Seismic analysis of safety-related nuclear structures and commentary

137 Pages·2000·9.377 MB·English

by  American Society of Civil Engineers

ASCE 4-98
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American Society of Civil Engineers
Seismic Analysis of
Safety-Related
Nuclear Structures
and Commentary
This document uses both Systeme International (SI) units and customary units.
This page intentionally left blank
ASCE 4-98
American Society of Civil Engineers
Seismic Analysis of
Safety-Related Nuclear
Structures
and
Commentary
This document uses both Système International (SI) units and customary units.
Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers
1801 Alexander Bell Drive
Reston, Virginia 20191-4400
ABSTRACT
This standard provides requirements for performing analyses
for the purpose of new structure design or existing structure
evaluation that will lead to the reliability of structures under
earthquake motions. The goal of this standard is to provide
rules and analysis parameters that are expected to produce
seismic responses that have about the same probability of
non-exceedance as the input. Specifications of input motions
are provided. Analysis standards are given for modeling of
structures, analysis of structures, soil-structure interaction
modeling and analysis, input for subsystem seismic analysis,
and special structures such as buried pipes and conduits,
earth-retaining walls, above-ground vertical tanks, raceways,
and seismic-isolated structures. Non-mandatory Appendix A
provides a discussion on Seismic Probabilistic Risk Assess-
ments and Seismic Margin Assessments.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
American Society of Civil Engineers.
Seismic analysis of safety-related nuclear structures and
commentary / American Society of Civil Engineers.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7844-0433-X
1. Nuclear facilities—Evaluation—Standards—United
States. 2. Earthquake resistant design—Standards-
United States. 3. Buildings—Earthquake effects.
I. Title.
TK9152.163.A47 1999
621.48'35—dc21 99-051970
Photocopies. Authorization to photocopy material for internal
or personal use under circumstances not falling within the fair
use provisions of the Copyright Act is granted by ASCE to
libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clear-
ance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, pro-
vided that the base fee of $8.00 per article plus $.50 per page
is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA
01923. The identification for ASCE Books is 0-7844-0433-X/
00/$8.00 + $.50 per page. Requests for special permission
or bulk copying should be addressed to Permissions & Copy-
right Dept., ASCE.
Copyright © 2000 by the American Society of Civil Engineers,
All Rights Reserved.
Library of Congress Catalog Card No: 99-051970
ISBN 0-7844-0433-X
Manufactured in the United States of America.
STANDARDS
In April 1980, the Board of Direction approved ANSI/ASCE 9-91 listed with ASCE 3-91
ASCE Rules for Standards Committees to govern the ASCE 10-97 Design of Latticed Steel Transmission
writing and maintenance of standards developed by Structures
the Society. All such standards are developed by a SEI/ASCE 11-99 Guideline for Structural Condition
consensus standards process managed by the Man- Assessment of Existing Buildings
agement Group F (MGF), Codes and Standards. The ANSI/ASCE 12-91 Guideline for the Design of
consensus process includes balloting by the balanced Urban Subsurface Drainage
standards committee made up of Society members ASCE 13-93 Standard Guidelines for Installation of
and nonmembers, balloting by the membership of Urban Subsurface Drainage
ASCE as a whole, and balloting by the public. All ASCE 14-93 Standard Guidelines for Operation and
standards are updated or reaffirmed by the same pro- Maintenance of Urban Subsurface Drainage
cess at intervals not exceeding 5 years. ASCE 15-98 Standard Practice for Direct Design of
The following Standards have been issued. Buried Precast Concrete Pipe Using Standard
Installations (SIDD)
ANSI/ASCE 1-82 N-725 Guideline for Design and ASCE 16-95 Standard for Load and Resistance
Analysis of Nuclear Safety Related Earth Factor Design (LRFD) of Engineered Wood
Structures Construction
ANS^ASCE 2-91 Measurement of Oxygen Transfer ASCE 17-96 Air-Supported Structures
in Clean Water ASCE 18-96 Standard Guidelines for In-Process
ANSI/ASCE 3-91 Standard for the Structural Design Oxygen Transfer Testing
of Composite Slabs and ANSI/ASCE 9-91 Stan- ASCE 19-96 Structural Applications of Steel Cables
dard Practice for the Construction and Inspection for Buildings
of Composite Slabs ASCE 20-96 Standard Guidelines for the Design and
ASCE 4-98 Seismic Analysis of Safety-Related Installation of Pile Foundations
Nuclear Structures ASCE 21-96 Automated People Mover Standards—
Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures Part 1
(ACI 530-99/ASCE 5-99/TMS 402-99) and ASCE 21-98 Automated People Mover Standards-
Specifications for Masonry Structures (ACI Part 2
530.1-99/ASCE 6-99/TMS 602-99) SEI/ASCE 23-97 Specification for Structural Steel
ASCE 7-98 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings Beams with Web Openings
and Other Structures ASCE 24-98 Flood Resistant Design and
ANSI/ASCE 8-90 Standard Specification for the Construction
Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural ASCE 25-97 Earthquake-Actuated Automatic Gas
Members Shut-Off Devices
iii
FOREWORD
The material presented in this publication has on the part of the American Society of Civil Engi-
been prepared in accordance with recognized engi- neers, or of any other person named herein, that this
neering principles. This Standard and Commentary information is suitable for any general or particular
should not be used without first securing competent use or promises freedom from infringement of any
advice with respect to their suitability for any given patent or patents. Anyone making use of this infor-
application. The publication of the material contained mation assumes all liability from such use.
herein is not intended as a representation or warranty
iv
PREFACE
There are four steps in the design and construc- for modeling uncertainties such as selection of mate-
tion process that lead to the reliability of nuclear rial properties, mass, geometry, and damping. For ex-
safety-related structures under earthquake motions: ample, use of this standard will produce seismic re-
sponses that have about a 90% chance of not being
1. Definition of the seismic environment;
exceeded for an input response spectrum specified
2. Analysis to obtain response information;
at the 84th percentile non-exceedance level. No
3. Design or evaluation of the various structural ele-
attempt has been made to compensate for excess
ments;
conservatism or lack of conservatism in the other
4. Construction.
steps.
In the practice of structural engineering design and In response to changing perceptions of seismic
construction, sufficient conservatism is intentionally hazard for operating facilities or for quantification of
added in order to achieve the desired performance. risk or margin for new facilities, evaluation of facili-
The purpose of this standard is to provide require- ties for seismic events beyond the design basis may
ments for performing Step 2 for design of new facili- be performed. This is discussed in Appendix A,
ties. This standard may also be used for evaluation of which is nonmandatory.
existing facilities. The intent of the analysis method- Techniques other than those specified in this
ology is that the output parameters maintain about standard, including experience gained from past
the same probability of non-exceedance as the input. earthquakes, special analyses, and testing may also be
This is accomplished by specifying methods for anal- used. However, such alternative methodologies shall
ysis with essentially no conservative bias except for be properly substantiated and shall conform to the in-
small levels of conservatism added only to account tent of this standard.
V
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) acknowledges the work of the Nuclear Standards Consensus
Committee and the Working Group on Revision of ASCE Standard 4.
Nuclear Standards Consensus Committee
J. D. Stevenson, Chairman
J. Antebi A. K. Gupta
D. L. Becker R. P. Kassawara
J. G. Bennett R. P. Kennedy
J. F. Costello W. S. LaPay
F. Feng T. R. Satyan-Sharma
J. P. Gnaedinger P. J. Wang
Working Group on Revision of ASCE Standard 4
Seismic Analysis of Safety Related Nuclear Structures
R. C, Murray, Chairman
T. A. Nelson, Vice-Chairman
J. G. Bennett N. C. Karanjia
T. M. Cheng R. P. Kassawara
C. J. Costantino (Section 2 Lead) R. M. Kenneally
H. J. Dahlke C. A. Kircher
J. M. Eidinger D. P. Moore (Appendix A Lead)
C. R. Farrar T. A. Nelson (Section 3.1 & 3.2 Lead)
R. P. Gallagher D. A. Nuta (Section 3.3 Lead)
L. D. Gerdes E. Odar
R. C. Guenzler M. S. Power
A. K. Gupta N. Prasad (Section 3.5 Lead)
A. H. Hadjian J. W. Reed
Q. A. Hossain S. A. Short
J. J. Johnson A. K. Singh
A. F. Kabir K. M. Vashi (Section 3.4 Lead)
Original Working Group on ASCE 4-86
Seismic Analysis of Safety-Related Nuclear Structures
R. P. Kennedy, Chairman
R. P. Gallagher, Vice-Chairman
O, B. Abhat C. W. Lin
R. S. Alexandru D. P. Moore
L. D. Gerdes D. A. Nuta
A. Ghose M. S. Power
R. C. Guenzler J. W. Reed
A. K. Gupta A. K. Singh
A. H. Hadjian R. J. Stuart
Q. A. Hossain C. V. Subramanian
J. J. Johnson Y. K. Tang
A. F. Kabir G. R. Thiers
N. C. Karanjia K. M. Vashi
vi
CONTENTS
PREFACE v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vi
Standard
1.0 GENERAL 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1.1 Purpose l
1.1.2 Scope l
1.1.2.1 Types of Structures Covered by This Standard 1
1.1.2.2 Foundation Material Stability 1
1.1.3 General Requirements 1
1.1.3.1 Use of Analysis Results 1
1.1.3.2 Alternative Methodologies 1
1.2 DEFINITIONS 1
1.3 NOTATION 2
2.0 SEISMIC INPUT 4
2.1 SEISMIC GROUND MOTIONS 4
2.1.1 General Requirements 4
2.2 RESPONSE SPECTRA 5
2.2.1 General Requirements 5
2.2.2 Site-Specific Horizontal Response Spectra 5
2.2.3 Site-Independent Horizontal Response Spectra 5
2.2.4 Vertical Response Spectra 6
2.3 TIME HISTORIES 6
2.4 POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY FUNCTIONS 8
2.4.1 PSD Computed from Time Histories 8
2.5 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STRUCTURES SENSITIVE TO LONG
PERIOD MOTIONS 8
2.5.1 Spectral Shape 9
2.5.2 Time Histories 9
3.0 ANALYSIS 9
3.1 MODELING OF STRUCTURES 9
3.1.1 General Requirements 9
3.1.1.1 Models for Horizontal and Vertical Motions 9
3.1.1.2 Multistep and One-Step Methods of Seismic Response Analysis 9
3.1.1.2.1 Models for multistep analysis 10
3.1.1.2.2 Models for one-step analysis 10
3.1.1.3 Discretization Considerations 10
3.1.1.3.1 Selection of finite element type 10
3.1.1.3.2 Selection of mesh size 10
3.1.1.3.3 Reduction of dynamic degrees of freedom 10
3.1.2 Structural Material Properties 10
3.1.2.1 Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio 10
3.1.2.1.1 Concrete 10
3.1.2.1.2 Steel 10
3.1.2.1.3 Aluminum 10
3.1.2.2 Damping 10
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