Rock Engineering Design: Properties and Applications of Sound Level

181 Pages·2013·10.555 MB·English

by  Harsha Vardhan, Rajesh Kumar Bayar

Geotechnical Engineering V Rock Engineering Design
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“Selection of topics is well arranged, readers may follow the topic easily in a logical h
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way without losing interest. …The application of sound level in determining the
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fault and its diagnosis in the mechanical industries is a very well-known technique
• Properties and
for practicing engineers and scientists. However, its application in rock engineering B
design is not very common and this book is unique in the market in this respect. … a
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The topic of the book is a new area in the field of rock mechanics and I believe it a Applications of
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will open new horizons to research students and practicing engineers. …”
––Prof. Dr. Nuh Bilgin, Lecturer, Istanbul Technical University,
Sound Level
Maden Fakultesi, Maslak, Istanbul
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“…Applying a novel concept, the authors have demonstrated that rock properties
can be estimated to a reasonable degree of accuracy even without carrying out C
actual tests in some established laboratory. The suggested method can be used for
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preliminary estimates of rock properties, thereby saving time and cost. … I am

of the opinion that the authors have presented a new idea through this book. This E
idea may prompt researchers worldwide to carry out further research in this area.”
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––Prof. G. R. Adhikari, Department of Mining Engineering,
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Goa College of Engineering, India
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Being knowledgeable about rock properties is vital to being effective in the design
of blasts in mines, quarries, and other construction projects. Without proper E
knowledge, the energy released during blasting can be underutilized, harm the E
environment, and may escalate costs. Rock Engineering Design: Properties R
and Applications of Sound Level aids scientists and practicing engineers in
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determining rock properties in a quick and precise way. This book presents the N
basic concepts and principles on which sound level can be used in solving rock
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engineering design problems.

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w w w. c r c p r e s s . c o m
K18963 cvr mech.indd 1 7/19/13 4:47 PM

Rock Engineering
Design
Properties and Applications
of Sound Level

Rock Engineering
Design
Properties and Applications
of Sound Level
Harsha Vardhan • Rajesh Kumar Bayar
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20130722
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-8296-5 (eBook - PDF)
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© 2008 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Contents
Preface ......................................................................................................................xi
The Authors .........................................................................................................xiii
1. About Noise in General .................................................................................1
1.1 Genesis of Noise, Its Propagation, and Unit ......................................1
1.2 Common Terminology .........................................................................2
1.3 Impact of Noise .....................................................................................3
1.3.1 Interference with Speech Communication ..........................3
1.3.2 Auditory Effects .......................................................................4
1.3.3 Nonauditory Effects ................................................................4
1.4 Statutory Provisions Pertaining to Noise Exposure in India
and Other Countries .............................................................................5
1.4.1 Noise Standard in India ..........................................................5
1.4.2 Noise Standard in United States of America .......................6
1.4.3 United Kingdom ......................................................................7
1.4.4 Australia ....................................................................................7
1.4.5 Argentina ..................................................................................7
1.4.6 France .........................................................................................7
1.4.7 Canada .......................................................................................7
1.4.8 Poland ........................................................................................8
1.4.9 Yugoslavia .................................................................................8
1.4.10 Former USSR.............................................................................8
1.5 Instrumentation for Noise Measurement ..........................................8
1.5.1 Sound Level Meter ...................................................................9
1.5.2 Noise Dosimeter .......................................................................9
1.5.3 Frequency Analyzer ..............................................................10
1.6 Frequency Analysis of Noise .............................................................10
References .......................................................................................................14
2. Application of Noise Monitoring for Mining Equipments .................17
2.1 Sources of Noise in Heavy Earth-Moving Machinery
(HEMM) ...........................................................................................17
2.2 Diesel Engine Noise—Characteristics and Control .......................18
2.3 Noise Control of Mining Equipment ...............................................21
2.3.1 Retrofit Approach ..................................................................21
2.3.2 Maintenance Approach .........................................................24
2.4 Noise Characteristics of HEMM .......................................................26
2.4.1 Characteristics of HEMM Noise under Loaded and
Empty Conditions ..................................................................26
© 2008 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC vii
viii Contents
2.4.2 Characteristics of Noise Emission from Exhaust,
Air Inlet, and Cooling Fan of HEMM .................................29
References .......................................................................................................36
3. Rock Mechanics: Application of Sound Level........................................41
3.1 Introduction .........................................................................................41
3.1.1 Determination of Rock Properties .......................................41
3.1.2 Usefulness of Sound Level in Determining Rock
Properties ................................................................................42
3.1.3 Artificial Neural Network Modeling ..................................42
3.2 Experimental Work on Rock Properties ..........................................43
3.2.1 Determination of UCS Using Schmidt Hammer and
Equotip L Values ....................................................................43
3.2.2 Relationship between UCS and Indentation
Hardness Index ......................................................................46
3.2.3 Number of Samples Required for Determining
Mechanical Properties of Rocks ..........................................47
3.2.4 Determination of Specific Energy .......................................48
3.2.5 Usefulness of Determining Rock Mass Drillability
Index ........................................................................................50
References .......................................................................................................52
4. Application of Acoustic Emission and Equivalent Sound Levels
in the Geotechnical Fields ..........................................................................55
4.1 Introduction .........................................................................................55
4.2 Application of Acoustic Emission in Geotechnical Engineering .....55
4.3 Regression and ANN Techniques in Geotechnical Fields ............59
4.3.1 Applications of Regression Techniques ..............................59
4.3.2 Applications of Artificial Neural Network
Techniques (ANN) .................................................................67
References .......................................................................................................69
5. Equipment for Drilling, Measurement of Sound,
and Physico-mechanical Properties of Rocks .........................................75
5.1 Drilling Machine .................................................................................75
5.2 Sound Level Measuring Instrument ................................................75
5.3 Compression Testing Machine ..........................................................77
5.4 Schmidt Hammer ................................................................................78
5.5 P-Wave Velocity Measuring Equipment ..........................................78
5.6 Tensile Strength Testing Machine ....................................................80
6. Measurement of Rock Properties and Sound Level ..............................81
6.1 Rock Compressive Strength ..............................................................81
6.2 Schmidt Rebound Number ................................................................81
6.3 Dry Density of Rock (ρ) ......................................................................84
© 2008 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC