Satellite remote sensing for agricultural projects

238 Pages·2000·11.38 MB·English

by  World Bank Group

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ND TNR LMGSTIA
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WORLDB ANKT ECHNICAPL APERN UMBER1 28
Satellite Remote Sensing
for Agricultural Projects
J.RG astellu-Etchegorry,e ditor
The World Bank
Washington, D.C.
Copyright i 1990
The International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development/THE WORLD BANK
1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20433,U .S.A.
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
First printing July 1990
Technical Papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank's work to the development
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ISSN: 0253-7494
Libraryo f Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationD ata
Satellite remote sensing for agricultural projects j J.P. Gastellu
-Etchegorry, editor.
p. cm.--(World Bank technical paper, ISSN 0253-7494;n o.
128)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN0 -8213-1625-7
1. Agriculture-Remote sensing. 2. Agricultural development
projects. I. Gastellu-Etchegorry, Jean-Philippe, 1955-
II. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Ill. Series.
S494.5.R4S27 1990
631-dc2O 90-12783
CIP
FOREWORD
Although satellite remote sensing has been used for almost twenty years, the recent
developmento f a series of new satellitesa nd techniquest o utilizet he informationa vailableh as
opened a new field of data collectiona nd interpretationI. n responset o World Bank staff who
asked for operationally relevant information on remote sensing, on Bank experience with
remote sensing and the comparativea dvantage of the various systems, the Agriculture and
Rural DevelopmentD epartment( AGR), in cooperation with the Environment Department
(ENV), organized a seminar on remote sensing for agricultural projects which took place
March 30-31, 1989.
The seminarb roughtt ogethera large numbero f remotes ensinge xpertsa nd practitioners,b oth
from within and outsideo f the WorldB ank, who addressedt he followingm ain subjects:
* the capabilitiesa nd limitationso f the variouss atelliter emotes ensings ystems;
* Worldb ank utilizationo f satelliter emotes ensingt echniques;a nd
* case studies in several agricultural subsectors with information on methodologies,
achievementsc, osts and timer equirements.
The papers presented at the seminar show the wide spectrum of subjects for which remote
sensing can be employed usefully. They also indicate the still evolving nature of remote
sensing techniques. The publication of these papers is expected to contribute to a better
understandingo f how satelliter emotes ensing can assisti n the preparationa nd monitoringo f
agriculturalp rojects,w ithina nd outsidet he WorldB ank.
The organizationo f the seminarw as financiallys upportedb y a generousc ontributionf rom the
Governmento f France and CNES, the French spatdala gency, through which the services of
Dr. J. P. Gastellu-Etchegorryo f SCOT Conseil were financed. Dr. Gastellu-Etchegorry
provided invaluable assistance to AGR and ENV in the preparation of the seminar, the
selection of the speakers and editing this volume. Messrs. Kuffner of AGR and Hardy of
ENV also contributedt o the organizationo f the seminar.
We wish to express our thanks to the organizersa nd, especially,t o the speakers,w ho shared
with us their particulark nowledgea nd experiencei n this rapidlyd evelopings ubject.
Guy Le Moigne D. Jane Pratt
Senior Advisor DivisionC hief
Agriculturea nd Rural Dev. Department EnvironmenDt epartment
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Remote Sensing Activities in the World Bank: A Review 1
of Experiences and Current Technical Capabilities
Glenn Morgan
2. Satellite Remote Sensing 11
Ray Harris
3. Land Use Mapping in the Philippines using 29
SPOT Satellite Imagery
B. Wayne Luscombe
4. Mapping from Space 43
Guy Rochon
5. Inventory of Small and Medium-Size Irrigation Schemes 59
in Algeria using SPOT Numerical Data
P. Carton
6. The Role of Remote Sensing in Irrigation Management: 67
A Case Study on Allocation of Irrigation Water
M. Menenti, T. Visser, and J.L. Chambouleyron
7. Remote Sensing Applied to Hydrogeology through Case Studies 83
Thierry Pointet
8. Satellite Hydrogeology 93
Donald R. Wiesnet
9. Monitoring of Natural Renewable Resources and Crop 103
Forecasting in Sahelian Countries
E. Barisano
10. Famine in Africa 115
Bobby E. Spiers
11 Remote Sensing and Agricultural Information 121
for Crop Forecasting: Sudan Experience
H.M. Hassan and William Wigton
12. Use of Remote Sensing in Survey, Management, 135
and Economic Development of Tropical Rainforests
FreddricA charda nd FranqoisB lasco
13 USAID: Remote Sensing and Forestry 149
John D. Sullivan
14. Seasonal Vegetation Monitoring with A VHRR Data 153
for Grasshopper and Locust Control in West Africa
G.G. Tappan,S .M. Howard,T .T. Loveland,D .G.M oore,a nd D.J. Tyler
15. Remote Sensing in Indonesia 165
J.P.G astellu-Etchegorry
16. Early Warning on Agricultural Production with Satellite 187
Data and Simulation Models in Zambi.a
M. Menenti, J. Huygen, S. Azzali, and J.A.A. Berkh(out
17. Institutional Aspects of Remote Sensing and Environmental 207
Data Management -Issues and Recomimendations
F. Falloux
18. Efficient Investment for Developing Remote Sensing Activities 217
Jean-ClaudeC azaux
19. Technical Conclusion 225
Ray Harris
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Fred6ric Achard T.R. Loveland
GREF (French Agriculture Ministry) TGS Technology, Inc.
S. Azzali B.W ayne Luscombe
The Winand Staring Center for Integrated Land, Environmental Operations and Strategy Division
Soil, and Water Research, The Netherlands The World Bank
E.Barisano M. Menenti
SODETEDT .A.I. Remote Sensing Centre The Winand Staring Center for Integrated Land,
France Soil, and Water Research
The Netherlands
F. Blasco
I.C.I.V. (Institute for the International D.G. Moore
map of Vegetation), France U.S. Geological Survey
J.A.A. Berkhout Glenn Morgan
Department of Physical Geography and Soil Science Environmental Operations and Strategy Division
University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands The World Bank
P. Carton Thierry Pointet
SOGREAH BRGM
France France
Jean-Claude Cazaux Bobby E. Spiers
SCOT CONSEIL Foreign Agriculture Service
France U.S. Department of Agriculture
J.L. Chambouleyron Guy Rochon
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnicas DIGIM, Inc.
Argentina Canada
Francois Falloux John D. Sullivan
Africa Technical Department, The World Bank Science and Technology Department
U.S. Agency for International Development
J.P. Gastellu-Etchegorry
SCOTC ONSEIL/Paul Sabatier University G.G. Tappan
France TGS Technology, Inc.
Ray Harris D.J. Tyler
Software Sciences TGS Technology, Inc.
United Kingdom
T. Visser
H.M. Hassan The Winand Staring Center for Integrated Land,
Environmental Operations and Strategy Division Soil, and Water Research
The World Bank The Netherlands
S.M. Howard Donald R. Wiesnet, Consultant
TGS Technology, Inc. Vienna, Virginia
J. Huygen William Wigton
The Winand Staring Center for Integrated Land, Environmental Operations and Strategy Division
Soil, and Water Research, The Netherlands The World Bank
REMOTE SENSING ACrIVITIES IN THE WORLD BANK: A REVIEW
OF EXPERIENCES AND CURRENT TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES
Glenn Morgan
INTRODUCTION
This paper reviews the Bank's experience to date with remote sensing technology (specifically
satelliter emote sensing)a nd describes the context in which remote sensing is used in the Bank's
operations. The paper considers the steps the Bank has taken in response to the challenge of
incorporating this technology into its lending operations and reviews a number of operational
constraints that hinder successful application of this technology. The paper concludes by
providing an overviewo f currenti n-house capabilitiesa nd suggestsw ays in which to improvet he
contributiono f this technologyt o Bank operations.
BACKGROUND
To varying degrees the Bank has been involvedw ith satelliter emote sensing technologyf or close
to 15 years. As early as 1974, in its Rural Development Sector Policy Paper, the World Bank
acknowledgedth e potentialc ontributiono f remote sensingt echnology.T he paper stressedt hat:
It is importantt o have more informationa bout the resourcesa vailable for exploitationb y
the rural poor and others. To this end the Bank will finance resource inventory and
evaluationw ork based on field surveys; the use of ERTS (Landsat) imagery and aerial
photography;a nd sectorala nd regional studiest o discovera dditionalg rowth centers and
rural urban linkages.
Because of the long-term implications of project and policy initiatives on a country's natural
resources,c oncern is growingt hat national,s tate, and local governmentsa re adequatelyp repared
to design, evaluate, implement,a nd supervisel arge-scaled evelopmentp rojectsi nways that fully
-2-
account for natural resource and environmentalc onsequences. It is not unusual for long-term
resourcea llocationd ecisionst o be madei n a resourcei nformation" vacuum"
Commentsm ade by David Simonetto f the Universityo f Californias everaly ears ago still ring true
today:
Decisionso n capital investmenta nd resourced evelopmenta re made in an atmosphereo f
greater or lesser uncertaintyt he uncertaintyi s almost always greater in the developing
than the developed world because of the weaker information base. As a result many
projects in the developingw orld have unexpecteda nd sometimesu ndesirable outcomes
economically, socially, and environmentally. Since the major bases for economic
development in the developing nations lie in their natural resources, improved
informationo n these resourcesw ill reduce some of the uncertaintyi n decisionm aking.
Information on the nature, extent, and productive potential of natural resources in developing
countries is typically incomplete or out of date. There is an unquestionable need for better
managemento f natural resources and ecologicallys ensitive areas: improving managementw ill
almost certainly entail improving the quality and availability of basic information in many
situations.R emotes ensing technologyi s seen as one techniquef or facilitatingt his goal.
OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCESW ITH REMOTE SENSING
Since 1974 the Bank has used remote sensing technology in a wide range of applications.
Typically,r emote sensing activitiesh ave been small componentso f larger Bank projects.D uring
the 1970sa nd early 1980sr emote sensinga ctivityw as centeredp rimarilyi n Agriculturea nd Rural
DevelopmenDt epartment( AGR)a nd maintaineda strongp roject-by-projecfto cus.O ver the years
the Bank has funded numerous air photo missions and has utilized most forms of satellite
imagery, including Landsat, SPOT, and AVHR.R.A bout 100 projects have utilized satellite
remote sensing technology to a greater or lesser extent since the mid-1970s. The number of
annualr equestsf or remote sensing applicationsa ssistancep rojectsh as risen since the availability
of SPOT imagery.
One of the Bank's main applicationso f satellite imagery during the late 1970sa nd early 1980s
was on the preparationo f satellitei mage base-maps,u sually a small, scale (1:250,000)n ational
map series relying primarilyo n the use of Landsai:( MultispectralS canner and ThematicM apper