Science with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array: A New Era for Astrophysics

338 Pages·2008·12.25 MB·English

by  Rafael Bachiller

•
Rafael Bachiller José Cernicharo
Editors
Astrophysics and Space Science
Science with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array:
A New Era for Astrophysics
Proceedings of the Conference held in Madrid (Spain), 13–17 November 2006
Reprinted from Astrophysics and Space Science
Volume 313, Nos. 1–3, 2008
RafaelBachiller JoséCernicharo
ObservatorioAstronomicoNacional CSICMadrid
AlfonsoXII,3 Inst.EstructuradelaMateria
E-28014Madrid Serrano,199
Spain 28006Madrid
Spain
(cid:2)Backgroundimage:Artists’impressionofALMA(AtacamaLargeMillimeter/submillimeterArray),Chajnantorplateau,NorthernChile.Credit:Euro-
peanOrganisationforAstronomicalResearchintheSouthernHemisphere(ESO),producedforALMA.
(cid:2)ThephotosoftheEditors.
(cid:2)The5astronomicalimages:
(cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:2)Imagesofdustycircumstellardisks:
Up:ThelargedustdisksurroundingBetaPictorisobservedwithacoronographat0.8micronwiththeUniversityofHawaii2.2mtelescopeonMauna
Kea.PaulKalas,UCBerkeley.
Middle:EpsilonEridaniobservedat850µmwavelengthwiththeSubmillimetreCommon-UserBolometerArrayattheJamesClerkMaxwellTelescope.
Greavesetal.1998,TheAstrophysicalJournal506,L133.
Down:ThediskaroundHD141569observedwiththeHubbleSpaceTelescope.Mouilletetal.2001,Astronomy&Astrophysics372,L61.
(cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:2)ThespiralgalaxyM51.
Up: Radio image of M51 showing the location of Carbon Monoxide gas observed by Schinenerer, Weiss, Scoville, and Aalto. (Credit: Institute for
Millimeter-waveRadioastronomy,IRAM,OwensValleyRadioObservatoryOVRO,andNationalRadioAstronomyObservatory,NRAO.)
Down:M51asseenwiththeHubbleSpaceTelescope.(Credit:SpaceTelescopeScienceInstitute.)
AstronomySubjectsClassification(2007):SCP22006Astronomy,AstrophysicsandCosmology;SCP22014Astronomy;SCP22022Astrophysics
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2007943079
ISBN:978-1-4020-6934-5 e-ISBN:978-1-4020-6935-2
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Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
OrganizingCommittees
ParticipantsList
ListofPosterPapers
Part1.Theproject
M.Tarenghi/TheAtacamaLargeMillimeter/SubmillimeterArray:overview&status 1–7
A.Wootten/ALMAcapabilitiesforobservationsofspectrallineemission 9–12
T.L.Wilson/ALMAcapabilitiesforobservationsofcontinuumemission 13–14
Part2.StarFormation
E.F.vanDishoeckandJ.K.Jørgensen/Starandplanet-formationwithALMA:anoverview 15–22
R.Cesaroni/High-massstarformingregions:AnALMAview 23–28
P.André,P.HennebelleandN.Peretto/Earlystagesofstarformation 29–34
Y.Aikawa/Chemistryinlow-massstarformingregions 35–40
D.S.Shepherd/MolecularoutflowsobservedwithALMA 41–44
M. Guélin, N. Brouillet, J. Cernicharo, F. Combes and A. Wooten / Unveiling the chemistry of hot
protostellarcoreswithALMA 45–51
C.L. Brogan, T.R. Hunter, R. Indebetouw, C.J. Chandler, Y.L. Shirley, R. Rao and A.P. Sarma / High
resolutionsubmillimeterobservationsofmassiveprotostars 53–57
C. Comito, P. Schilke, U. Endesfelder, I. Jiménez-Serra and J. Martín-Pintado / High-resolution mm
interferometryandthesearchformassiveprotostellardisks:thecaseofCep-AHW2 59–63
B. Matthews, E. Bergin, A. Crapsi, M. Hogerheijde, J. Jørgensen, D. Marrone and R. Rao / The Class 0
sourceBarnard1c 65–68
F.Wyrowski,P.Bergman,K.Menten,J.Ott,P.SchilkeandS.Thorwirth/APEXandATCAobservations
ofthesouthernhotcoreG327.3-0.6anditsenvirons 69–72
B.Parise,A.Belloche,S.LeuriniandP.Schilke/ThephysicalconditionsintheBHR71outflows 73–76
D.C.Lis,M.Gerin,E.Roueff,T.G.PhillipsandD.R.Poelman/Interstellardeuteroammonia 77–80
L.Bronfman/MassivestarformationinthesouthernMilkyWay 81–85
J.M. Girart, R. Rao and D.P. Marrone / SMA observations of the magnetic fields around a low-mass
protostellarsystem 87–90
T.Hasegawa,T.Arai,N.Yamaguchi,F.Sato,theASTEteamandtheASTEteam/ASTEobservationsof
themassive-starformingregionSgrB2:agiantimpactscenario 91–94
Part3.Proto-Planetsandsubstellarobjects
S.GuilloteauandA.Dutrey/Anewviewofproto-planetarydiskswithALMA 95–100
N.Ohashi/Observationalsignatureofplanetformation:TheALMAview 101–107
S.Wolf/DetectingprotoplanetswithALMA 109–112
A.NattaandL.Testi/ThestudyofyoungsubstellarobjectswithALMA 113–117
S.M.AndrewsandJ.P.Williams/Asubmillimeterviewofprotoplanetarydustdisks 119–122
Part4.MolecularClouds
M.Tafalla/StudiesofdensecoreswithALMA 123–128
E.Herbst/ChemistryintheISM:theALMA(r)evolution 129–134
A. Fuente / High angular resolution imaging of the circumstellar material around intermediate mass (IM)
stars 135–139
R.M.Crutcher/Polarizationmeasurementsofmolecularlines 141–144
A.Kawamura/MolecularcloudsandstarformationintheMagellanicCloudsandtheMilkyWay 145–151
N.Sakai,T.SakaiandS.Yamamoto/Complexorganicmoleculesinanearlystageofprotostellarevolution 153–157
I.Jiménez-Serra,J.Martín-Pintado,A.Rodríguez-Franco,P.Caselli,S.VitiandT.Hartquist/Revealingthe
“fingerprints”ofthemagneticprecursorofC-shocks 159–163
S. Takahashi, M. Saito, S. Takakuwa and R. Kawabe / A new evolutionary scenario of intermediate-mass
star-formationrevealedbymulti-wavelengthobservationsofOMC-2/3 165–168
S. Takakuwa, D. Iono, B. Vila-Vilaro, T. Sekiguchi and R. Kawabe / Scientific role of ACA for low-mass
star-formationstudy 169–173
Part5.SolarSystem
E.Lellouch/PlanetaryatmosphereswithALMA 175–181
D.Bockelée-Morvan/CometarysciencewithALMA 183–189
A.J.Lovell/ObservationsofasteroidswithALMA 191–196
M.A.Loukitcheva,S.K.SolankiandS.White/ALMAastheidealprobeofthesolarchromosphere 197–200
Part6.EvolvedStars
H.Olofsson/ThestudyofevolvedstarswithALMA 201–207
V.Bujarrabal/Molecularlinesfromprotoplanetarynebulae:observationswithALMA 209–214
P.J.Huggins/PlanetarynebulaeandALMA 215–221
T.J.Millar/Chemistryinthecircumstellarmedium 223–227
M.Agúndez,J.Cernicharo,J.R.Pardo,J.P.FonfríaExpósito,M.Guélin,E.D.Tenenbaum,L.M.Ziurysand
A.J. Apponi / Understanding the chemical complexity in Circumstellar Envelopes of C-Rich AGB
stars:thecaseofIRC+10216 229–233
J.Alcolea,V.BujarrabalandR.Neri/NewPlateaudeBureobservationsofM1–92;unveilingthecore 235–239
R. Sahai, K. Young, N. Patel, C. Sánchez Contreras and M. Morris / A massive, dusty toroid with large
grainsinthepre-planetarynebulaIRAS22036+5306 241–244
Part7.Galaxies
K.Sakamoto/Gasdynamicsandstructureofgalaxies 245–251
M.S.Yun/InvestigationsofstarformationingalaxiesusingALMA 253–259
S.García-Burillo,F.Combes,J.Graciá-Carpio,A.UseroandM.Guélin/Probingthefeedingandfeedback
ofactivitynearandfar 261–265
J.L.TurnerandD.S.Meier/Chemicalcomplexityingalaxies 267–272
S.Aalto/ChemistryinluminousAGNandstarburstgalaxies 273–278
K.Kohno,K.Nakanishi,T.Tosaki,K.Muraoka,R.Miura,H.EzawaandR.Kawabe/Densegasinnormal
andactivegalaxies 279–285
N.Scoville/Spectroscopicsurveysofcosmicevolution 287–291
N. Kuno, A. Hirota, T. Tosaki and R. Miura / Observations of molecular clouds in nearby galaxies with
ALMA 293–296
C.D.Wilson,G.R.Petitpas,D.Iono,A.Peck,M.Krips,B.E.Warren,A.J.Baker,M.S.Yun,Y.Pihlstrom,
C.Mihos,S.Matsushita,M.Juvela,P.T.P.Ho,T.J.CoxandL.Armus/Luminousinfraredgalaxies
withthesubmillimeterarray:probingtheextremesofstarformation 297–302
S. Martín, M.A. Requena-Torres, J. Martín-Pintado and R. Mauersberger / The Galactic Center as nearby
extragalacticchemicallaboratory 303–306
Part8.Highredshiftgalaxies.Cosmology
C.L.Carilli,F.Walter,R.Wang,A.Wootten,K.Menten,F.Bertoldi,E.Schinnerer,P.Cox,A.Beelenand
A.Omont/StudyingthefirstgalaxieswithALMA 307–311
F.WalterandC.Carilli/Detectingthemostdistant(z>7)objectswithALMA 313–316
W.-H. Wang, L.L. Cowie and A.J. Barger / Redshift distribution of the submillimeter extragalactic
backgroundlight 317–320
F.Combes/Molecularabsorptionsinhigh-zobjects 321–326
S.VitiandC.J.Lintott/Molecularsignatureofstarformationathighredshifts 327–330
J.Graciá-Carpio,S.García-BurilloandP.Planesas/DensemoleculargasinasampleofLIRGsandULIRGs:
Thelow-redshiftconnectiontothehugehigh-redshiftstarburstsandAGNs 331–335
Preface
CurrentlyunderconstructionintheAndeanAltiplano,NorthernChile,theAtacamaLarge
Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is an international astronomy facility, a radio
interferometercomposedof54antennasof12mdiameter,andtwelve7mantennaswith
about 6600 m2 of total collecting area. Initially covering the most interesting spectral
wavelength ranges from 3 to 0.3 mm, ALMA will be a revolutionary telescope providing
astronomy withthefirst detailedviewofthedarkandyoungest objectsof theUniverse.
ALMA is a partnership of Europe, Japan and North America in cooperation with the
Republic of Chile. ALMA is funded in Europe by the European Organisation for As-
tronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, in Japan by the National Institutes of
NaturalSciences(NINS)incooperationwiththeAcademiaSinicainTaiwanandinNorth
AmericabytheU.S.NationalScienceFoundation(NSF)incooperationwiththeNational
ResearchCouncilofCanada(NRC).ALMAconstructionandoperationsareledonbehalf
ofEuropebyESO,onbehalfofJapanbytheNationalAstronomicalObservatoryofJapan
(NAOJ) and on behalf of North America by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory
(NRAO),whichismanagedbyAssociatedUniversities,Inc.(AUI).
The scientific preparations for ALMA are being extremely active since the birth of the
project.Thevarioussciencecommittees,groupsofastronomersworkingforALMA,and
regional communities interested in the project meet regularly to exchange ideas about
the scientific capabilities and first observations to be carried out with the interferometer.
A first world-wide conference on “Science with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array”
tookplaceinWashington,B.C. (USA),on 6-8October1999.
Theconference“SciencewithALMA:aneweraforAstrophysics”washeldinMadrid
(Spain), on 13-17 November 2006. This international ALMA conference was the sec-
ond world-wide meeting on ALMA science and it was envisioned as a way for the as-
tronomers interested on ALMA, not necessarily radioastronomers, to exchange views, to
plan preparatory observations in view of the scientific exploitation of the interferometer,
and to obtain the information needed to orient their scientific work to the best possible
use ofALMA.
More than 320 scientists from nearly 20 countries took part in the symposium. The
conference covered a wide range of topics, which indeed included the main scientific
drivers of ALMA: the formation and evolution of galaxies, the physics and chemistry of
theinterstellarmedium,andtheprocesses ofstarandplanetformation.
RafaelBachiller&Jose Cernicharo
Madrid, 1April2007
Acknowledgements
TheorganizersgratefullyacknowledgefinancialhelpfromtheSpanishMinisteriodeEd-
ucatión y Ciencia, Consejo Superiores de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ministerio
de Fomento (Institute Geográfico Nacional, IGN) and Comunidad de Madrid (Astrocam
network,PRICYT).
Thanks are also due to the European Southern Observatory (ESO), to the US National
Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), to the National Astronomical Observatory of
Japan (NAOJ) and to the European Community’s Sixth Framework Programme under
projectRadioNet(R113CT20035058187).
We are especially grateful to the staffs of Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (OAN,
IGN) and Departamento de Astrofísica Molecular e Infrarroja (DAMIR, IEM, CSIC),
very particularly to Maite Alonso Gallego and Elena López Sánchez for their efforts to
have a smooth, well-presented meeting and to Alicia Fernandez Clavero and Maria Rosa
de Armas for devoting much time and effort to have an excellent conference and to the
productionof thisbook.
Organizing Committees
Scientific Organizing Committee
J.Cernicharo(Chairman) (DAMIR,IEM,CSIC,Spain)
R.Bachiller(Vicechairman) (OAN,IGN,Spain)
C.Carilli (NRAO,USA)
P. Cox (IRAM, France)
M. Gurwell (CfA,USA)
R.Kawabe (NRO,Japan)
D.Mardones (Univ.Chile,Chile)
T.Onishi (NagoyaUniv.,Japan)
M. Tarenghi (ALMA,Chile)
L.Testi (ArcetriObs.,INA,Italy)
C.Wilson (McMaster Univ.,Canada)
T.Wilson (ALMA,Germany)
A.Wootten (NRAO,USA)
S. Yamamoto (TokyoUniv.,Japan)
Local Organizing Committee
J.Martín-Pintado(co-Chairman) (DAMIR,IEM,CSIC,Spain)
P. Planesas(co-Chairman) (OAN,IGN,Spain)
R.Bachiller (OAN,IGN,Spain)
J.Cernicharo (DAMIR,IEM,CSIC,Spain)
F. Colomer (OAN,IGN,Spain)
J.R. Pardo (DAMIR, IEM,CSIC, Spain)
P. deVicente (OAN,IGN,Spain)
M. Agúndez (DAMIR, IEM,CSIC, Spain)
J. Gracía (OAN,IGN,Spain)
I.Jiménez-Serra (DAMIR,IEM,CSIC,Spain)
Aalto,Susanne Andrews,Sean
OnsalaSpaceObservatory UniversityofHawaiiInstituteforAstronomy
ChalmersUniversityofTechnology 2680WoodlawnDrive
S-43992Onsala,Sweden 96822Honolulu,Hawaii,U.S.A.
[email protected] [email protected]
Adams,Mark Anglada,Guillem
NRAO IAA-CSIC
520EdgemontRoad,None InstitutodeAstrofísicadeAndalucía
22903Virginia,U.S.A. 18198Granada,Spain
[email protected] [email protected]
Agúndez,Marcelino Aravena,Manuel
DAMIR,IEM,CSIC MaxPlanckInstituteforRadioastronomy
C/Serrano121
AufdemHuegel69
28006Madrid,Spain
53121Bonn,Germany
[email protected]
[email protected]
Aikawa,Yuri
Arce,Hector
DepartmentofEarthandPlanetarySciences
AmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory
KobeUniversity
DepartmentofAstrophysics
1-1Rokko-dai-cho,Nada-ku,
CentralParkWestat79thStreet
657-8501Kobe,Japan
10024NewYork,U.S.A.
[email protected]
[email protected]
Alcolea,Javier
Audard,Marc
ObservatorioAstronómicoNacional
◦ ISDCGenevaObservatory
C/AlfonsoXIIN 3y5,
Ch.d’Ecogia16
E-28014Madrid,Spain
1290Geneva,Switzerland
[email protected]
[email protected]
Alonso,Tomás
Baan,Willem
ObservatorioAstronómicoNacional
ASTRON
AlfonsoXII,3
POBox4
E-28014Madrid,Spain
7990AADwingeloo,Netherlands
[email protected]
[email protected]
Amo-Baladrón,Ma Aránzazu
DAMIR,IEM,CSIC Bachiller,Rafael
C/Serrano121 ObservatorioAstronómicoNacional
28006Madrid,Spain c/AlfonsoXII,3
[email protected] 28014Madrid,Spain
[email protected]
Andre,Philippe
CEASaclay Bacmann,Aurore
Serviced’Astrophysique ObservatoiredeBordeaux
OrmedesMerisiers-Bat.709, BP89
F-91191Gif-sur-Yvette,France F-33270Floirac,France
[email protected] [email protected]
Andreani,Paola Basu,Kaustuv
EuropeanSouthernObservatory Max-Planck-InstituteforRadioAstronomy
Karl-Schwarzschildstrasse2 AufdemHuegel69
34131GarchingbeiMuenchen,Germany 53121Bonn,Germany
[email protected] [email protected]