SpringerSerieson SIGNALSANDCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGY SIGNALSANDCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGY SensorNetworks WirelessCommunications:2007CNIT G.Ferrari(Ed.) ThyrrenianSymposium ISBN978-3-642-01340-9 S.Pupolin ISBN978-0-387-73824-6 GridEnabledRemoteInstrumentation F.Davoli,N.Meyer,R.Pugliese,S.Zappatore AdaptiveNonlinearSystemIdentification: ISBN978-0-387-09662-9 TheVolterraandWienerModelApproaches T.Ogunfunmi UsabilityofSpeechDialogSystems ISBN978-0-387-26328-1 Th.Hempel WirelessNetworkSecurity ISBN978-3-540-78342-8 Y.Xiao,X.Shen,andD.Z.Du(Eds.) HandoverinDVB-H ISBN978-0-387-28040-0 X.Yang SatelliteCommunicationsandNavigation ISBN978-3-540-78629-0 Systems E.DelReandM.Ruggieri MultimodalUserInterfaces ISBN0-387-47522-2 D.Tzovaras(Ed.) ISBN978-3-540-78344-2 WirelessAdHocandSensorNetworks ACross-LayerDesignPerspective WirelessSensorNetworksandApplications R.Jurdak Y.Li,M.T.Thai,W.Wu(Eds.) ISBN0-387-39022-7 ISBN978-0-387-49591-0 CryptographicAlgorithmsonReconfigurable PassiveEyeMonitoring Hardware R.I.Hammoud(Ed.) F.Rodriguez-Henriquez,N.A.Saqib, ISBN978-3-540-75411-4 A.D´ıazPe´rez,andC.K.Koc ISBN0-387-33956-6 DigitalSignalProcessing S.Engelberg MultimediaDatabaseRetrieval ISBN978-1-84800-118-3 AHuman-CenteredApproach P.MuneesawangandL.Guan DigitalVideoandAudioBroadcasting ISBN0-387-25627-X Technology BroadbandFixedWirelessAccess W.Fischer ASystemPerspective ISBN978-3-540-76357-4 M.EngelsandF.Petre SatelliteCommunicationsandNavigation ISBN0-387-33956-6 Systems DistributedCooperativeLaboratories E.DelRe,M.Ruggieri(Eds.) Networking,Instrumentation,andMeasurements ISBN978-0-387-47522-6 F.Davoli,S.PalazzoandS.Zappatore(Eds.) ISBN0-387-29811-8 Three-DimensionalTelevision H.M.Ozaktas,L.Onural(Eds.) TheVariationalBayesMethod ISBN978-3-540-72531-2 inSignalProcessing V.Sˇm´ıdlandA.Quinn FoundationsandApplicationsofSensor ISBN3-540-28819-8 Management A.O.HeroIII,D.Castan˜o´n,D.Cochran, TopicsinAcousticEchoandNoiseControl andK.Kastella(Eds.) SelectedMethodsfortheCancellationof ISBN978-0-387-27892-6 AcousticalEchoes,theReductionof BackgroundNoise,andSpeechProcessing HumanFactorsandVoiceInteractiveSystems, E.Ha¨nslerandG.Schmidt(Eds.) SecondEdition ISBN3-540-33212-x D.Gardner-BonneauandH.Blanchard ISBN978-0-387-25482-1 (continuedafterindex) Gianluigi Ferrari Editor Sensor Networks Where Theory Meets Practice 123 Editor Dr.GianluigiFerrari DepartmentofInformationEngineering UniversityofParma Parma,Italy [email protected] ISSN1860-4862 ISBN978-3-642-01340-9 e-ISBN978-3-642-01341-6 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-01341-6 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009939071 (cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2010 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9, 1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violations areliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnot imply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotective lawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Coverdesign:WMXDesignGmbH,Heidelberg Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) ToSofiaElena mybeautifulsunshine Preface The idea of this book comes from the observation that sensor networks represent atopicofinterestfromboththeoreticalandpracticalperspectives.Thetitleunder- lines that sensor networks offer the unique opportunity of clearly linking theory with practice. In fact, owing to their typical low-cost, academic researchers have the opportunity of implementing sensor network testbeds to check the validity of theirtheories,algorithms,protocols,etc.,inreality.Likewise,apractitionerhasthe opportunity of understanding what are the principles behind the sensor networks under use and, thus, how to properly tune some accessible network parameters to improvetheperformance. On the basis of the observations above, the book has been structured in three parts:PartIisdenotedas“Theory,”sincethetopicsofitsfivechaptersareapparently “detached” from real scenarios; Part II is denoted as “Theory and Practice,” since the topics of its three chapters, altough theoretical, have a clear connection with specificpracticalscenarios;PartIIIisdenotedas“Practice,”sincethetopicsofits fivechaptersareclearlyrelatedtopracticalapplications. In Part I, the first chapter, by H. V. Poor, examines ways in which interactions among nodes in wireless networks can lead to greater efficiencies in the use of wireless resources. The second chapter, by S. Sundhar Ram, V. V. Veeravalli, and A.Nedic,developsandanalyzesdistributedandrecursivealgorithmsfornonlinear regression-based parameter estimation in sensor networks. The third chapter, by A.Prasath,A.Venuturumilli,A.Ranganathan,andA.A.Minai,describesaseries of distributed methods for self-organized configuration of heterogeneous sensor networks, and evaluates their performance using optimal configurations obtained through an evolutionary algorithm. The fourth chapter, by A. Scaglione, Y.-W. P. Hong,andB.S.Mergen,discussescooperativesourceandchannelcodingstrategies and their performance in very dense sensor networks. The fifth and final chapter of this part, by C. Fragouli, K. Argyraki, and L. Keller, provides an overview of existingandemergingsensornetworkprotocolsthatenablereliablecommunication inthepresenceofnodeandchannelfailuresunderenergyconstraints. InPartII,thefirstchapter,byS.Palazzo,F.Cuomo,andL.Galluccio,introduces ataxonomyofthemainapproachesfordataaggregationrecentlyproposedinwire- lesssensornetworksandpresentsacomparisonbetweendifferentdataaggregation perspectives. The second chapter, by J. Lu, Y. Pan, S. Yamamoto, and T. Suda, vii viii Preface studiesdatadisseminationresilienttolargescalesensorfailuresbyreplicatingdata toasetofsensorsformingageographicaltrajectory.Thethirdandfinalchapterof thispart,byD.Akselrod,T.Lang,M.McDonald,andT.Kirubarajan,focusesona problemofdecision-basedcontrolofanetworkofsensorscarryingoutsurveillance overaregionthatincludesanumberofmovingtargets,withparticularapplication tomultisensormultitargettracking. In Part III, the first chapter, by J. Beutel, K. Roemer, M. Ringwald, and M. Woehrle, surveys prominent examples of deployment techniques for sensor networks, identifies and classifies causes for errors and pitfalls, and presents a number of wireless sensor network specific techniques and tools for an increased understanding of the causes of such failures. The second chapter, by J.-M. Dricot, G.Bontempi,andP.DeDoncker,beginswithasurveyofstate-of-the-arttechniques forlocalizationandthenproceedstomoreelaborateandrecentapproaches,basedon machinelearning,automaticdataclassification,andsensorfusiontechniques.Inthe thirdchapter,J.-H.Cui,R.Ammar,Z.Shi,Z.Zhou,S.Ibrahim,andH.Yan,investi- gateshowtosmartlyutilizesurfaceradiostoenhancecapability-limitedunderwater acoustic sensor networks. In the fourth chapter, by M. C. Vuran and A. R. Silva, theoretical and practical insights on the problem of communication through soil for wireless underground sensor networks is provided. The fifth and final chapter of this part, by D. McIlwraith and G.-Z. Yang, discusses recent advances in body sensor networks which permit pervasive sensing of detailed physiological signals fromimplantable,wearable,andambientsensors. Finally,Iwouldliketothankthosewhohavemadetherealizationofthisbook possible. First of all, I am indebted to Dr. Cristoph Bauman, my Springer Engi- neering Editor, for supporting the idea of this book from the very first discussion at the beginning of 2008. Needless to say, all researchers that have contributed to this book are kindly acknowledged: without them, this would not have been possible–Ihopethatthefactthattheyareallfromacademiawillnotdisproofthe veryideaofthebook.Last,butnotleast,mysinceregratitudegoestoafewmembers ofourlittleWirelessAd-hocandSensorNetworks(WASN)LabattheUniversityof Parma,namelyMarcoMartalo`,PaoloMedagliani,andStefanoBusanelli,fortheir helpintheeditingprocessandforsharingtheinterestinsensornetworking. Parma,Italy GianluigiFerrari November16,2009 Contents PartI Theory CompetitionandCollaborationinWirelessSensorNetworks ........... 3 H.VincentPoor DistributedandRecursiveParameterEstimation ...................... 17 SrinivasanSundharRam,VenugopalV.Veeravalli,andAngelinaNedic´ Self-OrganizationofSensorNetworkswithHeterogeneous Connectivity ....................................................... 39 Arun Prasath, Abhinay Venuturumilli, Aravind Ranganathan, andAliA.Minai CooperativeStrategiesinDenseSensorNetworks ..................... 61 AnnaScaglione,Y.-W.PeterHong,andBirsenSirkeciMergen MultipathDiversityandRobustnessforSensorNetworks .............. 75 ChristinaFragouli,KaterinaArgyraki,andLorenzoKeller PartII TheoryandPractice Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Multifaceted Perspective ........................................................103 SergioPalazzo,FrancescaCuomo,andLauraGalluccio RobustDataDisseminationforWirelessSensorNetworksinHostile Environments .....................................................145 JunLu,YiPan,SatoshiYamamoto,andTatsuyaSuda ix x Contents MarkovDecisionProcess-BasedResourceandInformationManagement forSensorNetworks ...............................................167 David Akselrod, Thomas Lang, Michael McDonald, andThiagalingamKirubarajan PartIII Practice DeploymentTechniquesforSensorNetworks .........................219 JanBeutel,KayRo¨mer,MatthiasRingwald,andMatthiasWoehrle Static and Dynamic Localization Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks .........................................................249 Jean-MichelDricot,GianlucaBontempi,andPhilippeDeDoncker Enhancing Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Using Surface Radios:Issues,ChallengesandSolutions .............................283 ZhongZhou,HaiYan,SalehIbrahim,Jun-HongCui,ZhijieShi, andRedaAmmar Communication Through Soil in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks–Theory andPractice ....................................309 M.CanVuranandAgneloR.Silva BodySensorNetworksforSport,WellbeingandHealth ................349 DouglasMcIlwraithandGuang-ZhongYang Index .............................................................383