Editors Rock Characterisation, Editors Modelling and Engineering Feng Xia-Ting Feng Hudson John A. Hudson Design Methods Tan Fei Tan Rock Characterisation, Modelling and Engineering Design Methods D M R contains the contributions presented at the 3rd ISRM SINOROCK e o o s c d Symposium (Shanghai, China, 18–20 June 2013). The papers contribute i k g e to the further development of the overall rock engineering design n l C l process through the sequential linkage of the three themes of rock i h M n a characterisation, modelling and design methods, including feedback g e r from the construction process itself. In addition, they enhance the t a a h interaction between the rock mechanics community in China and the o n ct rock mechanics communities in other countries. d d e s E ri n s Rock Characterisation, Modelling and Engineering Design Methods g a t not only describes the current state-of-the-art in rock characterisation, i i n o modelling and design, it also covers the manifold aspects of rock e n e , mechanics and rock engineering. The book will be of interest to r professionals, engineers and academics involved in the theoretical and in practical aspects of rock mechanics and engineering. g ISRM an informa business Feng FINAL.indd 1 25-04-13 11:33 ROCKCHARACTERISATION,MODELLINGANDENGINEERINGDESIGNMETHODS TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk PROCEEDINGSOFTHE3RDISRMSINOROCKSYMPOSIUM,TONGJIUNIVERSITY, SHANGHAI,PRCHINA,18–20JUNE2013 Rock Characterisation, Modelling and Engineering Design Methods Editors Xia-Ting Feng StateKeyLaboratoryofGeomechanicsandGeotechnicalEngineering, InstituteofRockandSoilMechanics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Wuhan,China JohnA. Hudson DepartmentofEarthScienceandEngineering,ImperialCollege,London,UK FeiTan StateKeyLaboratoryofGeomechanicsandGeotechnicalEngineering, InstituteofRockandSoilMechanics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Wuhan,China CRCPress/BalkemaisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2013Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,UK TypesetbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyCPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationortheinformationcontainedhereinmaybe reproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans, electronic,mechanical,byphotocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutwrittenprior permissionfromthepublishers. Althoughallcareistakentoensureintegrityandthequalityofthispublicationandthe informationherein,noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublishersnortheauthorforany damagetothepropertyorpersonsasaresultofoperationoruseofthispublication and/ortheinformationcontainedherein. Publishedby: CRCPress/Balkema P.O.Box11320,2301EH,Leiden,TheNetherlands e-mail:[email protected] www.crcpress.com–www.taylorandfrancis.com ISBN:978-1-138-00057-5(Hardback+CD-ROM) ISBN:978-1-135-88492-9(eBook) RockCharacterisation,ModellingandEngineeringDesignMethods–Feng,Hudson&Tan(Eds) ©2013Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-1-138-00057-5 Table of contents Dedication XIII Preface XV Keynotepapers Technicalreviewsinrockengineering:Experienceinaconsultingpractice 3 E.T.Brown&R.J.Morphet Harmonizingengineeringgeologywithrockengineeringonstabilityofrockslopes 11 R.Ulusay Thebehaviorofbrittlerocks 23 K.Duan,L.G.Tham&F.C.Y.Kwok Stressandsheareffectsonfluidflowandsolutetransportinrockfractures 33 L.Jing,T.Koyama,Z.Zhao&B.Li Thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemicalprocessesinfracturedrock 45 O.Kolditz,U.-J.Görke,H.B.Shao,W.Wang,H.Shao,J.A.Hudson&X.T.Feng Riskinrockengineering:KeyissuesandtheworkoftheISRMDesignMethodologyCommission 49 J.A.Hudson&X.T.Feng Rockcharacterisation Theinfluenceofcyclicloadingondeformationofrocksalt 63 H.L.Ma,C.H.Yang,J.F.Liu&J.W.Chen Experimentalinvestigationsoncreepbehaviorofbeddinganisotropygreenschist 69 L.D.Yang,C.Z.Wu,Z.M.Shi&L.X.Xiong AcousticemissionbehaviorsoftheBeishangraniteunderuniaxialandtriaxialcompressionconditions 75 X.G.Zhao,J.Wang,L.K.Ma,R.Su,M.Cai&G.B.Wang ThecharacterizationofdeeprockjointsfromBoreholeTelevisionimage 81 K.Song,E.C.Yan&L.F.Xie Determiningconductivityoffracturedrockmassandassociatedtransmissivityforfracturesets usingin-situhydrogeologicaltests 87 S.-S.Zhan,T.-T.Wang&T.-H.Huang Failurecharacteristicsoftwoporoussandstonessubjectedtotruetriaxialtesting 93 X.Ma&B.C.Haimson Experimentalstudyonthepermeabilityevolutionofgraniteduringcompletestress-strainprocess 99 C.P.Wang,X.Y.Wang,L.Chen,J.Wang,R.Su&J.F.Liu Characterizationoffaultrocks–investigationoftheshearbehaviorofartificial block-in-matrixrocks 103 T.Pilgerstorfer&W.Schubert Couplingrelationbetweendamage-inducedpermeabilityevolutionandacceleratedcreepdeformation ofvolcanicbreccias 109 R.B.Wang&W.Y.Xu V Experimentalresearchonmicrostructurecharacteristicofmarbleundertemperatureload 115 Y.Zhang&G.Wu Aninvestigationofsurfaceroughnessmeasurementinrockjointswitha3Dscanningdevice 119 M.Moosavi,H.N.Rafsanjani,M.H.Mehranpour,A.Nazem&A.N.Shirazi Studyonlong-termpermeabilityevolutionofBeishangranitefractureundergroundwaterseepage 127 J.B.Yang,X.T.Feng&N.Xie Deformationcharacteristicsofbeddedsandstoneinuniaxialcompression 131 P.L.P.Wasantha&P.G.Ranjith Experimentalstudyoncreepbehaviorofsandstonewithporewaterpressureandits constitutivemodeling 137 Y.J.Cao,W.Wang,J.Lü,T.G.Liu&Z.Zheng StudyontheLateralStrainResponsefordeterminingcrackinitiationincompressiontestson low-porosityrocks 143 L.Qiao,M.Li,Y.Li&X.Wang Analysisofmechanicalcharacteristicsandenergydissipationinfracturerockundertriaxialloading 149 Y.N.Lu,X.P.Li&T.L.Xiao Intelligentlooprecognitionofrockparameterforlargeundergroundhydrauliccavern 155 Q.Jiang,J.Cui,X.T.Feng,D.F.Chen&X.J.Hao EstimationofrockmassdeformationmodulusinBakhtiaryDamProjectinIran 161 M.Sanei,A.Rahmati,L.Faramarzi,S.Goli&A.Mehinrad Predictionofrockmechanicalparametersandrockmassclassificationbypercussivedrilling surveyinginarocktunnel 165 C.Zang&H.Huang Engineeringcharacterizationofrockmasstosuggestbouldersandslopesurfacestabilizationat Ajantacaves,Aurangabad,India 169 M.N.Bagde,A.K.Soni&A.Sinha Highresolutionrockcharacterizationby3Dtunnelseismicreflection 173 C.Cosma,N.Enescu&E.Heikkinen Anexperimentalstudyonthepropagationbehavioroffilledoffsetcracksandpreliminaryfindings 177 J.Chun,X.Zhuang,H.Zhu&X.Chen Apreliminary,calibratedschemeforestimatingrockmasspropertiesfornon-linear, discontinuummodels 183 D.A.Beck,C.R.Lilley,F.Reusch,V.Levkovitch,G.Putzar&A.Flatten Experimentalstudyoftheacousticemissioncharacteristicsofsaltrockunderuniaxialcompression 189 C.Zhang,W.Liang,S.Xu&Y.Yu Studyonrockclassificationwithphysicalpropertyofcoalreservoir 195 J.Guo,P.Xia,F.Xie&Q.M.Yang InfluenceofboundaryconditionontheswellingbehaviorofGMZ01buffer/backfillingmaterial inHLWrepository 199 C.-S.Tang,L.-M.Huang,W.-M.Ye,J.Wang&Y.-M.Liu Remotesensingtechnologiesinrockmasscharacterization 205 Q.Liu Studyonrockmechanicalpropertiesandthecorrelationofthemechanicalparametersof LiuzuoCopperMine 211 H.Cao,L.Xie&Y.Liu Duo-dimensionlessparametersfordescribingsurfacetopographyoffracturedrockanditsanalysis 215 K.Man,J.Wang,R.Su,H.Ma,C.Wang&Y.Zhu DamagecharacterizationandanalysisofSRMduringuniaxialcompression 219 H.F.Sun,M.X.Xing,Y.M.Yang&Y.Ju VI Experimentalstudyonthefatiguepropertyoffracturedrock-likematerialsundercyclicloading 225 W.Jian&R.Li Experimentalstudyondeformationandstrengthpropertiesofmicrofissuredrock 231 R.Deng,Z.Zhong,X.Fu,W.Xiao&J.Yin Energyanalysisofrockdeformationandfailureunderuniaxialcompressionafterhightemperature 235 X.L.Xu CTobservationoffracturedrocksundercreepshear 239 Y.Wang,J.Wang&Q.Cao Researchoncharacteristicsofmicrostructureandacousticemissionofmarbleintheheatingprocess 245 S.-T.Zhai,G.Wu&Y.Zhang ExperimentalinvestigationintobiaxialcompressivefailureofJinpingmarble 251 A.Li,G.Shao,Y.Zhu&D.Lei Studyofdeformationandstrengthpropertiesofthecarbonaceousphylliteundernaturaland saturatedcondition 255 X.Zhu,C.Chen,Y.Zheng,Y.Wang&G.Cheng Estimationoftheperformanceofchainsawmachinesfromshorehardnessandtheother mechanicalproperties 261 D.Tumac,E.Avunduk,H.Copur,N.Bilgin&C.Balci Geostatisticalinvestigationonwaterjetsurfacetreatment 267 M.Bas¸yig˘it&Y.Özçelik Assessmentoftwomethodsforquantitativemeasurementofrockfractureaperture 273 W.M.Xiao,R.G.Deng&C.C.Xia Thenewalgorithmofobtainingshearstrengthofrockmassbasedonnonlinearequationproposedby E.Hoekanditsapplicationtoengineering 279 K.Xia,C.Chen,X.Liu,Y.Zheng&Y.Zhou Researchandapplicationoftherelationofdielectricconstantandmoisturecontentofredclay 285 G.Lü&N.Li Testandnumericalsimulationstudyoflimestonecrackseepage-stresscouplingwithhigh seepagepressure 291 A.N.Jiang,Z.B.Jiang&S.Jiang Modifiedfailurecriterionforshales 297 M.N.J.Al-Awad&B.G.D.Smart Anewmethodtodetermineshearingstrengthforlimestone—acasestudyon LongshanQuarryofAnningCityinYunnan 303 S.Xu,J.Wang&C.Li Stresscharacterizationindeepboreholesusingacoustoelasticity 309 J.A.Donald,R.Prioul,T.Lei&B.Sinha Modelling Ageneralized-plasticity-basedmodelforsandstoneconsideringtime-dependentbehavior 317 M.-C.Weng AnalyticalsolutionforN-memberdecaychaintransportinfractureinrock 323 P.Shahkarami,L.Liu,L.Moreno&I.Neretnieks Newmodelofpermeabilityoftwo-solidconstituentshalegasrock 329 M.B.Geilikman,S.-W.Wong&J.M.Karanikas Theoreticalanalysisonelectromagneticemissionofrockfracturingprocess 335 P.Lin,X.L.Liu,S.Z.Kang&C.Wang AstatisticaldamageconstitutivemodelwithdamagethresholdbasedonMogi-Coulombcriterion 339 Z.Zheng,W.Wang,Y.J.Cao&J.Lü VII GeomechanicalanalysisoftheintegrityofwastedisposalareasintheMorslebenrepository 345 S.Fahland&S.Heusermann Modellingdynamicloadingonbackfilledstopesinsublevelstopingsystems 351 M.Z.Emad&H.S.Mitri Finite-elementmodelingoffracturingtests:Effectofrockheterogeneity 357 A.Lavrov,H.Alassi,S.Pradhan&J.Stenebråten Non-Newtonianfluidflowinrough-walledfractures:Abriefreview 363 A.Lavrov SimulationofrockcuttingmechanismandcharacterizationoffailuremodeinPFC3D 369 O.Su Rockfailureprogressiveprocessandresultantfragmentmuck-pilingusing ahybridfinite-discreteelementmethod 373 H.Y.Liu,J.H.Gao&Y.M.Kang Discreteelementanalysisoftheeffectofmeso-structureheterogeneityonthemechanical behaviorofrock 379 T.Liu,W.Xu,H.Zhang&C.Lv Discreteelementsimulationoffracturesurfacedamageandgougeparticleevolutionina rockfracturesegment 385 Z.Zhao Demonstrationofcoupledmodelsandtheirvalidationagainstexperiment:Thecurrentphase DECOVALEX2015 391 J.A.Hudson&L.Jing AgeomechanicalcomparisonbetweenanaturallyfracturedrockmassanditsDFNequivalent basedonFEMDEMsimulation 397 Q.Lei,J.-P.Latham,J.Xiang&L.Guo Simulationofrockcrackpropagationusingcontinuous-discontinuouscellularautomatonmethod 403 F.Yan,X.T.Feng&P.Z.Pan Dynamicanalysisofslidingvelocityoflandslideinreservoirbasedondiscreteelementmethod 409 J.Liu,S.G.Liu,P.Z.Du,X.Tao&Z.Q.Han ThefracturingofheterogeneouscaprockduringCO injectionintoabrineaquifer 415 2 P.Z.Pan,X.T.Feng,F.Yan&J.Rutqvist AreviewofRockEngineeringSystems(RES)applicationsoverthelast20years 419 J.A.Hudson Large-three-dimensionalphysicalsimulationexperimentsonahighandsteepslopestabilityof open-pitmines 425 X.Lai,P.Shan,J.Cao,H.Zhu&F.Cui StabilityanalysisfortopplingfailureofunstablerockinThreeGorgesreservoirarea,China 431 G.L.Wang,F.Q.Wu&W.J.Ye Smoothedparticlehydrodynamicssimulationoffluidflowinrockfractures 437 L.Zou&L.Jing Aninnovativeapproachforrecognizingdeformationpatternsofabuiltcirculartunnel 445 Y.-C.Chiu,T.-T.Wang&T.-H.Huang Numericalsimulationoninfluencesofgeologicalstructuresonshalegasdevelopment 451 T.Y.Chen,X.T.Feng,X.W.Zhang,Q.Xu&C.J.Fu Neuralnetworkestimationofrockburstdamageseveritybasedonengineeringcases 457 D.F.Chen,X.T.Feng,C.X.Yang,B.R.Chen,S.L.Qiu&D.P.Xu CO geologicalsequestrationmodellingandinjectioninducedfracturinganalysisofthecaprock 463 2 X.L.Liu,P.Lin,E.Z.Wang,G.H.He&G.F.Han VIII ModelingofrockfallsusingthelumpedmassmethodandDDA 469 C.-Y.Ku Rapidconstructionofthree-dimensionalmodelofdangerousrockmassesusinggooglesketchup 475 Y.Deng,W.Yi,H.Huang,T.Huang&Q.Guan 3Dnumericalmodelevaluationofpackertestsforhydrauliccharacterizationoffracturedrock 479 H.Kunz,H.Shao,B.Zaretzki,H.G.Zhao,R.Su&J.Wang Highperformancecomputinginsimulationofcoupledthermal,hydraulicandmechanicalprocesses intransverseisotropicrock 485 W.Wang,U.-J.Görke,T.Schnicke&O.Kolditz Reviewofrockstabilityanalysisusingdiscontinuousdeformationanalysis(DDA) 491 L.Zheng,G.Chen,Y.Zhang&H.Zhang Theoreticalanalysisofanomalouslylowfrictioneffectindeepblockmediamass 501 L.Li,Y.Pan,J.Tang&X.Wang Researchonthegeometricparametersinfluencingonthepermeabilityofthefracturedrocks 505 X.Liu Simulationandresearchontheunloadingmechanicsparameterofjointedrockmass 509 Y.Liu,S.Wu,Z.Wu,Z.Hu,L.Liu&K.Wang Testandstudyofflakingmechanismofironsulfideconcretionsincoalseam 515 T.B.Zhao,C.Z.Shi,Y.Xu,Y.C.Yin&Y.L.Tan Jointinducedanisotropicdeformationandsupportingeffectsofrockboltsfortunnelsexcavated inregularlyjointedrockmasses 519 H.-H.Liu,T.-T.Wang&T.-H.Huang Numericalidentificationofrollcompressioninduceddisintegrationmodesofacoalprismwithin rollermill 525 Y.D.Zhou,Y.L.Liu&X.W.Tang Studyontheruleofroofmomentandsurfacesubsidenceaboutshallow-buriedcoalseam underthinbaserock 531 B.Wu&Z.Ouyang Elastoplasticdamagemodelforquasi-brittlerocksbasedoncontinuummicromechanics—areview 535 N.Xie,J.B.Yang&H.M.Tang UDECmodelingonwavepropagationacrossnonlinearjoints 541 T.T.Liu,J.C.Li,H.B.Li&S.Chai Investigationaboutshut-inpressureinhydraulicfracturing 547 P.Asgharikalyani&A.Lakirouhani Comparativestudyofshearstrengthmodelsforfault-slipanalysis 551 A.Sainoki&H.Mitri Researchonstressstateinslopessubjectedtotectonicstressduringvalleyincisionby geomechanicalmodelling 557 S.Su,P.Li,Q.Wang&X.Wang Methodtosimulatingcrackingofsurroundingrockincoalmines 561 Y.Xue,Q.Liu&X.Lu Researchoninfluencingfactorsandrecognitionmethodforloosezonearoundshallow-buried large-spanunlinedtunnelinheavilyjointedrockstratum 567 Z.Wang,C.Qiao&C.Song Shakingtablemodeltestonfailureoftunnelportalsectionunderstrongearthquake 573 X.Zhao,T.B.Li,L.J.Tao&S.Hou RSMandFORMforelastic-strain-softeningrockmassexcavation 577 L.Song,H.Z.Li,H.J.Liao&G.P.Zhao IX