Semantic Web Services, Processes and Applications

399 Pages·2006·5.73 MB·English

by  Jorge Cardoso

Semantic Web
Services, Processes
and Applications
SEMANTIC WEB AND BEYOND
Computing for Human Experience
Series Editors:
Ramesh Jain Amit Sheth
University of California, Irvine University of Georgia
http://ngs.ics.uci.edu/ http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/~amit
As computing becomes ubiquitous and pervasive, computing is increasingly becoming
an extension of human, modifying or enhancing human experience. Today's car reacts to
human perception of danger with a series of computers participating in how to handle the
vehicle for human command and environmental conditions. Proliferating sensors help
with observations, decision making as well as sensory modifications. The emergent
semantic web will lead to machine understanding of data and help exploit
heterogeneous, multi-source digital media. Emerging applications in situation
monitoring and entertainment applications are resulting in development of experiential
environments.
SEMANTIC WEB AND BEYOND
Computing for Human Experience
addresses the following goals:
> brings together forward looking research and technology that will shape our
world more intimately than ever before as computing becomes an extension of
human experience;
> covers all aspects of computing that is very closely tied to human perception,
understanding and experience;
> brings together computing that deal with semantics, perception and experience;
> serves as the platform for exchange of both practical technologies and far
reaching research.
Additional information about this series can be obtained from
http ://www. springer.com
AdditionalTitles in the Series:
Canadian Semantic Web edited by Mamadou T. Kone., Daniel Lemire; ISBN 0-387-29815-0
Semantic Management of Middleware by Daniel Oberie; ISBN-10: 0-387-27630-0
Semantic Web
Services, Processes
and Applications
edited by
Jorge Cardoso
University of Madeira, Portugal
Amit P. Sheth
University of Georgia, USA
^ Springer
Jorge Cardoso Amit P. Sheth
Universidade da Madeira Large Scale Distributed
Department de Matematica e Information Systems (LSDIS) Lab
Engenharias Department of Computer Science
9000-390 PUNCH AL University of Georgia
PORTUGAL Athens, GA 30602
USA
Library of Congress Control Number: 2006926729
Edited by Jorge Cardoso and Amit P. Sheth
ISBN-10: 0-387- 30239-5
ISBN-13: 978-0-387-30239-3
e-lSBN-10:0-387-34685-6
e-ISBN-13: 978-0-387-34685-4
Printed on acid-free paper.
© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or
in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer
Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013,
USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly
analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and
retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or
dissimilar methodology now know or hereafter developed is forbidden.
The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and
similar terms, even if the are not identified as such, is not to be taken as
an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to
proprietary rights.
Printed in the United States of America.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21
springer.com
Dedication
To all researchers that devote weekends and evenings to take science always
a step further.
Jorge Cardoso
To my parents. Professor Pravin Sheth and Surbhi Sheth. Their support and
sacrifies for my education became the foundation of my career.
Amit Sheth
Contents
Dedication v
Contributing Autiiors xvii
Foreword xxi
Preface xxiii
SUGGESTED COURSE STRUCTURE xxviii
PART I: Semantic Web Services 1
The Semantic Web and its Applications 3
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. SEMIOTICS - SYNTAX, SEMANTICS, AND PRAGMATICS 5
3. SEMANTIC HETEROGENEITY ON THE WEB 7
4. METADATA 9
4.1 Syntactic Metadata 10
4.2 Structural Metadata 11
4.3 Semantic Metadata 11
4.4 Creating and Extracting Semantic Metadata 13
5. EMPIRICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON THE USE OF SEMANTICS
AND ONTOLOGIES 14
6. APPLICATIONS OF SEMANTICS AND ONTOLOGIES 15
6.1 Semantic Web Services 15
6.2 Semantic Web Service Discovery 17
6.3 Semantic Integration of Tourism Information Sources .... 19
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6.4 Semantic Digital Libraries 21
6.5 Semantic Grid 22
6.6 Semantic Enterprise Information Integration 23
6.7 Semantic Web Search 24
6.8 Semantic Web and AI 25
6.9 Semantic Web and Databases 25
6.10 Bio informatics Ontologies 26
7. CONCLUSIONS 27
8. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 29
9. SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL READING 30
10. REFERENCES 30
Semantic Annotations in Web Services 35
1. INTRODUCTION 35
1.1 Generic Semantic Annotation Architecture 36
1.2 Semantic Annotation Applications 40
2. SEMANTIC ANNOTATION IN WEB SERVICES 42
2.1 Annotating a Web Service 43
2.2 Four Types of Semantics in Web Services 44
3. CREATING SEMANTIC ANNOTATIONS 45
3.1 Matching 46
3.2 Mapping 47
4. SEMANTIC ANNOTATION OF WEB SERVICES - EFFORTS 51
4.1 OWL-S and WSMO 52
4.2 WSDL-S 53
5. CONCLUSIONS 57
6. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 58
7. SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL READING 58
8. REFERENCES 59
Web Services Modeling Ontology 63
1. INTRODUCTION 63
2. CASE STUDY - APPLICATION FOR SEMANTIC WEB SERVICES 64
3. THE WEB SERVICES MODELING ONTOLOGY 66
3.1 Ontologies 67
3.2 Goals 68
3.3 Web Services 69
3.4 Mediators 71
4. SELECTED TECHNOLOGIES FOR WSMO 74
4.1 Discovery 75
4.2 Data Mediation 76
4.3 Choreography 78
Semantic Web Services, Processes and Applications ix
4.4 Front-end Tools 80
5. RELATED WORK - RELATIONSHIPS WITH
COMPETITIVE APPROCHES 82
5.1 OWL-S 82
5.2 WSDL-S 83
5.3 Matrix of Features and Approaches 84
6. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION 84
7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 85
8. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 85
9. SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL READING 86
10. ONLINE RESOURCES (INCLUDING OPEN SOURCE TOOLS) 87
11. REFERENCES 87
Keywords, Port Types and Semantics: A Journey in the Land of Web
Service Discovery 89
1. INTRODUCTION 89
2. UDDI 91
2.1 UDDI Organization: White, Yellow and Green Pages 91
2.2 UDDI Data Models 92
2.3 How Does WSDL Map to UDDI? 93
2.4 Publishing in UDDI 94
3. UDDI BEST PRACTICES 95
4. NEED FOR SEMANTICS IN WS-DISCOVERY 96
4.1 Data Semantics 97
4.2 Functional Semantics 98
4.3 Non-Functional Semantics 98
4.4 Execution Semantics 99
5. PUBLISHING AND DISCOVERING SEMANTIC WEB SERVICES 99
5.1 METEOR-S Framework 100
6. REGISTRY FEDERATION 101
7. CONCLUSIONS 103
8. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 103
9. SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL READING 104
10. REFERENCES 104
Temporal Reasoning of Reactive Web Services 107
1. WEB SERVICES AS REACTIVE SYSTEMS 107
2. A MOTIVATING EXAMPLE: AN ONLINE BOOKSTORE 110
3. INTERVAL TEMPORAL LOGIC 112
3.1 Model 112
3.2 Syntax 113
3.3 Informal Semantics 115
3.4 Derived Constructs 116
3.5 Types in ITL 117
3.6 Formal Semantics 117
4. COMPOSITIONAL REASONING FOR WEB SERVICES 119
4.1 Compositionality 120
4.2 Applying the Assumption-Commitment Paradigm to
Web Services 120
4.3 An ITL Formalisation of Assumption-Commitment 121
5. FORMALISATION OF THE ONLINE BOOKSTORE 122
6. SEMANTIC ANNOTATION OF TEMPORAL SPECIFICATION:
TESCO-S 124
6.1 The ITL-Tempura Ontology 125
6.2 OntoITL; A Pre-processor for Temporal Ontologies 127
6.3 AnaTempura: Validation of Tempura Specification 127
6.4 Validating the Customer: e-Bookshop Composition 129
6.5 Specifying Properties in the ITL-Tempura Ontology 130
7. CONCLUSIONS 131
8. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSIONS 133
9. SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL READING 133
10. REFERENCES 134
PART II: Semantic Web Processes 137
Basic Concepts in Choreography 139
1. INTRODUCTION 139
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 141
2.1 Business Process Languages 142
2.2 Choreography Languages 143
2.3 Semantic-driven Choreography Initiatives 146
3. DRIVING PRINCIPLES 147
4. GOALS : SEPARATION OF MODELS AND MEDIATION 148
4.1 Separation of Models 149
4.2 Mediation 150
5. SOPHIE: SEMANTIC WEB SERVICES CHOREOGRAPHI
ENGINE 150
5.1 Overall Architecture 151
5.2 Models 152
5.3 Interface Functions 153
6. CASE STUDY 155
7. CONCLUSIONS 156
8. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 157
9. SUGGESTED READINGS 157
Semantic Web Services, Processes and Applications xi
10. REFERENCES 158
Designing Semantic Web Processes: The WSDL-S Approach 161
1. INTRODUCTION 161
2. BACKGROUND 163
3. DESIGN SEMANTIC WEB PROCESS USING WSDL-S 163
3.1 Service Annotation and Publish using Radiant 163
3.2 Semantic Discovery using Lumina 166
3.3 Process Design using Saros 169
4. SAMPLE USE CASE 174
5. RELATED WORK 181
6. CONCLUSION 182
7. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 183
8. SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL READING 184
9. REFERENCES 184
10. APPENDIX 188
10.1 Appendix A: Semantic Template for the "Stock
Quote" Service 188
10.2 Appendix B: The BPEL File for the User Case 189
10.3 Appendix C: The Process WSDL File for the User
Case 192
Web Services Composition 195
1. INTRODUCTION 195
2. WEB SERVICES SELECTION 197
2.1 QoS (Non-functional) Model 198
3. WEB SERVICES COMPOSITION 201
3.1 Problem Description 201
3.2 Structure of Web Services Composition 202
3.3 Models to Compose Web Services 203
4. PROBLEM MODEL 210
4.1 Objectives 211
4.2 Constraints 212
5. MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION 212
5.1 Non-Pareto Approach 213
5.2 Pareto Approach 214
6. RELATED WORK 216
7. CASE STUDY 218
7.1 Experimentation 218
8. CONCLUSIONS 222
9. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 222
10. SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL READING 223