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© 2000 by CRC Press LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ______________________________________________________________________ , SchlesingerLouis B. Serial fenders of: current thought, recent findings / Louis B. , .Schlesingereditor p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and x.inde ISBN 0-8493-2236-7 (alk. paper) 1. vism.Recidi 2. vists.Recidi I. itle. T HV6049 .S47 2000 364.3—dc21 00-040350 This book contains information obtained from authentic and arded ghighly sources. reReprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources A ariety are wide of indicated. vreferences are listed. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and xplanation, ewithout intent to infringe. © 2000 by CRC Press LLC No claim to original U.S. ernment vGoorksw International Standard Book Number 0-8493-2236-7 Library of Congress Card Number 00-040350 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper © 2000 by CRC Press LLC Foreword As videnced eby the popularity of such “entertainments” as Robert wis Leen-vSte sson’ Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in late 19th-century England Thomas and Harris’ The Silence of the Lambs in late America20th-century ,w feacets fof criminal viorbeha capture the public imagination so tenaciously as serial , murdermost particularly when xuality sealso figures prominently as a erning e. vvgomotiEach of these tales recounts a series of murders perpetrated by a ysician phin whom “the dark side” has rather xplicably inetriumphed. From those fictional terminal points alone (and nonfictionalthe glect neto not reportagesCapote’ruman Tof In Cold Blood Josephor McGinniss’ Fatal Vision) ,we can readily surmise erly vthat planned cleand brutally ecuted xsequential ehomicides hold an endless ascination ffor the citizenry at ge.lar ,yGaceayne WJohn a of slayings horrific the of accounts journalistic adds one When ChildAtlanta the Angeles, Los of Strangler Hillside the , Bundyed T, Dahmery freJef , Killerand the Gainesville Slasher in the U.S. orkshire or Ripper Ythe in England, there is little mystery as to y why manin the reading and wing e viepublic vcomeha xception,erare ery vthe than rather rule the constitutes homicide serial that e vbelieto thereby mistaking the xotic efor the e. vnormati to complained ficials offederal beliefs, erroneous such counter to Indeed, New York Timestenths(four 0.40% than less for account murders serial that y aretskPSara writer of one percent) of the homicides committed in the U.S. annually — , orin whole numbers, 84 of a total of ith 21,000. W60 or more video channels ailable vain yman major cities, it is ely likthat at least 84 serial killings are depicted in y en vangi week discern.to ficult difnot are reasons The screen. vision telethe on fered ofprograms the in The xotica eof erly vcleplanned and brutally ecuted xesequential homicides, with or without xual seation vmotias an added bonus ut bwith eting vridescriptions of the deceptions asions and vwithout ewhich serial fending ould ofwnot become serial, are slayingthe by ed typifihomicide, ariety” varden “gusual, the than engrossing more er ve whoer vodispute a in inebriated) mildly both perhaps (with another by motorist one of properly had the right of access to a parking place. Fictional or cinematic depictions of homicide as it is actually committed are ely likto elicit no more than a long wnya among a wing viepublic seeking a thrill a minute, and so the ws.mythology gro homicideserial on focused entertainment ubiquitous the about epticism skWhile epticismsksuch that risk wnside doa is there data, the of basis the on justified surely is may generalize across other gories cateof criminal vior behaso that the xotic emay schol-er vwhenepart, their or Fprototypical. or e vnormatithe with confused become ars or clinicians concerned with understanding or altering the dynamics of criminal vior focus fending, on behaprototypically serial it ofis ard the whomwserial killer to attention is turned. Quite in contrast to the picture with ard greto homicide, as the distinguished groundbreakinghis in ago decades o twdemonstrated Blumstein Alfred criminologist © 2000 by CRC Press LLC research on ” “career it criminals,is highly probable that a ery vsmall proportion of 6%)as w feas (perhaps fense ofcriminal a of victed conbeen er vee vhawho those all are responsible for a ery vge larproportion (perhaps on the order of 55%) of all . When , one criminal motor, vityconsiders yactilarcen“property” glaryfenses urof(b ehicle vtheft, embezzlement, etc.) in isolation from “violent” fenses of(homicide, xual seassault, , robberyassault), the proportion of fenses ofutable attribto repeat fenders of. increases dramatically If Blumstein is correct, it is thus paradoxically the case that serial fendingof indeed constitutes the rule rather than the xception ein all gories cateof crime evsa homicide. That paradox becomes xplicable eonly when we consider the rates at which apprehension, prosecution, and adjudication ensue when criminal fendingof homicideof incidence the between ratio the Hence, . gorycatespecific by xamined eis (which accounts for only about .2% of all crime reported nationally in a year) and subsequent apprehension ” (“clearance in by the arrest,inimitable xicon leof federal criminal justice eeping) recordkof the fender ofgins beto approach 1:1, while the ratio between the incidence of glary urb(accounting for something er vo22% of all crime reported nationally in a year) and subsequent apprehension is only on the , the probability that apprehension will ensueo turn the matter slightlyTorder of 1:8. wing homicide folloinches close to 100% (indeed, perhaps because most homicides are of the arden g, arietyvin which the fender ofis readily identifiable), while the approximatelyat out tops glary urbwing folloensue will apprehension that probability fenderofhomicide a that probable more times eight about is it ords, wother In 12.5%. will be apprehended than a glar urbwill be apprehended. If we grant Blumstein his conjecture, it ould wseem to w follothat the majority pros-apprehended, er vneare fenders, ofproperty especially fenders, ofating vrecidiof ecuted, or sanctioned. Because we can only rationally assume that it is ersallyvuni ut further to escape sanction,fense btheir goal not merely to accomplish the instant of we can only ard gresuch fenders ofas successful. o Tthat xtent, ethe “successful” brillianceand planning in erness vcleof els vlexhibit emay thief serial or glar urbserial in ecution xenot e unlikthose that characterize the serial killer who eludes detection long enough for his or her vior behato be properly gorized cateas serial fending. of And therein lies the core strength of the present olume, vwhich, at its heart, addresses the interplay between the xotic eand the e vnormatiut bdoes so yondbe the confines of a single gory cateof criminal . viorbehaLouis B. Schlesinger has brought together in a single source and, to wledge the of kno, this for writerthe first time spare and original analyses of serial criminal fending of across types and oftennot groups victim and fender ofto attention particular with crime, of gories cate Schlesinger. DrIntroduction, his In . inquiryclinical or scholarly serious of focus the informatione vinclusiand current present “to is ork wthis of intent the that announces on serial fending ofin a clear and ard straightforwmanner” in order to vide pro“in- depth ” understanding.That he and the utors contribto this olume ve vhabrilliantly satisfied that intent is erywhere vvident.ee Nathaniel B. Pallone, Ph.D. University Distinguished Professor of Psychology and Criminal Justice Rutgers – The State University © 2000 by CRC Press LLC Introduction Although the e vadjecti“serial” has been used only recently to describe vidualsindi whose crimes are e, vrepetitisuch fenders ofe vhabeen present since . antiquityIn pre-modern times, when eral vsebodies of brutally mutilated omen wwere found in a particular area, the attack often as wuted attribnot to a person ut bto the orkingsw centuries,the throughout And, ampire. vor olf wwerea as such force, supernatural a of there e vhabeen numerous recorded cases of viduals indicommitting multiple rapes or other e vrepetitiantisocial acts, such as arson, peeping, or wdness. leThere are also countless xamples eof fenders ofwho ed servy lengthprison terms and then, when y thewere released or paroled, went on to commit the xact ecrime for which y thewere incarcerated. crimestheir repeat who those particularly fenders, ofe ve-compulsivrepetitiThus, in a ritualistic , mannere vha ed xevmental health professionals, w laenforcement, and society for decades. What do we do with such viduals? w indiHodo we protect vingbehafrom viduals indisuch ent vprewe do w hoand fenders, ofrepeat from society in this manner to gin bewith? Can these people be treated or cured? In the early e fender xual) (usually vwere 1950s, ofseestab-programs e-compulsifor vthe repetiti meantime,the In abolished. been had y man1990s the by state; ery vealmost in lished the problem has not anished. vIn act, falthough crime in general has declined in the past decade, there is considerable vidence ethat y manserial crimes may actually be publicgeneral the and ficials, ofenforcement w lacourts, the ertheless, vNeincreasing. common(with disorder clinical a of vidence eas not vior behasuch w vieto tend w no signs, symptoms, course, and prognosis) ut bsolely as a criminal problem where purelythis , ervMoreofense. ofthe and fender ofthe between made is distinction little al gapproach deals leert only manifestations with vvidualsof the the oy act. indiMan who commit an fense ofthat is xual sein nature may do so out of social, situational, eve-repetitivcompulsiserial be truly not may viduals indiSuch es. vmotie vimpulsior fenders ofwhose crimes are an wth outgroof psychogenesis. , erselyvConyman ertly voxual nonsefenses, ofsuch as arson and , glaryurbmay e vhabeen xuallyse ated vmotiut bare er vneclassified as such . allygleThe purely al gleapproach also ails fto e takinto account the gree deof dangerousness posed by the fender ofor the moreut brelated a commit or act criminal the repeat will fender ofthe that elihood lik heinous crime. An fender ofwithout a psychogenically en vdricompulsion may present ely vrelatilittle danger , to whereas societya , xually ated seglarvurformotib xample, emight entually vecommit a xual sehomicide. The topic of serial fenders ofhas clearly captured the interest of mental health and criminal , justice erthese vweprofessionals. professionals e Hooften vailed fhato e share vy accumulated wledge the c fenders, haabout thescientifiknoand such alsoof publicinformed an about bring to fort efan in wledge knothat apply to glected nee vha . yor policFtoo long, professionals in ferent difdisciplines ed orkwindependently of © 2000 by CRC Press LLC one another; mental health professionals rarely interacted w with enforcement laand rarely informed gislatures leof the state of wledge knoabout a particular type of criminal . viorbehaIn the area of serial fenders, ofinformation is often scattered in ,psychiatryforensic and general of journals as such publications, professional ferent dif science,forensic and police , criminology, sociology, psychologyforensic and clinical criminal justice, .and wla Serial Offenders: Current Thought, Recent Findings attemptmodest a represents to remedy this problem. A group of leading clinicians and researchers in the field, encompassing ferent difprofessions and ferent difpoints of , we vievhautedcontrib sections,general three into vided Di. fenderofserial the of aspects arious von chapters this olume vers vcocurrent theory and research on traditional serial fenders ofand also describes certain special populations and unusual aspects of serial fenders. of art PI presents current theory and thinking on serial fenders. ofIts e fivchapters er vcoserial homicide, child molestation, rape, arson, and the violent nonserial . fenderofAll vide prow neinformation and w nees vperspection some traditional problems. art PII, on recent clinical and research findings, gins bewith a chapter on criminal e vatiestigvinprofiling — an area amiliar fto w laenforcement ut b-under alued As by vthe . the chapter mental demonstrates, health this communityapproach has elicited a tremendous amount of information about the psychodynamics and psychopathology of serial fenders. ofChapter 7 ers vcoan important topic about which ery vlittle has been written , — neurobiological namelyapproaches to -under standing serial fenders. ofSerial ers, stalkand those viduals indiwho elop vdepatho- logical attachments ard wtoothers, are xplored ethoroughly in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 atedvmotixually seand situational, social, contrasting — glar urbserial the discusses glaries urband their consequences. The final chapter in art PII is on serial xualse harassment, a topic frequently omitted in discussions of the .serial fenderof Thee fivchapters in art PIII eral focus vunusual on aspects seof fendingserial of and on special populations of fenders: offemale and adolescent serial fenders, ofthe syndrome of antophilia inf(attraction not to children ut bto young ants), infserial .ors fenderof , the vthe serial victims ofand survi, and, finallyfending gyby the clerof Serial Offenders: Current Thought, Recent Findings is not just another book on subtleof critique a or fenses, ofx setraditional of compendium a or practice, forensic methodological nuances of arious vresearch studies. The intent is to present current e information vfending on and .in serial inclusia ofclear and ard straightforwmanner It is hoped that this olume vwill vide prothe reader with an in-depth understanding of the , serial fendera ofphenomenon that has been present for centuries ut bwhose xities complewe are only w noginning beto el. vunra Louis B. Schlesinger © 2000 by CRC Press LLC About the Editor Louis B. Schlesinger, Ph.D., Associate is Professor of Psychology at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City ersity vUniof w ork. NeYHe is a Diplomate in orensic FPsychology of American the Board of Profes- sional Psychology and served as president of the wNe mem-a as and 1989 in Association Psychological y Jerse ber of the Council of es vRepresentatiof the American Psychological Association from 1991 to 1994. .Dr Schlesinger was the 1990 recipient of the w NeyJerse sAssociation’Psychological ear”“Psychologist Yof the ard, waas well as a recipient of the American Psycho- ardw. s Heiser Karl Association’Alogical Presidential F articles,many published has and cases forensic numerous in testified has He (1993). chapters, and six other books on the topics of homicide, sexual homicide, and criminal .psychopathology © 2000 by CRC Press LLC