Routledge Handbook of Naval Strategy and Security

423 Pages·2016·2.63 MB·English

by  Joachim Krause

ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF NAVAL
STRATEGY AND SECURITY
This new handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the issues facing naval strategy and
security in the twenty-fi rst century.
Featuring contributions from some of the world’s premier researchers and practitioners in
the fi eld of naval strategy and security, this handbook covers naval security issues in diverse
regions of the world, from the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean to the Arctic and the
piracy-prone waters off East Africa’s coast. It outlines major policy challenges arising from
competing claims, transnational organized crime and maritime terrorism, and details national
and alliance reactions to these problems. While this volume provides detailed analyses on oper-
ational, judicial, and legislative consequences that contemporary maritime security threats pose,
it also places a specifi c emphasis on naval strategy. With a public very much focused on the softer
constabulary roles naval forces play (such as humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, naval diplo-
macy, maintenance of good order at sea), the overarching hard-power role of navies has been
pushed into the background. In fact, navies and seapower have been notably absent from many
recent academic discussions and deliberations of maritime security. This handbook provides a
much-desired addition to the literature for researchers and analysts in the social sciences on the
relationship between security policy and military means on, under, and from the sea. It com-
prehensively explains the state of naval security in this maritime century and the role of naval
forces in it.
This book will be of much interest to students of naval security and naval strategy, security
studies and IR, as well as practitioners in the fi eld.
Joachim Krause is Professor of Political Science at the Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel,
Germany, and has published more than 20 books, including, most recently, Afghanistan, Pakistan
and Western Strategy (Routledge, 2013, co-edited with Charles King Mallory IV).
Sebastian Bruns is Director of the Center for Maritime Strategy and Security at the Institute
for Security Policy, University of Kiel (ISPK), Germany.
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ROUTLED GE HANDB O OK
OF NAVAL STRATEGY
AND SECURIT Y
Edited by Joachim Krause and Sebastian Bruns
RO Routledge
UTLEDG Taylor & Francis Group
E
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 2016
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2016 selection and editorial material, Joachim Krause and Sebastian Bruns;
individual chapters, the contributors
The right of the editors to be identifi ed as the authors of the editorial material,
and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance
with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent
to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
Routledge handbook of naval strategy and security / edited by
Joachim Krause and Sebastian Bruns.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Naval strategy–Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Sea-power. 3. Naval history,
Modern–21st century. I. Krause, Joachim, 1951– editor. II. Bruns,
Sebastian, 1982– editor.
V163.R67 2016
359.40973–dc23 2015025489
ISBN: 978-1-138-84093-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-73257-2 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by Out of House Publishing
CONTENTS

List of fi gures viii
List of tables ix
Notes on contributors x
List of acronyms and abbreviations xv
PART I
Context and concepts 1
1 I ntroduction: the changing face of twenty-fi rst-century naval strategy
and maritime security 3
Joachim Krause and Sebastian Bruns
2 T he complex nature of today’s maritime security issues:
a European perspective 1 1
Lutz Feldt
3 T he future of naval confl ict and lessons from history 27
Tim Benbow
PART II
Choke points and strategic areas 45
4 T he East China Sea dispute 47
Ralf Emmers
5 I mproving maritime safety and security in the South China Sea 5 8
Vasco Becker-Weinberg
vv
Contents
6 Strategic features of the Indian Ocean region 77
James R. Holmes
7 Indian Ocean security: developments in ocean law, trade, and resources 88
Caitlyn Antrim
8 The Gulf: how dangerous is Iran to international maritime security? 103
Anthony H. Cordesman
9 Maritime security in the Mediterranean: Europe’s fragile underbelly 118
Torsten Albrecht, Carlo Masala and Konstantinos Tsetsos
10 A rctic security: new challenges in a diverse region 133
Helga Haftendorn
PART III
Doctrinal and technological issues on the naval agenda 151
11 T he complex nature of today’s maritime security issues:
why whole-of-government frameworks matter 153
Brian Wilson
12 T he changing nature of naval confl icts in confi ned and
shallow waters (CSW) 166
Stavros Karlatiras
13 P ower-projection vs. anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD): the
operational concepts of the U.S. Navy (USN) and the People’s
Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) in the Indo-Pacifi c region 177
Nikolaus Scholik
14 T he implications of cyberspace for naval strategy and security 189
Alison Lawlor Russell
15 ( No) princes of the sea: refl ections on maritime terrorism 202
Peter Lehr
16 P iracy off the Somali coast: is there light at the end of the tunnel? 215
Martin N. Murphy
vi
Contents
PART IV
Actor perspectives and policy options 227
17 A merican naval policy, strategy, plans, and operations in the second
decade of the twenty-fi rst century 229
Peter M. Swartz
18 H aving to “make do”: U.S. Navy and Marine Corps strategic
options in the twenty-fi rst century 268
Sarandis (‘Randy’) Papadopoulos
19 E lements of twenty-fi rst-century German naval strategy 283
Sebastian Bruns
20 U nited Kingdom naval strategy and international security
in the twenty-fi rst century 2 96
Eric Grove
21 T he Russian Navy: “Russia’s pride, strength, and asset” 305
Klaus A. R. Mommsen
22 M aritime security order in Asia: a perspective from India 315
Vijay Sakhuja
23 M ajor maritime powers and their changing relationship: the
United States, Europe, China, India, and others 328
Brahma Chellaney
24 A perspective on China’s maritime security strategy 339
Xu Hui and Cao Xianyu
25 C hinese views of the U.S.-led maritime order: assessing the skeptics 351
Toshi Yoshihara
26 A maritime renaissance: naval power in NATO’s future 3 64
Diego A. Ruiz Palmer
27 T he European Union’s approach to maritime security 381
Rudolf Roy
Index 3 88
vii
FIGURES

9.1 European Mediterranean naval platforms 119
9.2 EEZs in the Mediterranean based on UNCLOS equidistance principle 121
9.3 The Turkish Cypriots’ claimed hydrocarbon research blocks 123
9.4 Total quarterly detections of illegal border-crossings 126
13.1 Maritime operative concepts of the Chinese Navy 180
13.2 U.S. Navy carrier strike group/naval task group sample composition 186
vviiiiii
TABLES

4.1 N aval capabilities of China and Japan 51
13.1 Range of Chinese anti-access/area-denial measures, and
principal military branch to employ them 1 81
18.1 DON Total Obligational Authority by account and fi scal year 2 71
18.2 Declining navies in history 275
18.3 Destroyers and frigates in allied navies: Cold War to 2009 277
19.1 Major naval operations of the Germany Navy, 1990–2015 287
26.1 NATO’s major maritime exercises, 1975–1990 368
26.2 NATO’s maritime operations, 1992–2013 372
iixx