical Asset Management PDF
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SERVITIZATION AND PHYSICAL ASSET MANAGEMENT An SAE Deep Dive Michael J. Provost Servitization and Physical Asset Management Servitization and Physical Asset Management Warrendale, Pennsylvania, USA 400 Commonwealth Drive Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 USA E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Copyright © 2019 SAE International. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, distributed, or trans- mitted, in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of SAE International. For permission and licensing requests, contact SAE Permissions, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 USA; e-mail: [email protected]; phone: 724-772-4028. Library of Congress Catalog Number 2018948882 SAE Order Number R-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/R-479 Information contained in this work has been obtained by SAE International from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither SAE International nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein and neither SAE International nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that SAE International and its authors are supplying infor- mation, but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. ISBN-Print 978-0-7680-9486-2 ISBN-PDF 978-0-7680-9573-9 ISBN-ePUB 978-0-7680-9488-6 ISBN-PRC 978-0-7680-9489-3 ISBN-HTML 978-0-7680-9487-9 To purchase bulk quantities, please contact: SAE Customer Service E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Visit the SAE International Bookstore at books.sae.org The right of Dr Michael John Provost to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means now known or hereafter invented or stored in any information storage or retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for insertion in a magazine, newspaper or broadcast. 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Neither the publisher nor the author have any responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and do not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, relevant, accurate or appropriate. © 2019 SAE International v contents Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii List of Acronyms xix CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 A “Map” of the Book 1 What Are Assets? 2 Why Worry about Asset Management? 3 What Do We Need to Know about Our Assets? 3 How Do We Find Out What Is Happening? 3 What Is the Business Benefit? 4 Who Is in the Best Position to Carry Out Asset Management? 4 What Is Servitization? 5 Summary of the Book 5 References 7 Websites 7 CHAPTER 2 The Business Imperative 9 Introduction 9 Companies that Have Embraced Servitization 12 Problems and Issues with Making Services a Separate Business Unit 16 The Importance of Human Factors 17 Strategy 18 Financial Evaluation and Modelling 19 The Value of In-Service Monitoring of Assets 20 Life Cycle Costing 23 Process Chain Network Analysis 25 Books and Papers 25 Consultant Papers 26 Cambridge Service Alliance 28 © 2019 SAE International vii viii Contents Aston Business School 33 Other UK Universities 35 Universities Outside the United Kingdom 37 References 38 Websites 56 Additional Material 58 References 58 Websites 62 CHAPTER 3 Modelling and Simulation 63 Introduction 63 Why Is Modelling and Simulation Useful? 63 Levels of Modelling 64 Simulation 65 Books and Papers 67 Some Useful Sources of Information for Specific Disciplines and Equipment Types 67 General Mathematical Modelling 68 Modelling Tools 68 Reference Material 69 Aerodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Turbomachinery 69 Thermodynamics 70 Control Systems 70 Electrical Systems and Batteries 70 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 70 Aeroengines and Gas Turbines 71 Aircraft 71 Automotive 72 Diesels and Turbocharging 72 Railways 73 Ships 73 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) 73 Fuel Cells 73 Pumps 74 Wind Turbines, Solar, and Renewable Energy 74 References 75 Websites 83 Additional Material 84 References 84 Websites 85 Contents ix CHAPTER 4 Analysis 87 Introduction 87 Facets of Analysis 87 Difficulties with the Analysis Process 88 The “Traditional” Approach to Analysis 88 Iterative Analysis 89 An Alternative Approach to Analysis 91 Optimal Estimation and Kalman Filtering 93 The Kalman Filter Equations 94 Problems with the Kalman Filter 95 Books and Papers 95 References 96 Websites 98 Additional Material 98 Reference 98 CHAPTER 5 Observability 99 Introduction 99 Setting Up an Analysis 99 Generation of Exchange Rate Tables 100 Correlations Between Measurements 101 Inclusion of Sensor Bias 103 Correlations Between Component Performance Parameter Changes and/or Sensor Biases 104 References 107 CHAPTER 6 Time Series Analysis 109 Introduction 109 Time Series Basics 109 Moving Average 111 Exponential Smoothing 112 Kalman Filtering 113 The Optimal Tracker 114 Improving the Optimal Tracker 115 Books and Papers 116
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