Selected Topics in Nonlinear Dynamics and Theoretical Electrical Engineering PDF
Preview Selected Topics in Nonlinear Dynamics and Theoretical Electrical Engineering
Studies in Computational Intelligence 483 Kyandoghere Kyamakya Wolfgang A. Halang Wolfgang Mathis Jean Chamberlain Chedjou Zhong Li (Eds.) Selected Topics in Nonlinear Dynamics and Theoretical Electrical Engineering 1 3 Studies in Computational Intelligence 483 Editor-in-Chief Prof.JanuszKacprzyk SystemsResearchInstitute PolishAcademyofSciences ul.Newelska6 01-447Warsaw Poland E-mail:[email protected] Forfurthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7092 Kyandoghere Kyamakya, Wolfgang A. Halang, Wolfgang Mathis, Jean Chamberlain Chedjou, and Zhong Li (Eds.) Selected Topics in Nonlinear Dynamics and Theoretical Electrical Engineering ABC Editors Univ.-Prof.Dr.-Ing.KyandoghereKyamakya Ass.Prof.Dr.-Ing.JeanChamberlainChedjou Alpen-AdriaUniversitätKlagenfurt Alpen-AdriaUniversitätKlagenfurt Klagenfurt Klagenfurt Österreich Österreich Prof.Dr.Dr.WolfgangA.Halang apl.Prof.Dr.habil.ZhongLi FernuniversitätHagen FernuniversitätHagen Philipp-Reis-Gebäude Philipp-Reis-Gebäude Hagen Hagen Deutschland Deutschland Prof.WolfgangMathis InstitutfürTheoretischeElektrotechnik LeibnizUniversitätHannover Hannover Deutschland ISSN1860-949X ISSN1860-9503 (electronic) ISBN978-3-642-37780-8 ISBN978-3-642-37781-5 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-642-37781-5 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013935709 (cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. 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Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Thelastdecadehaswitnessedatremendousattentiondevotedtobothmodelingand simulationofnonlineardynamicalsystems.Thishighinterestisduetothegrowing awarenessthatnonlineardynamicsisinherentina vastclassofsystems, phenom- enaandevents:naturalbiologicalsystems,physicalsystems,engineeringsystems, etc. A study of the relevant state-of-the-artrevealsvarious scientific contributions basedonmodeling,simulationandcontrolofnonlineardynamicalsystems.Various interesting and striking states of these systems are of particular interest: periodic, quasi-periodic, stable, unstable, deterministic, stochastic, synchronized, torus and chaotic dynamics, etc. A good understanding and mastering of these states does leadtovariouspotentialinterestingapplications. Modelapproximationappearstobeaverycommonmodelingtechniqueinengi- neeringsinceaccuratemodelsaregenerallyverycomplexandtoughtosolveeither analyticallyorevennumerically.Further,itiswellknownthatnumericalsimulation ispronetoaccumulationofround-offerrorsduringcomputation,whichcouldresult intonon-realisticoutcomesespeciallyincaseofextremelystiffsystems.Numerical simulationisalsoeventuallyverytime-consumingandsimulationconvergenceofis notwell tractablesystematically.Thus,sometrade-offbetweenthe potentialanal- ysis techniques appears necessary. Approximate models are easily solvable either analyticallyor numericallyalthoughthe results obtainedare of less accuracy.Ac- curatemodelingwhilemasteringrelatedcomputationalconcernsisindeedaserious challengeformoderncomputationalengineering. Thisbookisacollectionofrecentadvancedcontributionsinthefieldofnonlinear dynamicsand synchronization,with special applicationsin the area of theoretical electricalengineering.Thebookcontainstwenty-fourchaptersgroupedinfiveparts. The first partconsisting of six chaptersdoesfocuson theoreticalissues related to chaos and synchronizationand their potentialapplications in mechanics, trans- portation,communicationandsecurity.Thesecondparthavingsixchaptershandles dynamicsystemsmodelingandsimulationwithspecialapplicationstorealphysical systemsandphenomena.Thethirdpartconsistingoffourchaptersdiscussessome fundamentalsofelectromagnetics(EM)andaddressesthemodelingandsimulation in some realphysicalelectromagneticscenarios. The fourth partof three chapters VI Preface doesmainlyaddressstabilityconcerns.Finally,thelastparthavingfourchaptersas- semblessomesampleapplicationsintheareaofoptimization,datamining,pattern recognitionandimageprocessing. Inthefollowingthecontentsoftwenty-fourchaptersofthisbooksisrespectively brieflypresented. The first chapter, Synchronization of two nonidentical clocks: What Huy- gens was able to observe?, by Krzysztof Czolczynski, Przemysław Perlikowski, Andrzej Stefanski, and Tomasz Kapitaniak, addresses the synchronization of two non-identicalclocks.Anin-depthanalyticalstudyiscarriedouttodemonstratethe occurrenceofbothalmostcomplete(in-phase)andalmostanti-phasesynchroniza- tions. These types of synchronizationare defined in terms of the phase shift. Evi- denceisprovidedtoexplainthephenomenonofalmostanti-phasesynchronization oftwopendulumclocksthatHuygenswasunabletoobserveexperimentallyinthe XVIIthcentury. Thesecondchapter,Onthesynchronizationof1Dand2Dmulti-scrollchaotic oscillators,byJ.M.Mun˜oz-Pacheco,E.Zambrano-Serrano,O.G.Fe´lix-Beltra´n,E. Tlelo-Cuautle, L.C. Go´mez-Pavo´n, R. Trejo-Guerra, A. Luis-Ramos, C. Sa´nchez- Lo´pez, investigates synchronization issues in 1D and 2D multi-scroll chaotic os- cillators. The applicabilityof these issues in communicationand security systems is demonstrated.The 1D and 2D multi-scrollchaotic oscillators are simulated us- ing the analog computingparadigm.A chaotic synchronizationscheme for multi- directionalmulti-scrollchaosgeneratorsisintroducedandtheHamiltoniantheoryis usedtoderivesynchronizationcriteria.Finally,twoschemesareset-uptotransmit encrypted binary and analog signals by applying chaotic switching technique and additive chaotic masking, respectively. Both schemes are also implemented using analogcomputing.Thiscomputingparadigmissimulated/emulatedon. The thirdchapter,Nonlinear filtering of chaosfor real-timeapplications, by V. Kontorovich and Z. Lovtchikova investigates the nonlinear filtering of chaotic signals in presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Specifically, non- linear filtering and chaotic phenomenaare investigatedwith concrete applications in electrical engineering, basically in communications, control, etc. It is demon- strated that both nonlinear and chaotic filtering are processes leading to various potentialapplicationsincludingthosewhicharerelatedtoreal-timeregimecondi- tions.Examplesoftheseapplicationsincludechaos-basedcommunicationssystems synchronization, real-time control of chaos, radio-frequency interference filtering andmitigation,andchaoticsystemidentification,justtonameafew. Thefourthchapter,Time-of-flightestimationusingsynchronizedchaoticsys- tems,byChristianF.WallingerandMarkusBrandnerdevelopsatheoreticalranging concept based on time-of-flight(ToF) estimation. It is demonstrated that the con- cept involving chaotic signal leads to various potential metrological applications. A series of performance criteria for these applications are defined as fundamen- tal parameters of the delay estimation process. An experimental demonstration is describedshowingtheapplicabilityofsynchronizedchaoticsystemsinaToFmea- surementsystem. Manytime-delaysare evaluated analyticallyand experimentally andacomparisonisperformedtovalidatetheconceptsdeveloped. Preface VII Thefifthchapter,Binarysynchronizationofcomplexdynamicsincellularau- tomataanditsapplicationsincompressedsensingandcryptography,byRadu Dogaru and Ioana Dogaru applies a concept involving cellular automata to both modeling and synchronization of complex dynamics. A specific focus is devoted to the binarysynchronizationofthe transmittedbitstream.Itis demonstratedthat the decodingof this stream is possible only when the structure of the cellular au- tomata(encryptionkey)isknown.Finally,someapplicationsoftheconceptdevel- oped are consideredin cryptography,spread spectrum communications,and com- pressedsensing.Finally,animplementationoftheconceptonFPGAispresented. Thesixthchapter, Self-ShapingAttractorsforCoupledLimitCycleOscilla- tors,byJulioRodriguez,Max-OlivierHonglerandPhilippeBlanchardinvestigates theissuesrelatedtobothsynchronizationandadaptationinnetworksofcoupled(or interacting)limitcycleoscillatorseachofwhichischaracterizedbyitsfrequencies and the shape of limit cycle. Specifically,the results obtainedshare light between synchronizationandadaptationandthereforerevealthefundamentaldifferencebe- tween them. In essence, an in-depth and systematic theoretical analysis is carried outandsetsofanalyticalconditionsarederivedunderwhichthecoupledoscillators are likely to exhibitbothsynchronized-and adaptive-dynamics.In particularit is demonstratedthatthe self-adaptivemechanismultimately driveall oscillatorsto a consensualdynamicalstate where all local systems share a common and constant consensualsetofparameters.Theseparametersarecalculatedanalyticallyanditis demonstrated that their values are independent of the network topology although these values significantly affect the convergence rate. Therefore, interactions are implementedviaacouplingmatrixwhosespectralpropertiescharacterizethecon- vergenceconditionsleadingtoaconsensualstate.Finallynumericalsimulationsare carriedouttovalidatetheanalyticalresults. Theseventhchapter,Fastswitchingbehaviorinnonlinearelectroniccircuits: a geometric approach, by Tina Thiessen, So¨ren Plo¨nnigs and Wolfgang Mathis developsa geometric conceptto detect some striking and unexpectedbehavior of aspecific classofnonlinearelectroniccircuits.Anexampleofthisbehavioristhe fastswitchingbehaviorofcircuitswhichischaracterizedbythejumpsintheirstate space.Ananalyticalstudyisdevelopedandappropriatecriteriaarederivedforthe occurrence of jump conditions. The approach developed in this work is essential as it allows a separation between the transientstates of the electronic circuits and their permanent states. Finally, it is demonstrated that the geometric concept de- veloped can easily be adapted to a system of equations based on MNA, allowing animplementationoncircuitsimulatorssuchasSPICE.Numericalsimulationsare consideredtovalidatetheanalyticalresultsdeveloped. Theeighthchapter,DynamicsofLie´nardoptoelectronicoscillators,byBruno Romeira,Jose´Figueiredo,CharlesN.IronsideandJulienJavaloyesinvestigatesthe behavioranonlinearoptoelectronicoscillators(OEO)ofLie´nardtypes.Itisdemon- stratedthattheeffectsduetonegativedifferentialresistanceacrossthetunneldiode leadstooscillationswithinthesystem.Theconceptdevelopedinthischapterisvali- datedbysomerecentexperimentalresultspresentedbytherelevantstate-of-the-art. A specific focusis devotedto bothelectricalandopticalsystems, likely toexhibit VIII Preface complexdynamicsrangingfromself-sustainedrelaxationoscillations,to injection lockingandchaoticdynamics.Potentialapplicationsoftheconceptinthischapter are found in the developmentof secure communicationsystems and highly stabi- lizedOEOdevicesformicrowave-photonicsystems. The ninth chapter, Application of coupled dynamical systems for communi- tiesdetectionincomplexnetworks,byNikolaiNefedov,modelsthe stablecom- munities’detectionandlinkspredictionsprocessesincomplexnetworksbycoupled ordinarydifferentialequations.Thedynamicsofthelocalstatesisdescribedbythe well-knownKuramotomodel.Themethodisbasedonthedynamicalformulationof modularityusingarandomwalkandthenisextendedtocoupleddynamicalsystems todetectcommunitiesatdifferenthierarchicallevels.Bothattractiveandrepulsive couplingareconsideredandtheireffectsonthedynamicsoftheglobalnetworkare analyzed.Asproofofconceptsoftheapproachdevelopedinthechapter,practical datasetsrecordedduringtheNokiamobile-datacollectioncampaignareconsidered andtheconceptdevelopedisappliedtoderivethepotentialstructuresofthesocial communityandtoperformlinkpredictionsorrecommendations. Thetenthchapter,Infinitenetworksofhubs, spirals,andzig-zagpatternsin self-sustainedoscillationsofatunneldiodeandofanerbium-dopedfiber-ring laser, by Ricardo E. Francke, Thorsten Po¨schel, and Jason A.C. Gallas, investi- gatesthedynamicsofanonlinearcircuitcontainingdiodesasanalogdevices.Some strangeandoscillatingpatternsaredepictedanalyticallywhichcannotbeexplicitly observed experimentally due to their appearance in a compressed form. To over- comethisproblema circuitusinga tunneldiodeis designed.Thiscircuitislikely to display two large spiral cascades over a wide range of parameter settings. It is demonstratedthatsuchadisplaycanbeeasilyobservedexperimentally. The eleventh chapter, Study of the dynamics of atmospheric pollution and its association with environmental parameters, by Siwek Krzysztof, Osowski Stanislaw, and Swiderski Bartosz investigates the dynamic processes of creation ofatmosphericpollutionduetoSO2,NO2andozonepropagation.Theinterdepen- dence between the pollution and the environmental atmospheric parameters (e.g. temperature,wing,humidity,insolation,etc)isinvestigated.Itisdemonstratedthat the interdependenceis nonlinear and could lead to chaotic dynamics. Finally, the resultsofthesestudiesareexploitedinthedevelopmentofpredictionmodelsofthe concentrationofparticularpollutants. Thetwelfthchapter,Systemdynamicsmodelingofintelligenttransportation systems - Human and social requirements for the construction of dynamic hypotheses, by Oana Mitrea, structures the knowledge and requirements for the (systemdynamics)modelingofdistributedactionsin theintelligenttransportation systems from the perspective of the sociology of technology. This chapter con- centrates on the potential of the theory of the distributiveness of actions in het- erogeneous constellations (sociology of technology) to enhance the formulation of dynamic hypotheses for system dynamics modeling of ITS. It is demonstrated thatthe performanceof ITSsystems dependnotonly onthe interactivitybetween the vehicle-humansystems and the environment,but also on the impact of socio- politicalandothercontextualfactorsfromabroadersocio-technicalconstellation. Preface IX The thirteenth chapter, How to Handle Societal Complexity , by Dorien DeTombe,developsafundamentalconceptprovidingasystematicapproachtocope with complexsocietal problems. Examplesof these problemsare climate change, the credit crisis, traffic dynamics, energy problems and pollution, just to name a few. In essence the most important contribution of this chapter is concerned with the enrichment of the state-of-the-art regarding the modeling of complex societal problems.Indeed,theclassicalmethodsarebasedonPolicymakers.However,most policymakersareneithereducatednorcapable,andoftenunwillingtohandlethese problemsinthemostoptimalwayinordertoreachsustainablechanges.Therefore, A scientific methodology for handling complex societal problems, the so-called Compram(complexproblemhandlingmethod)isdevelopedinthefieldofMethod- ology of Societal Complexity. It is demonstrated that applying this methodology leadstomorerobust/stableandsustainablechangesinsituationscausedbycomplex societalproblems. Thefourteenthchapter,Fundamentalsofelectrodynamics,byBrankoMisˇkovic, developssomefundamentalbasicsoftheelectromagnetics(EM)theory.Somelights are shed on important basic aspects of the EM theory which were not clearly ex- plainedbytherelevantliterature.ThisisachievedconsideringthreeclassesofEM quantities namely, electric charges, currents, and kinetic magnetic fields. A new mathematicalexpressionofthegeneralkineticcentrallawisderivedusingthecon- ceptdevelopedinthischapter.Further,thesecondaryfieldtransformationsarealso completed. The relativistic postulates and respective kinematical transformations, basedontheincompletefieldtransformations,arefinallydisqualified.Ontheother hand,Einstein’sequationandLorentz’mass functionare explainedand validated. Thecircularspatialaxesarealsoexplainedandvalidatedbythewavecosmicpro- cess, which determines by itself gravitationalattraction, with unique and uniform lapseoftime,inagreementwiththeGalileanview. The fifteenth chapter, Advanced adaptive algorithms in 2D finite elements method of higher order of accuracy, by Pavel Karban, Ivo Dolezˇel, Frantisˇek Mach, and Bohusˇ Ulrych develops a new method for automatic adaptivity in fi- niteelementmethodsofhigherorderofaccuracy.Themainattentionisdevotedto hp-adaptivity techniques that exhibit the highest level of flexibility and exponen- tialconvergenceofresults.ThetechnologiesareimplementedintheadaptiveFEM codesandfinallybothAgros2DandHermes2Dbasedonahigher-orderfiniteele- mentmethodareillustratedbythreetypicalexamples. Thesixteenthchapter,SPICEmodelforfasttimedomainsimulationofpower transformers, exploiting the ferromagnetic hysteresis and eddy-currents, by LucianMandache,DumitruTopan,MihaiIordache,andIoanaGabrielaSirbu,con- sidersbothmodelingandsimulation(usingSPICE)ofpowertransformers.Specific states are depicted, namely saturation regime, static hysteresis and eddy currents. The principle of magnetic circuit modeling is based on analog lumped equivalent circuitsandtheSPICEimplementationusestheprincipleofmodularity.Itisdemon- strated that the method developedin this chapter allows simulation of normalop- eration modes, as well as critical transients and faulty conditions.A case study is X Preface presentedtoprovethefeasibility,usefulnessandaccuracyoftheproposedmodeling and simulation approach, where the SPICE results are validated by experimental ones. The seventeenth chapter, Hard-coupled modeling of induction shrink fit of gas-turbine active wheel, by Va´clav Kotlan, Pavel Karban, Bohusˇ Ulrych, Ivo Dolezˇel, and Pavel Kus, develops a hard-coupled model of induction heating of a ferromagneticdisk. The mathematicalmodelis derivedfrom three coupled par- tialdifferentialequations(forthedistributionofelectromagneticfield,temperature fieldandfieldofthermo-elasticdisplacements)whosecoefficientsaretemperature- dependentfunctions.ThefiniteelementmethodisimplementedintotheHermesand Agroscodesand numericalsolutionsareobtained.The methodologyis illustrated by a typical example, i.e., heating of an active wheel of a high-speed gas turbine that is to be hot-pressedon a shaft with the aim of obtaininga shrink fit allowing transferringthe giventorque at the nominalrevolutions.Finally the parametersof theheatingprocessintransverseandlongitudinalmagneticfieldsareevaluatedand discussed. Theeighteenthchapter,Stabilityanalysisandlimitcyclesofhighordersigma- delta modulators, by Valeri Mladenov, considers the stability analysis of limit cycle oscillations in a one bit high order sigma-delta modulators. An approach is developedandappliedtosigma-deltamodulatorsasageneralanalysisframework. Theapproachdevelopedisbasedonaparalleldecompositionofthemodulatorand a direct nonlinear systems analysis. In this representation, the general N-th order modulator is transformed into a decomposition of low order, generally complex modulators,whichinteractonlythroughthequantizerfunction. Thenineteenthchapter,Stabilityanalysisofvectorequalizationbasedonre- current neural networks, by Mohamad Mostafa, Werner G. Teich, and Ju¨rgen Lindner,focusesonanapplicationofRNNsincommunicationsengineering,namely the vectorequalization.Theimportanceof thisprocedurearisesfromthe factthat thereisnoneedfortraining.TheparametersoftheRNNtoactasvectorequalizer can be obtained by investigatingthe stability properties of these networks and by choosingasuitableactivationfunction,whichisthecoreofthiswork.Bothglobal andlocalstabilityofthediscrete-timeandcontinuous-timeRNNinthecontextofa vectorequalizerareanalyzedandtheimpactofthestabilityconditionsontheequal- izationprocessis depicted.Itisshownthatthe globalstabilityis interestingif the weightmatrix is not symmetric. Finally, it is demonstratedthat a vectorequalizer basedonRNNswithincreasingslopeoftheactivationfunctionduringtheiteration processcanbeinterpretedasaschemewithatransitionfromglobalstabilitytolocal stability. The twentieth chapter, Stability of linear circuits with interval data: a case study, by ZygmuntA. Garczarczykanalysesthe stability of a linear lumpedelec- tric circuit with interval data that modeluncertainties of their element parameters (passiveelementvaluesR,L,Candcontrolledsourcecoefficientsk).Anapproach is developedbasedon the checkingof the stability of a symmetricintervalmatrix associatedwiththestatematrixandonsomeintervalanalysisresults.Themethodis
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