Scents and Sensibilty: How Fishes and Amphibians Use Their PDF
Preview Scents and Sensibilty: How Fishes and Amphibians Use Their
SCENTS AND SENSIBILITY: HOW FISHES AND AMPHIBIANS USE THEIR SENSE OF SMELL TO AVOID BEING EATEN Reehan S Mirza Department of Biology and Chemistry Nipissing University North Bay, ON Aquatic animals use chemical information to forage, find mates, assess habitat, establish dominance hierarchies, recognize kin and assess predation risk Predation event (Lima and Dill, 1990) Encounter situation q 1-p-q p No encounter Predator detects Prey detects occurs Prey first Predator first a i 2 1-a Effective 1-i Predator 2 Avoidance Predator detects ignores i Prey (interaction) 1 1-i Predator 1 Attack on ignores Attack on Unaware Aware prey i prey 2 e 1 1- e 1- e 1 2 Escape Capture Escape e 3 1- e 3 Death (injury Escape after Or consumption) capture The Predation Event Encounter phase Disturbance cues and Predator odours Capture phase Injury-released cues Digestion phase Diet cues Echinoderms (e.g., sea urchins) Cnidarians e.g., Sea anemone Gastropods e.g., snails Aquatic Insects Frogs Toads Salamanders Live Bearers Salmonids Ostariophysans (Over 6000 species) Percids e.g., minnows, e.g., walleye, perches carps, suckers, catfishes Tropical goby Asterropteryx semipunctatus common coral reef damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis lemon damselfish (Pomacentrus moluccensis) What is a fright response? Decreased movement Decreased foraging Increased shelter use Increased group cohesion Area avoidance
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