Seismicity in Mines PDF
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Seismicity in Mines Edited by Slawomir J. Gibowicz 1989 Birkhauser Verlag Basel· Boston . Berlin Reprint from Pure and Applied Geophysics (PAGEOPH), Volume 129 (1989), No. 3/4 Editor's address: S~awomir J. Gibowicz Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences P.O.Box 155, Pasteura 3 00-973 Warsaw, Poland Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Seismicity in mines / edited by Siawomir J. Gibowicz. p. cm. »Reprint from Pure and applied geophysics (PAGEOPH), volume 129 (1989), no. 3/4« - - T.p. verso. Includes bibliographies and index. ISBN-13: 978-3-7643-2273-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-0348-9270-4 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-0348-9270-4 1. Rock bursts. 2. Earthquakes. I. Gibowicz, S~awomir J., 1933-. TN317.S37 1989 622' .8--dc19 88-34212 CIP-Titelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek Seismicity in mines / ed. by Siawomir J. Gibowicz. - Reprint. - Basel; Boston; Berlin: Birkhauser, 1989 Aus: Pure and applied geophysics ; Vol. 129, No. 3/4 NE: Gibowicz, S~awomir J. [Hrsg.] This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use a fee is payable to »Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich. © 1989 Birkhauser Verlag Basel Contents 283 Introduction, S. J. Gibowicz 285 Fred Leighton Memorial Workshop on Mining Induced Seismicity, August 30,1987. Editorial. Papers presented at the Workshop. Panel discussion, R. P. Young 295 Analysis of exceptionally large tremors in two gold mining districts of South Africa, A. McGarr, J. Bicknell, E. Sembera and R. W. E. Green 309 The mechanism of small mining tremors from amplitude inversion, J. Sileny 325 Source mechanism of a large scale gas outburst at Sunagawa coal mine in Japan, K. Sato and Y. Fujii 345 Mining-related and tectonic seismicity in the East Mountain area, Wasatch Plateau, Utah, U.S.A., D. J. Williams and W. J. Arabasz 369 Observations of mine seismicity in the eastern Wasatch Plateau, Utah, U.S.A.: A possible case of implosional failure, I. G. Wong, J. R. Humphrey, J. A. Adams and W. J. Silva 407 Microearthquake activity associated with underground coal-mining in Buchanan County, Virginia, U.S.A., G. A. Bollinger 415 The Alabama, U.S.A., seismic event and strata collapse of May 7, 1986, L. T. Long and C. W. Copeland 423 Induced seismicity in mines in Canada-an overview, H. S. Hasegawa, R. J. Wetmiller and D. J. Gendzwill 455 Analysis of mining-induced microseismic events at Strathcona mine, Sud bury, Canada, R. P. Young, S. Talebi, D. A. Hutchins, and T. I. Urbancic 475 Microseismicity in a flooded potash mine, the Hope mine, Federal Republic of Germany, C. Heick and D. Flach 497 Changes in the early part of the seismic coda due to localized scatterers: The estimation of Q in a stope environment, A. Cichowicz and R. W. E. Green 513 Seismological models for mining-induced seismic events, W. Kuhnt, P. Knoll, H. Grosser and H.-J. Behrens 523 Continuous evaluation of seismic hazard induced by the deposit extraction in selected coal mines in Poland, E. Glowacka and A. Kijko 535 Induced gravity anomalies and seismic energy as a basis for prediction of mining tremors, z. Fajklewicz and K. Jakiel 553 Application of singular value decomposition method for location of seismic events in mines, J. Niewiadomski 571 Geotomographic imaging in the study of mining induced seismicity, R. P. Young, D. A. Hutchins, J. McGaughey, J. Towers, D. Jansen and M. Bostock 597 Seismic tomography in the Ostrava-Karvina mining region, J. Jech 609 Recognition of the zones of seismic hazard in Polish coal mines by using a seismic method, J. Dubinski and J. Dworak 619 Rockburst research at Falconbridge's Strathcona mine, Sudbury, Canada, D. M. Morrison 647 Laboratory and field investigations of rockburst phenomena using concur rent geotomographic imaging and acoustic emission/micro seismic tech niques, R. P. Young, D. A. Hutchins, S. Talebi, T. Chow, S. Falls, L. Fare/I, D. Jansen, J. McGaughey, J. Towers and T. Urbancic 661 The Canada-Ontario-industry rockburst project, D. G. F. Hedley and J. E. Udd 673 Perspectives on seismic and rock burst research in the South African gold mining industry: 1983-1987, S. M. Spottiswoode PAGEOPH, Vol. 129, Nos. 3/4 (1989) 0033-4553/89/040283--{)2$1.50 + 0.20/0 © 1989 Birkhiiuser Verlag, Basel Introduction Rockbursts are the most serious and least understood phenomena in deep mining operations throughout the world. The problem becomes more severe when the mining operations are more extensive and when their depth increases. Although rockbursts form only a small subset within a large set of seismic events induced by mining, there are no clearly cut lines which would imply that a specific seismic event in a given situation would become a rockburst. There is still much to be learned about seismicity in mines in general to provide a plausible basis for the evaluation of rock burst hazard, despite the recent progress made in this field. This special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics contains 22 papers from 8 countries where substantial research is conducted in the field of mine-induced seismicity. Out of 22 papers in total, 8 papers have been presented at the Fred Leighton Memorial Workshop on Mining Induced Seismicity, held in Montreal on August 30, 1987. I have selected these papers from the workshop preprints provided by Dr. R. P. Young of Queen's University, Kingston, Canada-the workshop organizer. This introduction is followed by his editorial related to the Montreal Workshop, list of papers presented and extended summary of a panel discussion held there, which I found a valuable and informative supplement to the papers originally submitted to the special issue. I divided the papers in this issue into four groups. The first group contains 10 papers describing seismicity patterns in various mines in general and seismic source mechanisms in particular. Although studies of large mine tremors have confirmed that they are caused by shear failures on fault planes in a rockmass, there is growing evidence that other alternative mechanisms than that of double-couple are possible for seismic events directly connected with the mining operations. Such prominent cases of what appears to be non-double-couple focal mechanisms are reported here in several papers. The second group contains 4 papers dealing with the coda waves originated by scatterers localized in the stope fracture zone, a barrier/asperity source model proposed to interpret mine tremors and rock bursts, the correlation between the deposit extraction and seismic hazard, and microgravimetric anomalies believed to be precursory phenomena to seismic events induced by mining. The third group contains 4 papers as well, devoted to the methods based on travel times and velocities of seismic waves. The papers deal with location methods of mine tremors for which an accuracy of the order of a few tens of meters is required, and with seismic tomography and its applications in mines. 284 Slawomir J. Gibowicz PAGEOPH, The last group is also composed of 4 papers which are of informative rather than research character. I expect that they could be of interest not only to those involved in the field of mining induced seismicity but also to the geophysical community at large. A report on the rock burst research at Faiconbridge in Canada is followed by the progress report on a research project, undertaken in Canada in 1986, to investigate mining induced seismic phenomena using concurrent tomo graphic imaging and micro seismic monitoring techniques. The research on rock bursts undertaken in Canada is described yet in another comprehensive report, providing further details on this most ambitious and vigorous approach to the problem. Finally, the last paper in the issue describes the research on seismicity in mines undertaken in South Africa in the past few years, where this research has been the most active. I am grateful to Dr. R. P. Young for his offer to publish in this issue the papers presented at the Montreal Workshop and for his assistance and cooperation in preparing the selected papers for publication. I am also grateful to Dr. R. Dmowska of Harvard University for her valuable editorial advice, and to the management of my institute, the Institute of Geophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, for providing technical assistance during the preparation of the special issue. I am deeply thankful for the time and effort offered by the following scientists who reviewed the manuscripts submitted to the special issue 'Seismicity in Mines': Keiiti Aki, Walter J. Arabasz, John Boatwright, Bruce A. Bolt, A. van Zyl Brink, Charles G. Bufe, Artur Cichowicz, N. C. Gay, Don J. Gendzwill, R. W. E. Green, H. Reginald Hardy, H.-P. Harjes, H. S. Hasegawa, Robert B. Herrmann, E. Hurtig, Lane R. Johnson, Hiroo Kanamori, Andrzej Kijko, Carl Kisslinger, W. H. K. Lee, Raul Madariaga, Art McGarr, Janusz Niewiadomski, Otto W. Nuttli, Mitiyasu Ohnaka, D. S. Parasnis, V. Rudajev, Kacper Rybicki, Haruo Sato, Kunihiko Shimazaki, Roman Teisseyre, Rutger Wahlstrom, Robert J. Wetmiller, Ivan G. Wong, and R. Paul Young. SLAWOMIR J. GIBOWICZ Guest Editor PAGEOPH, Vol. 129, Nos. 3/4 (1989) 0033-4553/89/040285-09$1.50 + 0.20/0 © 1989 Birkhiiuser Verlag, Basel Fred Leighton Memorial Workshop on Mining Induced Seismicity August 30, 1987 R. PAUL YOUNG1 Editorial This workshop was first suggested by the rockburst sub-committee of the CIM and the organizing committee of the 6th ISRM Congress. Stan Bharti of Falconbridge and Will Bawden of Noranda approached me with the request to organize a one-day workshop as part of the 6th ISRM International Rock Mechanics Congress, held in Montreal August 30 to September 3, 1987. We thought the timing of the meeting was appropriate because it was five years since the 1s t International Symposium on Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines, held in Johannesburg, South Africa. In addition, we felt that this type of workshop would generate ideas which could be developed further at the 6th ISRM Congress and the 2nd International Symposium on Rock bursts and Seismicity in Mines, to be held at the University of Minnesota, June 1988. I decided to dedicate the workshop to Fred Leighton, a scientist and former head of the US Bureau of Mines Microseismic Applications Group at the Denver Research Center, Colorado, who died in 1986. Fred was born and educated in Colorado and attended the Colorado School of Mines. For over 20 years, he made significant contributions in the application of AE/MS techniques to problems in mine health and safety. Fred is probably best known for the several volumes on geotechnical applications of AE/MS techniques, which he co-edited with Dr. Reg Hardy of the Pennsylvania State University. The last scientific visit made by Fred was to my laboratory at Queen's University in the summer of 1985, as part of a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada scientific review panel. We discussed my research programme to investigate mining induced seismic phenomena, which was then at the design stage and I remain indebted to him for his valuable comments and advice. The Fred Leighton Memorial Workshop was divided into three consecutive sessions. The objective of the morning session was to focus in on selected topics I Department of Geological Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada, K7L 3N6. 286 R. Paul Young PAGEOPH, within the field of mining induced seismicity, to probe the extent of knowledge in those areas and to highlight the direction for further work. Papers were presented by four authors: Dr. W. Blake on micro seismic instrumentation; Dr. J. Niewiadom ski on source location techniques; Dr. A. McGarr on seismic processing and interpretation techniques; and myself on applications of geotomographic imaging in the study of mining induced seismicity. The lunchtime poster session allowed mining companies, research organizations and universities who are carrying out work in the field, the opportunity to present their approach, observations and interpretations in the form of poster displays. It was very encouraging to see that 17 poster presentations were made. The objective of the afternoon session was to provide an overview of selected international/national research programmes in the field of mining induced seismicity. Papers were presented by four authors: Dr. H. R. Hardy gave an international review of AE/MS techniques, whilst Drs. D. Hedley, S. Spottiswoode and B. Brady provided national perspectives for Canada, South Africa and the USA, respectively. The workshop concluded with a discussion by a panel of experts from mining companies, national research organizations and universities. The panel, chaired by Mr. D. Ortlepp, addressed key questions and problems in the field of mining induced seismicity. I was both delighted and encouraged by the positive response the workshop received. This was highlighted by the fact that there were over 125 delegates from 5 continents, who attended the workshop and dinner. The proceedings (distributed at the workshop and now available from Queen's University), over 300 pages from 25 papers, reflect the current awareness of and necessity to understand phenomena associated with mining-induced seismicity. As the World's mines become deeper and mining induced seismicity increases, the greater potential for rock bursts will neces sitate a better understanding of the complex interactions between mine design, rock mass physical properties, local and regional stresses, structural geology and seismic ity. It was unfortunate that Professor S. J. Gibowicz of the Polish Academy of Sciences, a person whom I and fellow scientists consider to be the guru in the field of mining induced seismicity, was not able to be with us at the meeting. Professor Gibowicz is the editor of a special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics on 'Seismicity in Mines' and I am pleased to see that several edited papers from the proceedings appear in this special issue. Finally, I would like to thank the many individuals who helped me make the workshop a reality, including the authors, Dr. H. Brehaut for his talk at the workshop dinner, the members of the expert panel and the delegates. Papers Presented at the Workshop: Topics in Mining Induced Seismicity Microseismic instrumentation W. Blake Vol. 129, 1989 Fred Leighton Memorial Workshop 287 Source location techniques for seismic activity in mines J. Niewiadomski Analysis of exceptionally large tremors in two gold mining districts of South Africa A. McGarr, J. Bicknell, E. Sembera, and R. W. E. Green Geotomographic imaging in the study of mining induced seismicity R. P. Young, D. A. Hutchins, J. McGaughey, J. Towers, D. Jansen, and M. Bostock International and National Perspectives on Microseismic / Rockburst Research A review of international research relative to the geotechnical field application of acoustic emission/microseismic techniques H. R. Hardy, Jr. The Canada-Ontario-industry rockburst project D. G. F. Hedley and J. E. Udd Perspectives on seismic and rock burst research in the South African gold mining ind ustry: 1983 to 1987 S. M. Spottiswoode Microseismic/rockburst research at the Galena mine, USA: A perspective B. T. Brady Poster Papers: National Research Organizations Seismic monitoring systems being used in the Canada/Ontario/industry rockburst project D. Hanson, P. Rochon, and T. Semadeni Mine tremor studies at a South African gold mine J. M. Churcher, S. M. Spottiswoode, and D. Brawn Stress control engineering for rock burst control F. M. Jenkins Poster Papers: Mining Industry Rock mechanics at Campbell Red Lake Mine T. Makuch Rockburst research at Falconbridge Limited G. R. Davidge Research related to mining induced seismicity at INCO Limited P. McDonald and L. Cochrane
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