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Satellite Thermal Control for Systems Engineers PDF

280 Pages·1998·11.946 MB·English
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Purchased from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Satellite Thermal Control for Systems Engineers Purchased from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics This page intentionally left blank Purchased from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Satellite Thermal Control for Systems Engineers Robert D. Karam Gaithersburg, Maryland Volume 181 PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS Paul Zarchan, Editor-in-Chief Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Virginia 20191-4344 Purchased from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 54321 Copyright © 1998 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. The code following this statement indicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of articles in this volume may be made for personal or internal use, on condition that the copier pay the per-copy fee ($2.00) plus the per-page fee ($0.50) through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, for which permission requests should be addressed to the publisher. Users should employ the following code when reporting copying from the volume to the Coypright Clearance Center: 1-56347-276-7/98 $2.50 + .50 Data and information appearing in this book are for informational purposes only. AIAA is not responsible for any injury or damage resulting from use or reliance, nor does AIAA warrant that use or reliance will be free from privately owned rights. ISBN 1-56347-276-7 Purchased from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics To my wife, Maggie Purchased from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics This page intentionally left blank Purchased from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics Editor-in-Chief Paul Zarchan Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Editorial Board Richard G. Bradley Leroy S. Fletcher Lockheed Martin Fort Worth Company Texas A&M University William Brandon Alien E. Fuhs MITRE Corporation Carmel, California Clarence B. Cohen Ira D. Jacobson Redondo Beach, California Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Luigi De Luca John L. Junkins Politechnico di Milano, Italy Texas A&M University Philip D. Hattis Pradip M. Sagdeo Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. University of Michigan Vigor Yang Pennsylvania State University Purchased from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics This page intentionally left blank Purchased from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Table of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Chapter 1. Satellite Temperature and Thermal Energy Management . . 1 I. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 II. Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 III. Thermal Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4 IV. Relation Between Heating and Temperature: Method of Thermal Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 V. Thermal Interface Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7 Chapter 2. Heat Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 I. Introduction...................................... 13 II. Radiation ....................................... 13 III. Conduction ...................................... 21 IV. Convection ...................................... 32 V. Combined Modes of Heat Transfer ...................... 38 Chapter 3. Radiation in Thermal Control..................... 45 I. Introduction...................................... 45 II. Radiation Intensity and Exchange Factors ................. 45 III. Satellite Enclosures ................................ 56 IV. Optical Properties .................................. 58 Chapter 4. Heating Fluxes................................ 67 I. Introduction...................................... 67 II. Ground Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 67 III. Ascent Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 68 IV. Orbit Environment Heating Fluxes ...................... 71 V. Orbit Normal Incident Fluxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73 VI. Charged Particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 87 Chapter 5. Satellite Thermal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91 I. Introduction...................................... 91 II. Thermal Energy Equation ............................ 92 III. Thermal Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100 IV. Approximate Analytical Solutions ..................... 106 V. Transients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 123 Chapter 6. Thermal Control Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 147 I. Introduction..................................... 147 II. Multilayered Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 147 IX

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