SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING Innovations in Agricultural and Biological Engineering SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell Crescent 9 Spinnaker Way Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Canada Waretown, NJ 08758 USA © 2018 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-659-8 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-203-71143-9 (eBook) All rights reserved. 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Series: Innovations in agricultural and biological engineering TA164.G69 2018 660.603 C2017-906054-6 C2017-906055-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Goyal, Megh Raj, author. Title: Scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering / Megh R. Goyal. Description: Oakville, ON ; Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017042649 (print) | LCCN 2017044614 (ebook) | ISBN 9781498709385 (ebook) | ISBN 9781771886598 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780203711439 (eBook) Subjects: | MESH: Bioengineering | Terminology Classification: LCC R857.B54 (ebook) | LCC R857.B54 (print) | NLM QT 15 | DDC 610.28/4--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017042649 Apple Academic Press also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic format. For information about Apple Academic Press products, visit our website at www.appleacademicpress.com and the CRC Press website at www.crcpress.com CONTENTS About the Senior Editor-in-Chief ...................................................................vii List of Abbreviations .......................................................................................ix Preface ............................................................................................................xi Foreword 1 by Jesú s M. Román Vélez, MD ...................................................xv Foreword 2 by Taranjit Singh, MD, DHMS .................................................xvii Book Reviews ................................................................................................xix Other Books from Apple Academic Press......................................................xxi Editorial ......................................................................................................xxiii 1. Bioengineering and Biological Engineering .................................................1 2. Timeline of Bioengineering and Biological Engineering ..........................55 3. Glossary of Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering........................................................................111 Index .............................................................................................................563 ABOUT THE SENIOR EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE, is, at present, a Retired Professor in Agricultural and Biomedical Engineering from the General Engineering Department in the College of Engineering at the University of Puerto Rico–Mayaguez Campus; and Senior Acquisitions Editor and Senior Technical Editor-in-Chief in Agricultural and Biomedical Engineering for Apple Academic Press, Inc. He received his BSc degree in Engineering in 1971 from Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India; his MSc degree in 1977 and PhD degree in 1979 from the Ohio State University, Columbus; his Master of Divinity degree in 2001 from Puerto Rico Evangelical Seminary, Hato Rey, Puerto Rico, USA. Since 1971, he has worked as Soil Conservation Inspector (1971); Research Assistant at Haryana Agricultural University (1972–1975) and the Ohio State University (1975–1979); Research Agricultural Engineer/ Professor at Department of Agricultural Engineering of UPRM (1979– 1997); and Professor in Agricultural and Biomedical Engineering at General Engineering Department of UPRM (1997–2012). He spent one-year sab- batical leave in 2002–2003 at Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, Miami, USA. He was first agricultural engineer to receive the professional license in Agricultural Engineering in 1986 from College of Engineers and Surveyors of Puerto Rico. On September 16, 2005, he was proclaimed the “Father of Irrigation Engineering in Puerto Rico for the Twentieth Century” by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, Puerto Rico Section, for his pioneering work on micro irrigation, evapotranspiration, agroclimatology, and soil and water engineering. During his professional viii About the Senior Editor-in-Chief career of 45 years, he has received awards such as: Scientist of the Year, Blue Ribbon Extension Award, Research Paper Award, Nolan Mitchell Young Extension Worker Award, Agricultural Engineer of the Year, Citations by Mayors of Juana Diaz and Ponce, Membership Grand Prize for ASAE Campaign, Felix Castro Rodriguez Academic Excellence, RashtryaRatan Award and Bharat Excellence Award and Gold Medal, Domingo Marrero Navarro Prize, Adopted son of Moca, Irrigation Protagonist of UPRM, Man of Drip Irrigation by Mayor of Municipalities of Mayaguez/Caguas/Ponce and Senate/Secretary of Agriculture of ELA, Puerto Rico. The Water Technology Centre of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University in Coimbatore, India recognized Dr. Goyal as one of the experts “who ren- dered meritorious service for the development of the micro irrigation sec- tor in India” by bestowing “Award of Outstanding Contribution in Micro Irrigation.” This award was presented to Dr. Goyal during the inaugu- ral session of the National Congress on “New Challenges and Advances in Sustainable Micro Irrigation on March 1, 2017, held at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. He has authored more than 200 journal articles and textbooks and edited over 50 books including: “Elements of Agroclimatology (Spanish) by UNISARC, Colombia”; two “Bibliographies on Drip Irrigation.” Apple Academic Press Inc. (AAP) has published his books, namely: “Management of Drip/Trickle or Micro Irrigation,” and “Evapotranspiration: Principles and Applications for Water Management,” 10-volume set on “Research Advances in Sustainable Micro Irrigation.” Readers may contact him at: [email protected]. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACC American College of Cardiology AIMBE American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering ANNA American Nephrology Nurses Association ASABE American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASAIO American Society for Artificial Internal Organs ASAO Austrian Society for Artificial Organs ASB American Society of Biomechanics BMES Biomedical Engineering Society BSN British Society for Nanomedicine CHF congestive heart failure CPB cardiopulmonary bypass EAMBES The European Alliance for Medical and Biological Engineering and Science EAPB European Association of Pharma Biotechnology EBSA The European Biophysical Societies’ Association ECG Electrocardiogram EDTA European Dialysis and Transplantation Association EFB The European Federation of Biotechnology EMBS Engineering in Medicine and Biology ESAO the European Society for Artificial Organs ESB European Society of Biomechanics ESBRA The European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism ESC European Society of Cardiology ESEM European Society for Engineering and Medicine FDA Food and Drug Administration, USA HSTAT Health Services Technology Assessment Texts IFAO International Federation for Artificial Organs (formerly ISAO) IMES International Metabolic Engineering Society ISABB International Society for Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes and Biotechnology ISAO International Society for Artificial Organs