Table Of ContentSEISMIC DESIGN METHODOLOGIES FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF CODES
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SEISMIC DESIGN
METHODOLOGIES FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF CODES
BLED/SLOVENIA/24-27 JUNE 1997
Seismic Design Methodologies
for the Next Generation of Codes
Edited by
PETER FAJ FAR
University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
HELMUT KRAWINKLER
Stanford University, California, USA
(i^ \ Taylor &. Francis
Taylor &. Francis Group
LONDON AND NEW YORK
Cover: City hall in Sannomiya (Kobe City) after the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake.
Note the difference between the behaviour of the old (in front) and the new building (behind).
Photo: M.Fischinger
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Seismic Design Methodologies for the Next Generation of Codes, Fajfar & Krawinkier (eds)
© 1997 Taylor & Francis, ISBN 90 5410 928 9
Table of contents
Preface IX
List of participants XI
Resolutions XV
Conclusions and recommendations XVII
Performance-based seismic engineering: A critical review of proposed guidelines 1
VV.Bertero
Defining performance objectives 33
R. O. Hamburger
Opportunities and challenges - Development of performance-sensitive engineering 43
J.OJirsa
Research issues in performance based seismic engineering 47
K Krawinkier
Development of performance-based design methodology in Japan 59
S. Otani
Opportunities and pitfalls of performance based seismic engineering 69
C D. Poland & D. B, Horn
International comparisons of concrete element strength requirements in seismic codes 79
KD. Booth
Seismic design with vertical earthquake motion 91
AS.Elnashai
Seismic detailing of reinforced concrete structures and performance-based codes 101
S.K.Ghosh
Uncertainties associated with ductility performance of steel building structures 111
M.Nakashima
The improvement of the seismic-resistant design for existing and new structures using 119
damage concept
KCosenza & G.Manfredi
Extreme of structural characteristic factor to reduce seismic forces due to energy absorbing 131
capacity
YIshiyama & T.Asari
Seismic damage evaluation treated as a low-cycle fatigue process 139
WB. Krätzig & KMeskouris
Evaluation of seismic performance parameters 151
H.S.Lew
A deformation-based seismic design procedure for structural wall buildings 159
H, Bachmann & A Dazio
Concepts and procedures for direct displacement-based design and assessment 171
MJ.N. Priestley & G.M.Calvi
A simplified nonlinear method for seismic damage analysis of structures 183
RFajfar, RGaspersic & D.Drobnic
Displacement-based design of RC buildings: Proposed approach and application 195
M.N.Fardis & T.B.Panagiotakos
Performance level criteria and evaluation 207
A Ghobarah, N. M.Aly & M. El-Attar
Development and apphcation of a displacement-based design approach for moment-resisting 217
frame structures
A C. Heidebrecht <&. N. D. Naumoski
Partial inelastic analysis procedure for optimum capacity design of R/ C buildings 229
AJ.Kappos
A simple approach for evaluating performance levels of moment-resisting steel frames 241
FM.Mazzolani & V. Piluso
Estimation of maximum interstoiy drift demands in displacement-based design 253
K Miranda
Performance assessment for a reinforced concrete frame building 265
J.A Browning, Y. R. Li, A Lynn &J.R Moehle
Inelastic analysis techniques in seismic evaluations 277
AM. Reinhorn
A behaviour-based design approach to earthquake-induced torsion in ductile buildings 289
TPaulay
On the seismic performance of yielding asymmetric multistorey buildings: A review 299
and a case study
A Rutenberg & M.De Stefano
Seismic response of asymmetrical buildings using pushover analysis 311
W.K.Tso & AS.Moghadam
VI
Seismic resistance verification of masonry buildings: Following the new trends 323
M.Tomazevic
Masonry infilled frames as an effective structural sub-assemblage 335
R.Zarnic & S.Gostic
Seismic analysis of viaduct structures - Which method to choose? 347
M.Fischinger, T.Isakovic & RFajfar
Effect of foundation interaction on reduction factor of RC piers 359
K.Hirao, TSawada, YNariyuki & S.Sasada
The 1996 Japanese seismic design specifications of highway bridges and the performance 371
based design
K. Kawashima
A displacement-based design approach for seismically isolated bridges 383
E,Anderson & S,AMahin
Performance-based design of seismic restrainers for simply-supported bridges 395
M.S.Saiidiy KM.MaragakiSy T.Isakovic & M.Randall
Notes on definitions of overstrength factors 407
RFajfar & T.Raulay
Author index 411
VII
Seismic Design Methodologies for the Next Generation of Codes, Fajfar & Krawinkier (eds)
© 1997 Taylor & Francis, ISBN 90 5410 928 9
Preface
Recent earthquakes have demonstrated that the behavior of many structures built in the early
seventies or before is unacceptable. Seismic evaluation and strengthening of existing structures has
become a top priority issue worldwide. Moreover, earthquakes in urban areas have demonstrated
that the economic impact of physical damage, loss of function, and business interruption is huge and
that damage control must become a more explicit design consideration.
The need for a transparent methodology that is applicable to the seismic design of new structures
as well as to the seismic evaluation and strengthening of existing structures, and that takes full
advantage of presently available ground motion information and engineering knowledge yet is
flexible enough to permit incorporation of new knowledge as it becomes available, is being
acknowledged in the research and engineering communities and has led to several major efforts
throughout the world.
Activities that are underway in different regions of the world and are directed towards developing
new methodologies are not coordinated as one may wish. Precious time could be saved if the
exchange of ideas, results, and experiences were intensified. An important step in this direction was
taken during the International Workshop on Seismic Design Methodologies for the Next Generation
of Codes, held in Bled, Slovenia, June 24-27,1997. At the Workshop, 37 invited participants and 10
observers from 13 countries addressed the following topics:
- Performance based engineering concepts;
- Specific design and performance evaluation approaches for buildings and bridges.
Papers on these topics were submitted well before the Workshop, distributed in the form of
preprints, and presented during the first two days of the Workshop. The last two days were devoted to
discussions which were organized in the form of plenary sessions and working group sessions. The
Workshop provided a valuable forum for the exchange of research results and ideas on issues of
importance to seismic risk reduction and the development of future seismic codes.
This monograph contains Resolutions, Conclusions and Recommendations made at the
Workshop, as well as a compendium of the final versions of the invited papers. The monograph is
intended to assess the state-of-the-art in performance based seismic engineering, to define the future
directions for the development of seismic design methodologies, and to identify important research
needs.
We are deeply indebted to the authors who have written original and thoughtful papers, presented
them at the Workshop, chaired the sessions, and enthusiastically participated in the lively discus
sions. We gratefully acknowledge the important contributions of Professor Matej Fischinger in all
aspects of the Workshop organization. We are also much indebted to the faculty members and the
staff of the Institute for Structural Engineering, Earthquake Engineering and Construction IT, headed
by Professor Janez Reflak, for their dedicated work which resulted in the excellent organization of
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