Security Supervision and Management: Theory and Practice of Asset Protection PDF
Preview Security Supervision and Management: Theory and Practice of Asset Protection
Security Supervision and Management Theory and Practice of Asset Protection Fourth Edition International Foundation for Protection Officers Edited by Sandi J. Davies Christopher A. Hertig Brion P. Gilbride AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA First edition 1995 Second edition 1999 Third edition 2008 Fourth edition 2015 Copyright © 1995, 1999, 2008, 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. ISBN: 978-0-12-800113-4 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at http://store.elsevier.com Dedication I fondly dedicate my contributions to this book to the loyal supporters of the International Foundation for Protection Officers (IFPO). For more then 25 years, the IFPO has been offering professional development opportunities to individuals in the security industry that has directly and favorably impacted their careers. To all of those who have contributed to the success of this Foundation and of course this project, I thank you! On a more personal note, I want to thank Douglas D. Schumann for his patience, under- standing, and support over the course of this project. He kept me laughing and smiling during this sometimes difficult and challenging journey! With all my love… —Sandi J. Davies First and foremost, I want to dedicate my contribution to this book to my wife and children. It was with their love and support that I was able to participate in this most worthwhile endeavor. Secondly, I want to thank my co-authors Sandi and Chris for granting me the honor and privilege of sitting at the table with them to develop the best edition yet! —Brion P. Gilbride, CPP, CSSM, CPO To the “forgotten soldiers” in my life: the women who supported my writing and teaching. My wife Carla, who started me writing and is forever by my side. My friend Jackie. My mother Betty and grandmother Violet, who taught me and gave me so many things. And Cynthia, who helped when it was needed. And to those I taught and helped along the way. They gave me back more than they will ever know. —Christopher A. Hertig, CPP, CPOI List of Authors and Contributors Authors Robert A. Metscher, MBA, CPP, CISSP, CFE Matthew J. Millsaps, BS, P-C, CPO Fern Abbott Ronald R. Minion, CPP, CPOI, CPO Brian D. Baker, MA, CPP, PCI, CPOI Eloy L. Nunez, Ph.D Daniel R. Baker Patricia A. O’Donoghue Tucker Beecher H.D.G.T. Oey Inge Sebyan Black, BA, CPP, CFE, CPOI Kevin E. Palacios, M.Sc., CPP, PSP, CPOI John T. Brobst Jr., CSSM, CPO Marianna Perry, MS, CPP Paul A. Caron, BS Kevin E. Peterson, CPP, CPOI, CIPM II Jeffrey L. Colorossi, M.Sc, CISM, CISSP, CHFI David L. Ray, BA, LL.B Tom M. Conley, MA, CPP, CPOI, CPO Andrew R. Reitnauer, MSFE, CLPE, CSCSA, CPO Dr. Gerald D. Curry Randy W. Rowett, CSSM, CPO Dr. Michael Dannecker, MPA, CSSM, CPO Jeffrey A. Slotnick, CPP, PSP Whitney DeCamp, Ph.D. Larry Steele, MA, MA-TH, CPO James A. DeMeo, MS Matt Stiehm, Ph.D. Bruce W. Dobbins, CPP, CPOI Charles T. Thibodeau, M.Ed., CPP, CSSM, CPOI Dr. Ona Ekhomu, CFE, CPP Franklin R. Timmons, CPP, CPOI Erik D. Erikson, CPO, CPOI Ann Y. Trinca, Esq., CPP, CSSM, CPOI Lawrence J. Fennelly, CPOI, CSSM, HLS-III Ernest G. Vendrell, Ph.D., CEM, CPP, CPO Eric L. Garwood, CPP, CPO, CSS Mavis Vet, CSSM, CPO Brion P. Gilbride, CPP, CSSM, CPO Ted Wade, MA Col. K.C. Goswami, CPOI Scott A. Watson, MCJ, M.Ed., CPP, CFE David N. Halcovitch, BA, CAS, CPOI Eric Webb Kevin Herskovitz, MS Christopher A. Hertig, CPP, CPOI Contributors Christopher Innace, CPO Eric Stauffer, CPO Glen Kitteringham, MS, CPP, CSSM, CPO James Drymiller, CPP Dr. Bryan Kling, CPO Alice Grime James J. Leflar Jr., MA, CPP, CBCP, MBCI David Foldi, CPP, CPOI Gary Lyons, BA, CPO, CSSM, CPP Author and contributor profiles can be found on the IFPO website: www.ifpo.org xiii Foreword Marianna Perry and Lawrence J. Fennelly Times have changed! The baby boomers are retiring. The face of security is changing. Research is being done to advance the security profession to provide the highest level of protection while at the same time increasing the bottom-line profitability of the organization. College courses are changing—going forward, the combination of business as a major field of study, and security or information technology as a minor, will be the new norm. This change is being implemented to prepare security professionals to properly protect corporate assets. The new “buzz words” from 2015 to 2020 will be: 1. W hat kind of skill set does the candidate/officer have? 2. W hat certifications and specialization does the candidate/officer have? 3. B oth physical and informational security will be merging with the move toward certifications. 4. C areer pathways will be used by way of internships. 5. Y our certification will be the bar for testing qualifications. 6. E ducation for a career in security is being redesigned. Are you ready? Plan for the future now! This is, in our opinion, a one-of-a-kind text that has been specifically written and offered to readers: the supervisor or manager, as well as the aspiring protection officer or university student. There is no substitute for experience, but this goes a long way in preparing the read- ers (participants) for their journey on the management career path and certifications. When we were both supervisors, there was no text and very little additional training provided for supervisors. We salute all of the many contributors who assisted in putting the text together and sharing their expertise to make the path easier to attain supervisory skills and abilities. Dur- ing the past 5 years, a lot has changed both nationally and internationally. Homeland security has developed and terrorism remains an ever evolving threat. Organized retail crime, identity theft/information loss, and natural disasters also continue to be major concerns of protec- tion professionals. The top 10 crime threat problems according to a Securitas 2012 survey of Fortune 1000 companies are: cyber/communications security, workplace violence prevention, business continuity, employee selection/screening, property crime (e.g., external theft, vandal- ism), general employee theft, crisis management and response, unethical business conduct, litigation for inadequate security, and identity theft. Consequently, the education and training provided must meet these threats. Supervi- sors and managers must be well versed in these topics and must inspire their subordinates to acquire more education, training, and experience. They must continually emphasize profes- sional growth and development of the individual officer, agent, or investigator. Organizational development occurs when substantial numbers of the protection organization have under- gone professional development experiences. xv xvi FOREWORD Programs offered by the International Foundation for Protection Officers and others are examples of professional growth experiences. Individual employers and colleges may create their own. Regardless of origin, the supervisor is the conduit for professional growth. He or she must embrace opportunities for professional and organizational development. He or she must lead by example. What Is a Supervisor? What does it mean to be a supervisor? First, supervisors may be called on to handle numerous conflicts. Second, they will be required to meet management’s or their client’s expectations in the daily routine of operational activities. The supervisor is the backbone of the organization. His or her scope of responsibility is rather unique: • The person who represents higher authority. • The person who assesses situations and conditions to make on-the-spot judgments without favor, prejudice, or fear. • The person who is a responder to any and all situations. • The person who must galvanize the efforts of many to attain stated goals. • The person who must assign tasks and ensure compliance and constant quality performance. • The person who is accountable and, therefore, first in line to shoulder reaction, both good and bad. • Finally, the person who must make a decision for management based on his or her professional development. The supervisor is the backbone of the organization. His or her scope of responsibility is rather unique. What Is a Manager? New Supervisors/Managers The most demanding problem for the supervisors within a protection department will be the transition from the position of security officer to that of supervisor. The supervisor’s role should be to assist in enabling the manager to provide a level of support within the organization. Supervisors must take responsibility for corporate regulations, moral and ethical tone, as well as providing the required level of security and customer service required. • A manager designs and develops security, safety, and investigative programs. • Managers work with budgets and other resources (equipment, uniforms, technology, software, etc.) to ensure that the protective mission is achieved. • Managers oversee processes (procedures) that accomplish organizational goals and objectives. • Staff functions without a supervisory span of control over line employees may be performed by managers. Training, technical support, auditing, etc. are staff functions. • A manager coordinates activities rather than supervises them. • Turnover and job rotation can create overall improvement and a challenge. • The manager should stay current on industry events by reviewing news sources, trade publications, and web sources, such as the IFPO Article Archives, among others. FOREWORD xvii As the job changes, so must the training and the level of skills within the department increase. Professionals develop a “discipline of training” and continuously seek to improve their knowledge and abilities. Similarly, new managers have some adjusting to do. We feel it is important to advise read- ers that as a new manager, one has to learn how to develop and exercise (not abuse) their newly acquired authority, power and influence effectively. This can be done by establishing one’s credibility—the earning of subordinate’s commitment and support. Management is an art as well as a science; it is, perhaps, more art than science. New man- agers are at the crossroads, looking to make the right turns. Consider the following: A new man- ager is the person in charge. His or her elevation to the status of manager through promotion has given him or her the authority. • A new manager is a person with a level of power and is a decision maker. • Security managers also need to stay current with trends and issues such as cybercrime, terrorism trends, emergency management and fire safty issues. • A new manager is knowledgeable in his or her field. • A new manager uses his or her developed skills, ideas, education, and experience. • A new manager supervises his or her subordinates and passes information down the line as well as up the chain of command. • A new manager has the responsibility to be aware of employer policy as well as client requirements and the level of security required within the organization. • As one develops on-the-job experience as a new manager, he or she starts to understandand accept the new responsibilities as well as what it means to be a manager. Those who have been promoted to the rank of supervisor or manager should: • Learn how to supervise and adjust to the new role. • Develop leadership skills. • Develop interpersonal skills. • Develop knowledge of who they are. Know thyself. • Learn how to cope and deal with stress and emotion associated with management concerns. As one progresses in his or her career, these learning points become ingrained. They become second nature. They become part of oneself. Conclusion Supervisors and managers will be called on to make decisions every day; some will be easy, whereas others quite difficult. Every decision cannot have been made properly without a foun- dation of education, training, and experience, supported by “street smarts.” Decision-making ability may be introduced in a classroom or from a book; it is perfected through experience. Being on the front line and being prepared and willing to make the tough decisions is what being an effective security supervisor and manager is all about. Acknowledgments Compiling a book of this nature requires a tremendous amount of teamwork. The profession- als who contributed their time, effort, and commitment to this text deserve heartfelt thanks. The International Foundation for Protection Officers is very fortunate to have a network of dedicated professionals who make projects like this possible. Alice Grime, David Foldi, and Chuck Thibodeau deserve special mention for both “steering the ship” and making sure that it remained “seaworthy.” The contributions made by these dedicated team members provide the framework of a significant undertaking that brings positive recognition to the private/public security sector. It will help those who implement and manage security to find the tools to work with, and it will help those who need protection better understand the horrendous challenges involved in keeping an organization and its people safe and secure. Special thanks to Christopher A. Hertig, CPP, CPOI, and Brion P. Gilbride, CPP, CSSM, CPO. Without their energy, direction, and dedication to the team goals, we could not have developed this purposeful reference text that will serve so many. Space precludes us from individually recognizing all contributing authors, so we draw your attention to the outstanding credentials of each of the 50-plus writers. These credentials, as well as additional information and resources, can be found at www.ifpo.com. Finally, we salute the International Foundation for Protection Officers, whose unselfish commitment to professionalism is evident in these notable contributions. xix Introduction Sandi J. Davies, Christopher A. Hertig, and Brion P. Gilbride Sandi J. Davies, Co-editor Sandi began her career in contract security in 1980 with a primary focus on personnel admin- istration. She became deeply involved in training and was instrumental in developing security officer training programs for a major national guard company. Her interest in security training grew, and in 1988 she joined the newly formed International Foundation for Protection Officers (IFPO) as an administrative assistant. In 1991, she was named executive director of the IFPO and has been a driving force in Foundation program development worldwide and administra- tion ever since. Sandi is a long-time member of ASIS International, having served in various executive positions at the chapter level. Sandi is also a member and former chair of the ASIS International Security Services Council and a member of the Women in Security Council. Christopher A. Hertig, CPP, CPOI, Co-editor Chris began his career in 1975 as a part-time student aide in the Security Department during his junior year in college. He has worked as a security officer and supervisor in various settings. He also did some investigative work and was a park police officer. In 1980, he became a Nuclear Security Training Administrator, where he developed instructional materials and taught secu- rity personnel. In late 1982, he met a young woman named Carla who inspired him to con- tinue his graduate education and write for publication. He subsequently began writing and has published hundreds of articles, reviews, chapters, and books. In 1984, he married Carla, completed his master’s degree, and joined the Behavioral Sciences Department at York College of Pennsylvania. Chris has been active on the ASIS Inter- national Academic Programs Council. He is a member of the Board of Directors for the IFPO and has worked with the National Partnership for Careers in Law, Public Safety, Corrections, and Security. He has held instructor credentials in a number of subjects and is both a Certified Protection Professional (CPP) and Certified Protection Officer Instructor (CPOI). Brion P. Gilbride, CPP, CSSM, CPO, Co-editor Brion began his career in 1996 as a part-time campus security officer. He worked as a security officer and first-line supervisor in campus security and industrial security, earning his Certified Protection Officer (CPO) and Certified in Security Supervision and Management (CSSM) cre- dentials. Brion began his law enforcement career in 2001 as an Inspector with the US Customs Service (now US Customs & Border Protection). He served as a Customs and Border Protection Officer in the land, air, and sea environments prior to promotion to Supervisory Customs & Border Protection Officer in 2007. From there, he transitioned into program management in 2009 at the regional level and in 2011 at the national (headquarters) level, specializing in insider xxi
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