SCEA Sun certified enterprise architect for Java EE study guide (exam 310-051)

654 Pages·2007·6.28 MB·English

by  Paul R Allen

SCEA Sun® Certified
Enterprise Architect for
Java EE Study Guide
™
(Exam 310-051)
Paul R. Allen
Joseph J. Bambara
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DOI: 10.1036/0071488618
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS
About the Authors
Paul R. Allen is a principal of UCNY, Inc., an international consulting firm that helps
Fortune 500 companies improve their operations through the use of web, database,
and object technology. He has been developing applications for more than 20 years.
He has been developing database applications for the last 18 years and using Weblogic,
WebSphere, and Java for web development for the past eight years. His industry
experience includes financial, brokerage, pharmaceutical, and manufacturing. He
specializes in transitioning clients to web-based, object-oriented database technology.
He has taught numerous courses in computing at the Columbia University of New
York. He has coauthored the following books: PowerBuilder: A Guide To Developing
Client/Server Applications (McGraw-Hill, 1995), Informix: Client /Server Application
Development (McGraw-Hill, 1997), Informix: Universal Data Option (McGraw-Hill,
1998), SQL Server 7 Developer’s Guide (IDG, 2000) and J2EE Unleashed (SAMS, 2002).
He has presented numerous courses and presentations on computing in several cities
and countries, including Berlin, Copenhagen, London, Los Angeles, Nashville, New
York, Orlando, Oslo, Paris, Stockholm, Vienna, and Washington, D.C. over the past
12 years. His e-mail address is [email protected].
Joseph J. Bambara is a principal of UCNY, Inc., an international consulting firm
that helps Fortune 500 companies improve operations through the use of database
and object technology. He has been developing application systems for more than
25 years, including relational database development for the last 20 years and Java
application server for web development for the past eight years. He is a Certified
Trainer and Developer. His industry experience includes financial, brokerage,
manufacturing, medical, and entertainment. Mr. Bambara has a Bachelor’s and
Master’s degree in Computer Science. He also holds a Juris Doctorate in Law and is
admitted to the New York Bar. He has taught various computer courses for CCNYs
School of Engineering. He has coauthored the following books: PowerBuilder: A
Guide To Developing Client/Server Applications (McGraw-Hill, 1995), Informix: Client
/Server Application Development (McGraw-Hill, 1997), Informix: Universal Server
(McGraw-Hill, 1998), Informix: Universal Data Option (McGraw-Hill, 1998), SQL
Server 7 Developer’s Guide (IDG, 2000) and J2EE Unleashed (SAMS, 2002). He
has presented numerous courses and presentations for Weblogic, WebSphere, and
Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. Click here for terms of use.
Sybase in several cities and countries, including Los Angeles, Vienna, Paris, Berlin,
Orlando, Nashville, New York, Copenhagen, Oslo, and Stockholm over the past ten
years. His e-mail address is [email protected].
About the Technical Editor
Thomas Garben is a principal of J-Class Solutions, Inc., a consulting firm that
provides enterprise application architecture services and resources. He has developed
applications for several different industries, ranging from Guided Missile Systems for
the U.S. Navy, to Financial Applications for many major banks and clearing houses on
Wall Street, to content distribution systems for major sports entertainment firms. He
has been developing applications since 1985 and has been immersing himself in Java
and J2EE technologies since their inception. He holds degrees in Physics, Math, and
Computer Engineering and a Master’s degree in Systems and Computer Engineering.
He is a coauthor of the book J2EE Unleashed (SAMS, 2002). His e-mail address is
[email protected].
Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. Click here for terms of use.
CONTENTS AT A GLANCE
1 Sun Certification for the Enterprise Architect ........................... 1
2 Common Architectures and Protocols ..................................... 21
3 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design ..................................... 81
4 Applicability of JEE Technology ........................................... 125
5 Design Patterns .............................................................. 203
6 Legacy Connectivity ......................................................... 297
7 Enterprise JavaBeans and the EJB Container Model ..................... 355
8 Messaging ..................................................................... 459
9 Internationalization and Localization ...................................... 505
10 Security ....................................................................... 531
11 Case Study: Overview of Securities Trading System ..................... 569
A About the CD ................................................................ 597
Glossary ....................................................................... 601
Index .......................................................................... 615
ix
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CONTENTS
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii
1 Sun Certification for the Enterprise Architect . . . . . . 1
Widespread Capabilities for Application Development . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Java Is the Glue That Binds the Application
Development Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Companies Increasingly Need the Internet to Compete . . . . . . . . . . 5
Challenges of Application Development for the Enterprise . . . . . . . . 6
Increasing Programmer Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
JEE Architecture Must Respond to Consumer Demand . . . . 7
The Architect Must Be Able to Integrate JEE
and Legacy Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
The JEE Standard Promotes Competition and Choices . . . . 8
Design Goals of JEE Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
JEE Architects Should Strive for Service Availability . . . . . 9
JEE Architecture and Connectivity to Existing Data . . . . . . 10
Expanded User Definition: Customers, Employees,
and Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Flexible User Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Flexible Business Component Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Sun Certified Enterprise Architect Distinguishes the
JAVA Professional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
General SCEA Test Preparation Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2 Common Architectures and Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Types of Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Reference Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Flexible Reference Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
xi
xii SCEA Sun Certified Enterprise Architect for Java EE Study Guide
Architectural Design and Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Where Architecture Fits in Analysis, Design,
and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Architectural Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Abstraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Surface Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Brittleness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Capabilities, Friction, and Layering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Principles of Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Layering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Tiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Capabilities of an Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Creating an Architecture Using Distributed Services and JEE . . . . . . 47
Enterprise JavaBeans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Distributed Application Life cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Iterative Development/MVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Simplified Architecture and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Component-Based Application Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
JEE APIs and Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
JEE Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
JEE Reference Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Sun BluePrint Design Guidelines for JEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
XML and JEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Why Use XML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Electronic Data Exchange and E-Commerce . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Software Development and XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
XML Technology and the Java Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Distributed Programming Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Naming and Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Remote Method Invocation (RMI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Distributed Object Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Given an Architecture Described in Terms of Network
Layout, List Benefits and Potential Weaknesses
Associated with It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Contents xiii
Exercise 2-1 Role of Architect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Exercise 2-2 Architecture Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Exercise 2-3 Abstraction, Boundaries, Brittleness,
and Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Exercise 2-4 Fundamentals of System Architecture . . . . . 73
Exercise 2-5 Abstraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Certification Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3 Two-Minute Drill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Q&A Self Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Self Test Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Analysis and Design of Object-Oriented Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Key Features of OOP: Objects and Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Defining Object-Oriented Analysis and Design . . . . . . . . . . 85
Project Life Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Unified Modeling Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Elements Used in UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Relationships Used in UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Diagrams Used in UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Stereotypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Practical Use of UML Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
3 Two-Minute Drill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Q&A Self Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Self Test Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
4 Applicability of JEE Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Explain the JEE Architecture and System Requirements . . . . . . . . . 126
JEE Technology Layers Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
JEE Application Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
JEE Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Exercise 4-1 JEE Architecture and the Nonfunctional
Requirements of a System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Development Methodology and Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Explain the Use of Patterns in the JEE Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Use of Patterns in the JEE Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Exercise 4-2 Patterns in the JEE Framework
and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
xiv SCEA Sun Certified Enterprise Architect for Java EE Study Guide
Describe the Concepts of “Best Practices” and “Guidelines” . . . . . . . 149
Identifying the Need for Best Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Best Practice: Client Tier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Illustrate the Use of JEE for Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Best Practice: MVC Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Exercise 4-3 Structuring Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Exercise 4-4 Defining Best Practice and Guideline . . . . . 162
Review Best Practices Applicable for All Tiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Review Best Practices for the Client Tier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Enumerate the Components and Categories of the Web Tier . . . . . . 164
Explain How to Apply MVC to the Web Tier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Review the Best Practices for the Presentation Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Exercise 4-5 Illustrate the Use of JEE for Workflow . . . . . 165
Review the Internationalization and Localization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Internationalization, Localization, and Locale . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Exercise 4-6 Localization and Internalization . . . . . . . . . 167
The EJB Tier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
JEE Best Practices: Data Access Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
JEE Best Practices: Value Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
JEE Best Practices: Session Bean Facade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
JEE Best Practices: Master Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Exercise 4-7 Data Access Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Exercise 4-8 Value Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Exercise 4-9 Facades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
JEE Best Practices: EIS Integration Tier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
JEE Connector Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Illustrate When to Use JEE Technology for Given Situations . . . . . . 176
EIS Guidelines: Data Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
EIS Access Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Guidelines: Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Performance-Related Best Practices: Data Caching . . . . . . . 178
JEE Best Practices: Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Security Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Authentication in the EJB and EIS Integration Tiers . . . . . . 182
Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Transaction Guidelines in EIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Exercise 4-10 Security Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Contents xv
Exercise 4-11 The Role of Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
3 Two-Minute Drill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Q&A Self Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Self Test Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
5 Design Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Identify the Benefits of Using Design Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Design Patterns by Gamma et al., also known as
The Gang of Four (GoF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Identify the Most Appropriate Design Pattern for
a Given Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
GoF Creational Design Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
GoF Structural Design Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
GoF Behavioral Design Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Sun’s J2EE Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
State the Name of a Gamma et al. Design Pattern Given
the UML Diagram and/or a Brief Description of the
Pattern’s Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Identify Benefits of a Specified Gamma et al. Design Pattern . . . . . . 282
Identify the Gamma et al. Design Pattern Associated with
a Specified Java EE Technology Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
3 Two-Minute Drill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Q&A Self Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Self Test Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
6 Legacy Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Introduction to Legacy Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Legacy Connectivity Using Java: the Classic Approach . . . . 300
Legacy Connectivity Using JEE Connector Architecture . . . 305
Java Connector Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
JEE Connector Architecture: A General
Integration Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
The Structure of the JCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Basic JCA 1.0 Adapter Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
JCA 1.5 Adapter Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Distinguish Appropriate from Inappropriate Techniques for
Providing Access to a Legacy System from Java Technology
Code Given an Outline Description of That Legacy System . . . . . 339