Self-Assembled Nanomaterials II: Nanotubes

199 Pages·2008·5.272 MB·English

by  Takuya Yamamoto, Takanori Fukushima, Takuzo Aida (auth.), Toshimi Shimizu (eds.)

220
Advances in Polymer Science
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H.-H.Kausch·S.Kobayashi·K.-S.Lee·L.Leibler·T.E.Long
I.Manners·M.Möller·O.Nuyken·E.M.Terentjev
B.Voit·G.Wegner·U.Wiesner
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Self-Assembled Nanomaterials II
Nanotubes
Volume Editor: ToshimiShimizu
Withcontributionsby
T.Aida·T.Fukushima·G.Liu·M.Numata
S.Shinkai·M.Steinhart·T.Yamamoto
123
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Preface
Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials, devices, and systems
through the control of matter on the nanometer-length scale. This takes
placeatthescaleofatoms,molecules, andsupramolecular structures.Inthe
worldofchemistry,therationaldesignofmolecularstructuresandoptimized
control of self-assembly conditions have enabled us to control the resultant
self-assembled morphologies having 1 to 100-nm dimensions with single-
nanometer precision. This current research trend applying the bottom-up
approachtomolecules remarkably contrastswiththe top-downapproachin
nanotechnology,inwhichelectronicdevicesareminiaturizingtosmallerthan
30nm.However,evenengineersworkingwithstate-of-the-artcomputertech-
nologystatethat maintaining therateofimprovement based onMoore’slaw
willbethemostdifficultchallengeinthenextdecade.
On the other hand, the excellent properties and intelligent functions of
avarietyofnaturalmaterialshaveinspired polymerandorganicchemiststo
tailortheirsyntheticorganicalternativesbyextractingtheessentialstructural
elements. In particular, one-dimensional structures in nature with sophisti-
catedhierarchy,suchasmyelinatedaxonsinneurons,tendon,proteintubesof
tubulin,andspiderwebs,provideintriguingexamplesofintegratedfunctions
andproperties.
Againstthisbackground,supramolecularself-assemblyofone-dimensional
architectures like fibers and tubes from amphiphilic molecules, bio-related
molecules,andproperlydesignedself-assemblingpolymermoleculeshasat-
tractedrapidlygrowinginterest.Theintrinsicpropertiesoforganicmolecules
suchasthediversityofstructures,facileimplementationoffunctionality,and
theaggregationproperty,provideinfinitepossibilitiesforthedevelopmentof
newandinteresting advanced materials inthenear future. Themorphologi-
callyvariable characteristicsofsupramolecular assemblies canalso function
as pre-organized templates to synthesize one-dimensional hybrid nanocom-
posites. The obtained one-dimensional organic–inorganic, organic–bio, or
organic–metal hybrid materials are potentially applicable to sensor/actuator
arrays,nanowires,andopto-electricdevices.
ThepresentvolumesonSelf-AssembledNanofibers(Volume219)andNano-
tubes(Volume220)provideanoverviewonthoseaspectswithineightchapters.
Differentpointsofviewarereflected,featuringinterestingaspectsrelatedto(a)
X Preface
theself-assembly ofsupramolecular nanofibers comprising oforganic, poly-
meric,inorganicandbiomolecules(N.Kimizuka,inVolume219,Chapter1),
(b) controlled self-assembly of artificial peptides and peptidomimetics into
nanofiber architectures (N. Higashi, T. Koga, in Volume 219, Chapter 2), (c)
self-assemblednanostructuresfromamphiphilicrodmolecules(B.-K.Cho,H.-
J.Kim,Y.-W.Chung,B.-I.Lee,M.Lee,inVolume219,Chapter3),(d)theproduc-
tion of functional self-assembled nanofibers by electrospinning (A. Greiner,
J.H. Wendorff, in Volume 219, Chapter 4), (e) the synthesis of tailored π–
electronic organic nanotubes and nanocoils (T. Yamamoto, T. Fukushima,
T.Aida, inVolume220, Chapter 1), (f)preparationandfundamentalaspects
of nanotubes self-assembled fromblockcopolymers (G. Liu, in Volume 220,
Chapter2),(g)β-1,3-glucanthatcanactasuniquenaturalnanotubesandincor-
porateconjugatedpolymersormolecularassemblies(M.Numata,S.Shinkai,
inVolume220,Chapter3),and(h)thefabricationofself-assembledpolymer
nanotubes involving the use of a nanoporous hard template (M. Steinhart,
inVolume220,Chapter 4). Avarietyofnanofibersandnanotubeswithwell-
definedmorphologiesanddimensionsarediscussedintermsofself-assembly
ofmolecularandpolymerbuildingblocksinbulksolutionorconfinedgeom-
etrylikenanopores.
Current materials and manufacturing technologies strongly require tech-
nological advances for reducing environmental load combined with energy
andresourcesavingsinproduction.Inordertodevelopsuchtechnologiesfor
the development of a sustainable society, research on materials production
basedontheself-assemblytechniqueisofgreatinterest.Hopefully,thesevol-
umeswillbebeneficialtoreadersinvolvedwithself-organizationinthefield
ofbottom-upnanotechnologyaswellasthoseconcernedwithindustrialfiber
processing.
Tsukuba,June2008 ToshimiShimizu
Contents
Self-AssembledNanotubesandNanocoils
fromπ-ConjugatedBuildingBlocks
T.Yamamoto·T.Fukushima·T.Aida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
BlockCopolymerNanotubesDerivedfromSelf-Assembly
G.Liu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Self-AssembledPolysaccharideNanotubes
Generatedfromβ-1,3-GlucanPolysaccharides
M.Numata·S.Shinkai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
SupramolecularOrganizationofPolymericMaterials
inNanoporousHardTemplates
M.Steinhart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
SubjectIndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189