Scalable Video on Demand: Adaptive Internet-based Distribution

292 Pages·2005·176 MB·English

by  Michael Zink

Scalable Video on Demand

Scalable Video on Demand
Adaptive Internet-based Distribution
Michael Zink
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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To Andrea

Contents
List of Figures xiii
List of Tables xvii
About the Author xix
Acknowledgements xxi
Acronyms xxiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Why Scalable Internet Video on Demand Systems? 2
1.2 What is the Goal of this Book? 4
1.3 Outline of this Book 5
1.4 Who is this Book for? 7
2 Scalable Adaptive Streaming Architecture 9
2.1 Distributed Systems 10
2.2 Replication 11
2.2.1 Server-initiated Replication 12
2.2.2 Client-initiated Caching 13
2.3 Video Distribution System Terminology 14
2.3.1 Origin Server 14
2.3.2 Proxy Cache 14
2.3.3 Cache Replacement 16
2.3.4 Client 16
2.3.5 Logical Overlay 17
2.3.6 Video Object 18
2.3.7 Video on Demand (VoD) 18
2.4 Architecture 20
2.4.1 A Snapshot of Today's Internet Infrastructure 20
2.4.2 Advantages. of Caching 21
2.4.3 VoD without Scalable Adaptive Streaming 22
2.4.4 System Scalability 24
CONTENTS
2.4.5 Content Scalability 26
2.4.6 Combining System and Content Scalability 28
2.4.7 VoD with Scalable Adaptive Streaming Support 30
2.5 Scenario for Scalable Adaptive Streaming 31
2.6 An Example Application for Scalable Adaptive Streaming 32
3 Towards a Scalable Adaptive Streaming Architecture 37
3.1 Products 38
3.2 Standardization 39
3.2.1 IETF 39
3.2.2 DVB and DA VIC 41
3.3 Content Scalability-Scalable Encoded Video 42
3.3.1 Hierarchically Layer-encoded Video 43
3.3.2 Fine Granularity Scalability 43
3.3.3 Multiple Description Coding 44
3.3.4 Comparison of Layered Encoding Approaches 45
3.4 Congestion Control-TCP-friendliness 47
3.4.1 The Window-based Approach 47
3.4.2 The Rate-based Approach 48
3.5 Adaptive Streaming-Streaming Layer-encoded Video
without Caches 49
3.6 System Scalability-Caches 50
3.6.1 Partial Caching of Video Objects 51
3.6.2 Time-based Partial Caching 52
3.6.3 Bandwidth-based Partial Caching 54
3.6.4 Disadvantages of Partial Video Caching 56
3.7 Reliable Transport into Caches 57
3.8 Cache Clusters 59
4 Quality Variations in Layer-encoded Video 63
4.1 What is the Relation between Objective
and Subjective Quality? 64
4.2 Quality Metrics for Video 66
4.2.1 Existing Work on Quality Metrics for Layer-encoded
Video 66
4.2.2 Objective Video Quality Assessment 66
4.3 Test Environment 67
4.3.1 Layer-encoded Video Format-SPEG 67
4.3.2 Test Generation-Full Control 69
4.3.3 Measurement Method-Stimulus Comparison 70
4.3.4 Test Application-Enforcing Time Constraints 72
4.4 Experiment 73
4.4.1 Scenario 73
4.4.2 Candidates 74