Rules of thumb for petroleum engineers PDF
Preview Rules of thumb for petroleum engineers
Rules of Thumb for Petroleum Engineers Scrivener Publishing 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J Beverly, MA 01915-6106 Publishers at Scrivener Martin Scrivener ([email protected]) Phillip Carmical ([email protected]) Rules of Thumb for Petroleum Engineers James G. Speight This edition first published 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA © 2017 Scrivener Publishing LLC For more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. 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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISBN 978-1-118-59526-8 Cover image: Kris Hackerott Cover design by Kris Hackerott Set in size of 10pt and Minion Pro by Exeter Premedia Services Private Ltd., Chennai, India Printed in 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Preface xxixv About the Author xxi Abrasion 1 Absorption 3 Acid Gas Removal 5 Acid Gas Scrubbing 9 Acid Number 11 Acid Rain 13 Acid-Base Catalysts 15 Acidity and Alkalinity 17 Acidizing 19 Adsorption 21 Adsorption Isotherm 23 Adulteration 25 Air Emissions 27 Alcohol Blended Fuels 29 Alcohols 31 Alicyclic Hydrocarbons 33 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 35 Alloys – Composition 37 Amine Absorber 39 Amine Condenser 41 Amine Washing 43 v v vi Contents Ammonia 45 Aniline Point 47 Anticline 49 Antoine Equation 51 API Gravity 53 Aromatic Hydrocarbons 59 Asphalt Manufacture 61 Asphaltene Constituents 63 Associated Natural Gas 65 Atmospheric Equivalent Boiling Point 67 Auto-ignition Temperature 69 Barrel 71 Baumé Gravity 73 Benchmark Crude Oil 75 Bernoulli’s Principle 77 Biomass and Biofuels 79 Bitumen 83 Bituminous Rock and Bituminous Sand 85 Black Acids 87 Black Oil 89 Blending and Mixing 91 Boiling Point and Boiling Range 95 Brine 97 Bubble Point and Bubble Point Pressure 99 Bureau of Mines Correlation Index 101 Calorific Value 103 Capillary Forces 105 Contents vii Capillary Number 107 Capillary Pressure 109 Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide 111 Carbon Number and Possible Isomers 113 Carbonate Reservoir 115 Carbonate Washing and Water Washing 117 Catalyst Pore Diameter 119 Catalytic Materials 121 Catalytic Reforming 123 Cementation Value 125 Cetane Index 127 Characterization Factor 129 Chemical Reaction Rates 131 Chemicals Reactive with Water 133 Chemometrics 135 Clausius Equation and Clausius-Clapeyron Equation 137 Coal – General Properties 139 Coke Yield from Conradson Carbon 141 Common Acronyms 143 Common Names of Selected Chemical Compounds 145 Common Unit Conversions 147 Commonly Used Constants 149 Compressibility 151 Coning 153 Conversion Charts 155 Conversion Factors 157 Correlation Index 163 viii Contents Corrosion 165 Corrosion – Fuel Ash 167 Corrosion – Naphthenic Acid 169 Cricondenbar 171 Cricondentherm 173 Critical Properties 175 Critical Temperatures of Gases 177 Crude Oil – Assay 179 Crude Oil – Classification 181 Crude Oil – Desalting 183 Crude Oil – Distillation 185 Crude Oil – Fractional Composition 187 Crude Oil – Hydrotreating 189 Crude Oil – Molecular Composition 191 Crude Oil – Primary Recovery 193 Crude Oil – Recovery 195 Crude Oil – Refining 197 Crude Oil – Residua 201 Crude Oil – Sampling and Analysis 203 Crude Oil – Secondary Recovery 205 Crude Oil – Tertiary Recovery 207 Crude Oil from Tight Formations 209 Darcy and Non-Darcy Flow in Porous Media 211 Darcy’s Law 213 Decimal Multipliers for SI Prefixes 215 Decline Curve Evaluation 217 Delivery Point 219
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