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Second Language Acquisition as a Mode-Switching Process: An Empirical Analysis of Korean Learners of English PDF

155 Pages·2018·1.83 MB·English
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SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AS A MODE-SWITCHING PROCESS An Empirical Analysis of Korean Learners of English Sooho Song Second Language Acquisition as a Mode-Switching Process Sooho Song Second Language Acquisition as a Mode-Switching Process An Empirical Analysis of Korean Learners of English Sooho Song Foreign Languages and Literature University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI, USA ISBN 978-1-137-52435-5 ISBN 978-1-137-52436-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-52436-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017948272 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 The Author(s) have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this volume in accordance with the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: © nemesis2207/Fotolia.co.uk Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Pivot imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. The registered company address is: The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, United Kingdom To my family Min Heo, Jieun Heo, and Uk Heo P reface Globalization has brought about many changes in our lives. Thanks to the advancement in communication technology, international and inter- cultural communication is common nowadays. Developed transportation mechanism allows people to travel or migrate much more easily than ever before. In addition, with the increased trade amount and foreign direct investment, economic transactions have significantly expanded, requiring many people to obtain foreign language communication ability. Learning a second language is necessary today. Students in linguistics have studied second language acquisition for decades. Earlier studies focused on errors that second language learn- ers make in the learning process. By investigating why second language learners make errors, scholars attempted to learn about second language acquisition process. Scholars also paid attention to native language influ- ence. Since the dominant language rules of second language learners is the grammar of their native language, native language influence has been extensively studied for years. Yet, learning a foreign language has more meanings than simply get- ting more familiar with the rules of another language. Second language learning allows the learner to obtain a means of communicating with people in another country that has a different culture. Accordingly, com- municating with someone in a foreign language requires more than the knowledge of the rules and the sound system of the language because language usage by nature contains cultural values. Without the knowl- edge of the native culture, the shared meanings and values contained in vii viii PrEFACE the language may not be delivered in the ways native speakers do. Thus, learning a foreign language includes studying the native speaker’s culture to gain a better understanding of the society in addition to the grammar and rules of the language. Every society has its own cultural, ethnocentric, linguistic norms that describe the implicit agreement of the society that certain types of lan- guage should be used in certain situations. Within the given ethnic/ cultural community, efficient use of language is based on cultural pre- suppositions about the appropriate language behavior for particu- lar situations. Language users in a given society also need to satisfy the expectations people have in regards to effective structuring of informa- tion in their oral or written discourses. Accordingly, in the cross-cultural communication, it is necessary to understand the cultural expecta- tions on appropriate pragmatic norms along with rhetorical patterns of linguistic behaviors. To this end, I explored second language learning from a mode-switch- ing perspective. Instead of focusing on one aspect of second language acquisition, I attempted to provide a big picture of the second language acquisition process in this book. Language connects people, develops social relationships, and allows them to participate in a variety of activities in eve- ryday life. Language is not simply a tool of social conduct; it is an effec- tive means by which human beings formulate models of conduct. Thus, we need to understand the whole aspect of second language learning. Milwaukee, USA Sooho Song c ontents 1 Introduction 1 2 Second Language Acquisition Theories 9 3 Functional Approaches in Second Language Learning and Linguistic Cognition 37 4 Sociolinguistic Patterns 53 5 Second Language Learning as Mode-Switching 75 6 Comparision of English Language Mode and Korean Language Mode 101 7 Empirical Analysis 111 8 Conclusion 131 References 139 Index 149 ix L f & t ist of igures abLes Fig. 5.1 revised hierarchical model 93 Table 5.1 Pragmatic mode and syntactic mode of expression 78 Table 6.1 Formulaic and strategic speech mode 108 Table 7.1 Syntactic modes of head act compliment on appearance 115 Table 7.2 Syntactic modes of head act compliment on cooking 116 Table 7.3 Syntactic mode of head act compliment on accomplishment 117 Table 7.4 Usage of adjectives in head act compliments 120 Table 7.5 Supportive moves semantic modes 122 Table 7.6 Supportive moves per power difference 125 xi CHAPTEr 1 Introduction Abstract Song describes the issues involved in second language acquisition and set the stage for understanding second language learning in terms of socio-cognitive contexts. In learning a language, people adopt a particu- lar framework for communication. In second language acquisition, change of framework is required to reflect the target language’s culture and social values, which is called mode switching. Song introduces a new approach, second language acquisition as a mode-switching process. Keywords Language learning · Second language acquisition · Mode switching In the era of globalization, learning another foreign language in addi- tion to their native language is necessary for many people because of increased intercultural interactions. As a result, bilingualism or plurilin- gualism is more predominant than monolingualism (Grosjean 2008). Second language or foreign acquisition is a complex learning process affected by many linguistic, social, psycholinguistic, and intercultural fac- tors. It involves obtaining the knowledge of speaking norms and cultural values in addition to the target language’s grammar and rules because effective cross-cultural communication requires a pragmatic and socio- contextual understanding of the language as well as linguistic knowledge. In other words, second language acquisition means learning how to manage multidimensional aspects of a new language. © The Author(s) 2018 1 S. Song, Second Language Acquisition as a Mode-Switching Process, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-52436-2_1

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This book analyses processes of mode-switching in second language acquisition as they relate to Korean learners of English. In this empirical study, the author examines how native language influences and shapes usage of second language, particularly when the two are so dramatically different both in
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